Deck 4: Physiological Psychology

Question 1

The study by Maguire et al. involved an MRI scan. MRI scans:

A)Show neural activity by measuring glucose metabolism in the brain
B)Show neural activity by measuring changes in blood oxygen in the brain
C)Map the structure of brain tissue by using strong magnetic fields on the participant
D)Map the structure of the brain by using radioactive markers in the blood
E)Map the structure of brain tissue by using x-rays

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The Maguire et al. study uses which kind of design?

A)A matched participants design
B)A case study design
C)A longitudinal design
D)An independent measures design
E)A repeated measures design

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The number of taxi drivers in the Maguire et al. study was:

A)6
B)16
C)10
D)26
E)60

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The hippocampal volume in the taxi drivers in the Maguire et al. study was:

A)Overall greater than the control group
B)Greater in the posterior hippocampus than the control group
C)Greater in the anterior right hippocampus than the control group
D)Greater in the anterior hippocampus than the control group
E)Overall smaller than the control group

Question 5

The results from the Maguire et al. study suggest that:

A)The posterior hippocampus seems to be related to previously learned spatial information
B)All of these
C)There is functional differentiation within the hippocampus
D)The anterior hippocampus may be involved in encoding new information
E)There is some local plasticity in the brain

Question 6

VBM stands for:

A)Voxel-based morphometry
B)Virus blasted mutants
C)Verbena-based morphography
D)Vocal biased mammography
E)Voxel-based morphography

Question 7

In a normal night's sleep, REM activity occurs:

A)Less frequently in the later hours of sleep
B)More frequently but in short periods in the later hours of sleep
C)More frequently and in longer periods in the later hours of sleep
D)Only in the later hours of sleep
E)Only in the earlier hours of sleep

Question 8

In Dement and Kleitman's study, the IV was:

A)Whether participants were woken during REM or NREM
B)Whether participants thought they had been dreaming for 5 or 15 minute
C)Whether participants could recall having dreamt or not
D)Description of dreams
E)The pattern of eye movement

Question 9

Which of the following did Dement and Kleitman not try to control in the study?

A)Age of the participant
B)Alcohol intake
C)Sleeping environment
D)Method of waking
E)Caffeine intake

Question 10

In Dement and Kleitman's study participants were woken on average per night:

A)5.7 times
B)5.3 times
C)4 times
D)4.7 times
E)4.3 times

Question 11

Which of the following occur during REM sleep?

A)All of these
B)Brain activity is heightened
C)Eye movements are quite active
D)Muscles are relaxed
E)Only two of these

Question 12

Which of the following statements about Dement and Kleitman's study is false?

A)Some participants had no eye movements even though they were in REM and were dreaming
B)The eye movements generally matched the content of the dream
C)Sometimes participants woken from NREM sleep could not recall a dream but could recall a mood or feeling
D)On some occasions participants woken from REM sleep did not recall dreaming
E)Participants found it very difficult returning to sleep after being woken

Question 13

In humans, the relationship between vision and processing in the brain is:

A)Information seen by the right eye is processed in the right hemisphere; and information seen by the left eye is connected to the left hemisphere only.
B)Information in the right visual field is processed in the left hemisphere; and the left visual field is processed in the right hemisphere
C)Information in the left visual field is processed in the left hemisphere; and the right visual field is processed in the right hemisphere
D)All visual processing takes place in the right hemisphere
E)Information seen by the right eye is processed in the left hemisphere; and information seen by the left eye is connected to the right hemisphere only

Question 14

Each participant in Sperry's study:

A)Had their corpus callosum cut in order to take part in this experiment
B)Had had their corpus callosum damaged from severe epilepsy
C)Had intact corpus callosum
D)Had suffered from split brain since birth
E)Had had their corpus callosum cut by an operation to treat epilepsy

Question 15

If a split brain patient is shown an image of a spoon in their left visual field (using Sperry's apparatus), what would the patient be able to do to show they had seen the picture?

A)Give no evidence that they had seen the picture whatsoever
B)Draw a picture of a spoon with their right hand
C)None of these
D)Pick up a spoon with their left hand
E)Say the word 'spoon'

Question 16

Which of the following is not true about the right hemisphere?

