Deck 27: Brave New World: Communism on Trial

Question 1

What strategies were used by leaders of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China as they sought to build Communist societies in their countries? In what ways were the strategies different,and in what ways were they similar? To what degree were they successful? How has the Chinese Communist Party,to date,been able to retain power while that of the Soviet Union lost control of the state apparatus? Show why.

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

"Gorbachev succeeded,and by succeeding he failed." Discuss.

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Identify the following terms.
Leonid Brezhnev,Alexei Kosygin,and "de-Khrushchevization"

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Identify the following terms.
"Cornman"

Question 5

In your opinion,what were the major causes or events that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union? Be specific.Do you think the collapse of the Soviet Union was inevitable? Why or why not?

Question 6

What was the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution? What did its creator expect it to achieve? Why? Was it successful? If so,in what ways? If not,why not?

Question 7

What were Mao Zedong's chief goals for China,and what policies did he institute to try to achieve them? What significant political,economic,and social changes have taken place in China since the death of Mao Zedong? How successful have they been at improving the quality of life in China?

Question 8

How were the impacts of Stalin and Mao on their societies similar,and how were they different? Did the goals and policies of their successors differ from theirs? Explain.

Question 9

Identify the following terms.
de-Stalinization

Question 10

Identify the following terms.
KGB

Question 11

Identify the following terms.
Georgy Malenkov

Question 12

Did relationships between the government of the Soviet Union and its Eastern European "satellites" change significantly after the death of Stalin? If so,in what ways,and why? If not,why not?

Question 13

What were the chief characteristics of the rule of Leonid Brezhnev and his immediate successors from 1964 to 1985? Was there any forewarning in the early 1980s of the advent of perestroika? What were the key components of perestroika,which Mikhail Gorbachev espoused during the 1980s? Why did it fail?

Question 14

How has the current generation of leadership in China used traditional values to solidify Communist control over the country? To what degree does this approach contradict the theories of Karl Marx?

Question 15

What were the most important factors that helped to bring about détente between the superpowers? Were the personalities of leaders as important as events to the creation of détente? Why or why not?

Question 16

How have six decades of Communist rule affected the concept of the family in China? How does the current state of the family in China compare with the family in other parts of the world?

Question 17

How did Nikita Khrushchev change the system that the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin had put in place before his death in 1953? To what degree did his successors adopt Khrushchev's policies? How did the domestic and foreign policy goals and policies of Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev differ,and why? Would the Soviet Union have been better off if Khrushchev had been in power longer? Explain.

Question 18

Identify the following terms.
Nikita Khrushchev

Question 19

Identify the following terms.
"When I die,the imperialists will strangle all of you like a litter of kittens."

Question 20

"Mao Zedong was merely a traditional Chinese emperor." Discuss,pro and con.

Question 21

Identify the following terms.
"double shift"

Question 22

Identify the following terms.
Lech Walesa and Solidarity

Question 23

Identify the following terms.
Czechoslovakia's Charter 77 and Václav Havel

Question 24

Identify the following terms.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn's One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich and The Gulag Archipelago

Question 25

Identify the following terms.
Boris Yeltsin

Question 26

Identify the following terms.
Andrei Sakharov

Question 27

Identify the following terms.
Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 28

Identify the following terms.
"Hard work for a few years,happiness for a thousand"

Question 29

Identify the following terms.
"people's communes"

Question 30

Identify the following terms.
"We will bury you"

Question 31

Identify the following terms.
agricultural "collectivization"

Question 32

Identify the following terms.
Berlin Wall

Question 33

Identify the following terms.
Pravda

Question 34

Identify the following terms.
Mao Zedong's "New Democracy"

Question 35

Identify the following terms.
Boris Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago

Question 36

Identify the following terms.
"commonwealth of independent states"

Question 37

Identify the following terms.
Hungary's "communism with a capitalist face-lift"

Question 38

Identify the following terms.
perestroika and glasnost

Question 39

Identify the following terms.
Great Leap Forward

Question 40

Identify the following terms.
Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko

Question 41

Identify the following terms.
Deng Xiaoping's "black cat,white cat"

Question 42

Identify the following terms.
"Little Red Book

Question 43

Identify the following terms.
"Mao Zedong thought"

Question 44

Identify the following terms.
Falun Gong

Question 45

Identify the following terms.
Red Guards

Question 46

Identify the following terms.
Tiananmen Square,1989

Question 47

Identify the following terms.
Tibet and Xinjiang province

Question 48

Identify the following terms.
"Four Modernizations"

Question 49

Identify the following terms.
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

Question 50

Identify the following terms.
Confucianism and the CCP

Question 51

Identify the following terms.
from "Serve the people" to "Create wealth for the people"

Question 52

Identify the following terms.
"Science and Democracy"

Question 53

Identify the following terms.
"rural responsibility system"

Question 54

Identify the following terms.
Hu Jintao

Question 55

Identify the following terms.
"uninterrupted revolution"

Question 56

Identify the following terms.
Spratly Islands and Diaoyu Islands

Question 57

Identify the following terms.
the "four olds"

Question 58

Identify the following terms.
China's family planning

Question 59

Identify the following terms.
"taking the capitalist road"

Question 60

Identify the following terms.
the missing "fifth modernization"

Question 61

During a visit,this Soviet leader was astonished that Canadian farmers worked hard of their own initiative.

A) Yuri Andropov
B) Leonid Brezhnev
C) Mikhail Gorbachev
D) Konstantin Chernenko.
E) Nikita Khrushchev

Question 62

Which of the following was not among the many reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev?

A) The beginning of a market economy with limited free enterprise and some private property..
B) Soviet citizens and officials were encouraged to openly discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the Soviet Union..
C) Soviet citizens and officials were encouraged to openly discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the Soviet Union.
D) Religious activities, long banned by the government, were once again tolerated.
E) The creation of an elite presidential bodyguard to defend against declared assassination attempts.

Question 63

Identify the following terms.
"the Mao suit" v."big noses"

Question 64

Mikhail Gorbachev

A) was the well-placed son of the head of the state oil-refining corporation.
B) was picked for political leadership because of his record as a KGB data interpreter.
C) had moved up rapidly since his appointment to the Party Central Committee in 1978.
D) had spent many years in the gulag.
E) had supported Mao Zedong against Nikita Khrushchev.

Question 65

A factor that was not an element of Mikhail Gorbachev's policies was that

A) he wanted to establish an entirely free-market capitalist economy.
B) rigid, centralized planning had to be abandoned.
C) high technology development was insufficient.
D) Soviet living standards were considered much too low.
E) there was a need to restructure the economic system.

Question 66

Joseph Stalin

A) inaugurated a benevolent stage of governmental policy with his Stalingrad speech in 1946.
B) continued his reliance on the terror apparatus, including the holding of about 9,000,000 Soviet citizens in Siberian concentration camps.
C) named his protégé, Andrei Zhdanov, as his successor.
D) denounced Lenin at the Thirtieth Party Congress.
E) pursued a policy of peaceful coexistence with the West in 1948.

Question 67

Which of the following occurred when Nikita Khrushchev was in power?

A) the Berlin Airlift
B) the Afghanistan occupation
C) the enunciation of the Carter-Khrushchev Accord
D) the Twentieth National Congress speech
E) the Korean War

Question 68

Characteristic of Stalin's domestic policies after World War II was

A) the end of collectivization.
B) an emphasis on the growth of heavy industry.
C) an emphasis on consumer goods.
D) the imprisonment of two million returning soldiers, accused of "capitalist subversion."
E) exiling hundreds of thousands of former czarist officials.

Question 69

As an instrument of perestroika,glasnost allowed

A) the banning of many books.
B) criticism of the government and Soviet society generally.
C) the exclusion of Western culture from the Soviet Union.
D) the abandonment of political reforms.
E) the development of new airports in Siberia.