A)It cannot speak or write
B)It is often called the 'minor' hemisphere
C)It is dominant for spatial awareness
D)It has simple verbal comprehension
E)It houses the main language centres of the brain

Question 17

When an object is placed in the right hand of a split brain patient, the patient would:

A)Guess wildly about what is in their hand
B)Be able to describe the shape of the object, but not actually name it
C)Seem unaware they were holding anything
D)Say they could not feel anything
E)Name the object

Question 18

For split brain patients in their normal, everyday life, which of the following statements is not true?

A)Do not show any changes in personality and IQ
B)Cannot coordinate both sides of their body
C)Can share information between both hemispheres by moving eyes
D)Can share information between both hemispheres by saying something out loud
E)Appear to function quite normally, e.g. watch TV, read books etc.

Question 19

In a normal night's sleep, REM activity occurs:

A)Less frequently in the later hours of sleep
B)More frequently but in short periods in the later hours of sleep
C)More frequently and in longer periods in the later hours of sleep
D)Only in the later hours of sleep
E)Only in the earlier hours of sleep

Question 20

Which of the following statements about Dement and Kleitman's study is false?

A)Some participants had no eye movements even though they were in REM and were dreaming
B)The eye movements generally matched the content of the dream
C)Sometimes participants woken from NREM sleep could not recall a dream but could recall a mood or feeling
D)On some occasions participants woken from REM sleep did not recall dreaming
E)Participants found it very difficult returning to sleep after being woken

Question 21

The number of taxi drivers in the Maguire et al. study was:

A)6
B)10
C)16
D)26
E)60

Question 22

What evidence suggests that the differences between the taxi drivers and the controls in the Maguire et al. study was due to nurture rather than nature?

A)There was a correlation between right posterior hippocampal volume and driving experience
B)Taxi drivers' hippocampus was different to controls
C)Taxi drivers store a mental map of London
D)Controls also store mental maps
E)The body of the hippocampus was larger on the right than on the left for the controls

Question 23

VBM stands for:

A)Voxel-based morphography
B)Verbena-based morphography
C)Voxel-based morphometry
D)Virus blasted mutants
E)Vocal biased mammography

Question 24

In a normal night's sleep, REM activity occurs:

A)Less frequently in the later hours of sleep
B)More frequently but in short periods in the later hours of sleep
C)Only in the earlier hours of sleep
D)Only in the later hours of sleep
E)More frequently and in longer periods in the later hours of sleep

Question 25

In Dement and Kleitman's study, the IV was:

A)Description of dreams
B)Whether participants were woken during REM or NREM
C)The pattern of eye movement
D)Whether participants thought they had been dreaming for 5 or 15 minutes
E)Whether participants could recall having dreamt or not

Question 26

Which of the following did Dement and Kleitman not try to control in the study?

A)Method of waking
B)Caffeine intake
C)Sleeping environment
D)Age of the participant
E)Alcohol intake

Question 27

In Dement and Kleitman's study participants were woken on average per night:

A)4 times
B)5.7 times
C)4.3 times
D)5.3 times
E)4.7 times

Question 28

According to Dement and Kleitman, the reports of dreaming during NREM sleep:

A)Are probably just memories or 'leftovers' of dreams from the REM period a few minutes earlier
B)Shows that dreaming is strongly associated with NREM sleep
C)Could be explained by faulty EEG readings
D)Disproved their theory that dreaming always takes place during REM
E)Were because participants were confused and only occurred early on in the night

Question 29

Which of the following occur during REM sleep?

A)Muscles are relaxed
B)Eye movements are quite active
C)Brain activity is heightened
D)All of these
E)Only two of these

Question 30

Which of the following statements about Dement and Kleitman's study is false?