Question 70

Identify the following terms.
Ai Wei-wei

Question 71

In the early 1970s,

A) Ho Chi Minh was elected mayor of Saigon and, two years later, of Hong Kong.
B) Yuri Andropov made major changes in Soviet industrial management by giving top positions in the oil and transport industries to executives from Japan and the West.
C) Richard Nixon praised Mao Zedong's "mass line" system as not only effective but "as American as apple pie."
D) Stalin's reputation rose somewhat under Brezhnev's rule.
E) Lyndon Johnson ended the Vietnam War.

Question 72

Nikita Khrushchev

A) was determined to follow in Stalin's path, avoiding even the appearance of innovation.
B) was known as "old stone butt" by Western leaders.
C) was mocked as "Cottonman" by many Russians.
D) encouraged more freedom for writers.
E) praised Stalin at the Thirty-First Party Congress.

Question 73

Which of the following statements is not true of the Brezhnev years in the Soviet Union?

A) Khrushchev was forced into retirement.
B) As a result of détente, there was a freer and more relaxed domestic atmosphere.
C) The economic policies continued to de-emphasize consumer goods production.
D) Agricultural problems continued to cause many difficulties.
E) The ruling system had problems of gerontocracy.

Question 74

Which of the following was not characteristic of Soviet society during the Brezhnev years?

A) A more restrictive attitude toward dissidents.
B) An educational system focusing on rote memorization and political indoctrination.
C) Preventing the Soviet people from exposure to harmful foreign ideas, including rock music.
D) A restriction of free expression.
E) A disregard for law and order.

Question 75

During the late 1960s and the 1970s,

A) annual economic growth in the Soviet Union was between eight and eleven percent.
B) freedom of statement became much more common in the Soviet Union, shown by the awarding of literary prizes and pensions to Andrei Sakharov and Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
C) even Soviet airplane crashes and governmental scandals received tasteless and extensive press coverage under Brezhnev's "open society" policies.
D) the problems of economic stagnation and political and administrative gerontocracy were effectively ignored under Brezhnev.
E) the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution improved education and economic growth in China.

Question 76

Leonid Brezhnev

A) valued stability above all, blocking significant attempts to deal with economic/social problems.
B) greatly increased the funding for new agricultural areas in Kazakhstan and Mongolia.
C) sharply reduced the powers of the KGB and Interior Ministry.
D) was the first to finally break with Stalinism and to conciliate the Czech regime.
E) was a sincere admirer of the policies of Nikita Khrushchev.

Question 77

Identify the following terms.
Bai Hua's Bitter Love and MoYan's The Garlic Ballads and Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out

Question 78

The Soviet economy

A) grew rapidly in the heavy industry sector during the late 1940s and the early 1950s.
B) was, unlike the capitalist economies, devoted to raising the living standards of the poorest workers, the "toiling masses."
C) obtained capital for expansion from overseas governments and investors.
D) was overseen from Gosplan headquarters in the Lyubyanka building in Kharkov.
E) became consumer driven, thus eliminating black-market activity.

Question 79

After assuming control of the Soviet Union,Nikita Khrushchev's policies

A) became much more belligerent than they had been before he replaced Malenkov.
B) increased Stalinist repression and freed all political prisoners.
C) were characterized by a program of de-Stalinization and broader intellectual tolerance.
D) diminished the spirit of rebellion in the Soviet satellites by promising them complete independence in 1973.
E) placed less emphasis on the consumer aspects of the economy.

Question 80

At the close of World War II,the Soviet Union

A) had increased food production by tapping new, rich lands in Siberia and Turkmenistan.
B) under Stalin decided to provide a "socialist bonus" of more consumer goods for the masses by slowing the expansion of heavy industry.
C) had citizens who worked longer hours than before the war, ate less, and were ill-housed and poorly clothed.
D) sharply reduced military spending, but only after the surrender of Japan.
E) moved toward greater liberalization.