A)On some occasions participants woken from REM sleep did not recall dreaming
B)Participants found it very difficult returning to sleep after being woken
C)Sometimes participants woken from NREM sleep could not recall a dream but could recall a mood or feeling
D)The eye movements generally matched the content of the dream
E)Some participants had no eye movements even though they were in REM and were dreaming

Question 31

In humans, the relationship between vision and processing in the brain is:

A)Information seen by the right eye is processed in the right hemisphere; and information seen by the left eye is connected to the left hemisphere only.
B)Information in the left visual field is processed in the left hemisphere; and the right visual field is processed in the right hemisphere
C)Information seen by the right eye is processed in the left hemisphere; and information seen by the left eye is connected to the right hemisphere only
D)Information in the right visual field is processed in the left hemisphere; and the left visual field is processed in the right hemisphere
E)All visual processing takes place in the right hemisphere

Question 32

Each participant in Sperry's study:

A)Had had their corpus callosum cut by an operation to treat epilepsy
B)Had had their corpus callosum damaged from severe epilepsy
C)Had their corpus callosum cut in order to take part in this experiment
D)Had intact corpus callosum
E)Had suffered from split brain since birth

Question 33

If a split brain patient is shown an image of a spoon in their left visual field (using Sperry's apparatus), what would the patient be able to do to show they had seen the picture?

A)Draw a picture of a spoon with their right hand
B)Give no evidence that they had seen the picture whatsoever
C)Say the word 'spoon'
D)None of these
E)Pick up a spoon with their left hand

Question 34

Which of the following is not true about the right hemisphere?

A)It cannot speak or write
B)It houses the main language centres of the brain
C)It has simple verbal comprehension
D)It is dominant for spatial awareness
E)It is often called the 'minor' hemisphere

Question 35

When an object is placed in the right hand of a split brain patient, the patient would:

A)Seem unaware they were holding anything
B)Say they could not feel anything
C)Guess wildly about what is in their hand
D)Name the object
E)Be able to describe the shape of the object, but not actually name it

Question 36

For split brain patients in their normal, everyday life, which of the following statements is not true? They:

A)Cannot coordinate both sides of their body
B)Appear to function quite normally, e.g. watch TV, read books etc.
C)Can share information between both hemispheres by moving eyes
D)Can share information between both hemispheres by saying something out loud
E)Do not show any changes in personality and IQ

Question 37

Two main themes of biological psychology are:

A)Photosynthesis and the features of cells
B)The similarities and differences between animals and humans
C)The nervous system and the action of chemicals
D)The impact of other people and the way we learn
E)Doctors' views of psychology and the effects of psychosurgery

Question 38

Occasionally participants reported dreams when woken during non-REM sleep. This was because:

A)Being in a sleep lab induced dreaming when it normally would not occur
B)The data collected was faulty
C)They had recently had a REM period and the memory lingered briefly
D)There was no link between REM and dreaming
E)Some people dream during non-REM

Question 39

Dement and Kleitman's study is a quasi-experiment because:

A)The participants would have gone to sleep at home in their everyday lives
B)The study used self-report as well as experimental techniques
C)There were no different groups of participants
D)The participant being in REM or non-REM sleep was a naturally occurring dependent variable
E)The participant being in REM or non-REM sleep was a naturally occuring independent variable

Question 40

If prevented from sleeping, people have been shown to:

A)Become stubborn and irritable
B)Be very hungry and thirsty
C)Show greater empathy with others' problems
D)Hallucinate and make mistakes
E)Show sharpened perceptions

Question 41

The corpus callosum:

A)Carries communication between the two hemispheres of the brain
B)Links the amygdala and the cerebral cortex
C)Is disconnected in most people
D)Links the front part of the brain with the back
E)Carries thoughts driven by our instincts

Question 42

Sperry's participants were:

A)11 patients with epilepsy who had suffered accidental brain injury
B)11 patients with epilepsy who had had their corpus callosum cut
C)11 patients with epilepsy who had had a frontal lobotomy
D)31 patients with epilepsy who had had their corpus callosums cut
E)11 patients with epilepsy who agreed that Sperry could cut their corpus callosums

Question 43

The right brain hemisphere is responsible for:

A)All functioning from the left-hand side of the body
B)All functioning from the right-hand side of the body
C)The right visual field, the right side of the body, input from the left nostril
D)The right visual field, the left side of the body, input from the right nostril
E)The left visual field, the left side of the body, input from the right nostril

Question 44

When a word is flashed to the left visual field of a split-brain patient, he or she would:

A)Say they had not seen anything because the left visual field is very weak
B)Name it quickly and accurately
C)Say they had not seen anything because the image is processed in the right hemisphere which has no language
D)Say they had not seen anything because of an attention deficit
E)Name the wrong object

Question 45

The right hemisphere was superior to the left in terms of:

A)Simple arithmetic problems
B)Visual ability
C)Touch
D)Spatial awareness
E)Language

Question 46

Which one of these is NOT a finding of Dement and Kleitman's study?

A)REM periods occurred in a fairly regular cycle for each participant
B)REM periods lasted a mean time of 20 minutes
C)Some participants had no REM sleep
D)There was a high incidence of recall of dreaming when woken in REM sleep
E)Few dreams were recalled when woken in non-REM

Question 47

Dement and Kleitman's participants gave their data in a tape recorder. This was because:

A)It was easier for the experimenters as they could get a good night's sleep
B)The experimenters could not accidentally influence their answers
C)The participants spoke too fast to take notes
D)The participants were embarrassed to tell the experimenters their dreams directly
E)The experimenters wanted to test their recording equipment

Question 48

The case of Phineas Gage shows that:

A)Personality resides purely in the brain
B)The brain can survive a surprising amount of trauma and still function
C)Personality is entirely separate from the brain
D)The effects of his injury were virtually undetectable
E)People are prejudiced against those who suffer a brain injury

Question 49

The Knowledge' is:

A)A test that people from outside London have to sit before they can drive in London
B)A test of knowledge about the brain
C)What you need to know about psychology for A-Level
D)A rigorous test of knowledge of the London area undergone by taxi drivers
E)A test that Londoners are required to pass before they can get their driving licence

Question 50

HM had retrograde amnesia. This means he:

A)Could not recognise faces
B)Could not remember how to put his clothes on
C)Could not remember the few weeks before his operation
D)Could not remember anything about his past
E)Could not store new information

Question 51

Which of the following is true?

A)Everyone has two hippocampi, each made up of the anterior, body, and posterior parts
B)Everyone has one hippocampus, made up of the anterior, body, and posterior parts
C)Everyone has two hippocampi, each made up of seven sections
D)Everyone has two hippocampi in one hemisphere of the brain
E)Everyone has one hippocampus which sits half way between the two hemispheres

Question 52

Grey matter is:

A)Only on the brain surface
B)Associated with higher order thinking
C)Only deep inside the brain
D)Associated with the memory
E)Associated with reading ability

Question 53

Maguire's participants were:

A)16 male London taxi drivers aged between 20 and 50 years
B)16 male London taxi drivers, either right or left handed
C)16 male and female London taxi drivers
D)106 male, right-handed London taxi drivers aged between 32 and 62 years
E)16 male, right-handed London taxi drivers aged between 32 and 62 years

Question 54

Differences observed in the brains of taxi drivers compared with non-taxi drivers are:

A)Non-taxi drivers had more white matter overall
B)Taxi drivers had one hippocampus bigger than the other
C)Taxi drivers had bigger brains overall
D)Taxi drivers had increased grey matter in the hippocampi
E)Non-taxi drivers had increased grey matter in the hippocampi

Question 55

What are the characteristics of REM sleep?

A)Rapid eye movements, paralysis, dreaming and fast EEG pattern
B)Rapid eye movements, jerky movements, dreaming and slow EEG pattern
C)Reduced eye movements, paralysis, dreaming and fast EEG pattern
D)Rapid eye movements, slowed heart rate, no dreams
E)Rapid eye movements, sensation of falling, dreaming, medium EEG pattern

Question 56

In Sperry's experimental set up, the images were flashed only for 0.01 of a second. This is because:

A)Otherwise the participants may not pay attention
B)Longer times would give participants time to ask questions
C)Longer times would give the participants too much time to think
D)Sperry was testing reaction times
E)Otherwise the participant could move their eyes and send the information to both hemispheres