Deck 1: Psychological Investigations

Question 1

Researchers watch children in their own playgroup. Their behaviour is coded for whether they play with a toy that stereotypically matches their gender (e.g. a girl plays with a doll) or whether they play with a toy with does not 'match' their gender (e.g. boy plays with toy cooker) This study is an example of:

A)Laboratory experiment Incorrect
B)Survey
C)Naturalistic observation
D)Natural experiment
E)Field experiment

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Researchers time how long it takes participants to complete a complex jigsaw task in a laboratory. In one condition participants are subjected to very loud noise; in the other condition there is normal background noise only. This study is an example of:

A)Laboratory experiment
B)Correlational study
C)Controlled observation
D)Field experiment
E)Natural experiment

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Researchers look at school data and the relationship between pupils' number of days of absence and GCSE grades at the end of Year 11. This is an example of a:

A)Correlational study
B)Naturalistic observation
C)Natural experiment
D)Self-report study
E)Field experiment

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Researchers want to find out how parents feel when their children leave home to go to university. They send out a questionnaire and interview some parents in greater depth. This is an example of a:

A)Self-report study
B)Field experiment
C)Naturalistic observation
D)Natural experiment
E)Correlational study

Question 5

Two ways of sampling observational data are:

A)Opportunity sampling and event sampling
B)Time sampling and event sampling
C)Pilot sampling and content sampling
D)Quota sampling and category sampling
E)Event sampling and quota sampling

Question 6

Participant observation involves

A)Researchers being both the observer and becoming a participant
B)None of these answer
C)A participant observing their own behaviour
D)Researchers observing participants in their normal surroundings
E)Collecting data from places such as newspapers and 'Facebook'

Question 7

Which of the following is not an advantage of self-report measures?

A)None of these answers
B)Participants can record the reasons for their actions
C)It is possible to collect qualitative as well as quantitative data
D)It is possible for participants to exaggerate
E)Researchers can access participants' beliefs

Question 8

Which of the following is a way of measuring the reliability of a questionnaire?

A)Using a checklist
B)Increasing the inter-rater reliability
C)Time sampling
D)Test-retest method
E)Correlating the participants' test scores with another measure of the same thing

Question 9

Which of the following is a way of measuring the validity of a questionnaire?

A)Test-retest method
B)Event sampling
C)Using a checklist
D)Time sampling
E)Correlating the participants' test scores with another measure of the same thing

Question 10

In an experiment, if participants participate in both conditions, this design is called:

A)Matched pairs
B)Test-retest
C)Reliability measures
D)Independent measures
E)Repeated measures

Question 11

In an experiment with two conditions, if participants participate in only one condition (to which they are randomly allocated), this design is called:

A)Repeated measures
B)Matched pairs
C)Two-tailed
D)Paired-measures
E)Independent measures

Question 12

A researcher recruits her participants by placing an advert in a newspaper asking for males aged between 20 and 30. The sample she gets will be called a:

A)Stratified sample
B)Snowball sample
C)Random sample
D)Volunteer sample
E)Quota sample

Question 13

A researcher, Tim, wants to find out whether there are any differences in employees' motivation in different departments of a large company. He puts all the employees' names into a hat and selects the first 50 names he picks out. This sample is called a:

A)Systematic sample
B)Opportunity sample
C)Random sample
D)Stratified sample
E)Quota sample

Question 14

A researcher, Tim, wants to find out whether there are any differences in employees' motivation in different departments of a large company. He uses a random sampling method. Which of the following might be a problem with using this method for his particular study?

A)There might be too many people in the sample
B)It might not be generalisable
C)It might not be representative
D)He might not pick out any employees from some departments
E)There might be too few people in the sample

Question 15

Bob wants to research levels of stress and frustration people experience when waiting while being in a phone queue. In particular, he is interested in whether classical music or R&B music makes people more or less stressed. He measures their stress by monitoring their heart rate. In this study, the IV and DV are:

A)IV - type of music; DV - stress as measured by heart rate
B)IV - classical music; DV - R&B music
C)IV - type of music; DV - the participants
D)IV - R&B music; DV - classical music
E)IV - stress as measured by heart rate; DV - type of music

Question 16

Bob writes a hypothesis for his study: 'Participants in the classical condition will experience less stress than those in the R&B condition'. This is best described as:

A)An alternate hypothesis
B)A null hypothesis
C)A one-tailed alternate hypothesis
D)A two-tailed alternate hypothesis
E)An aim

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a participant variable?

A)Investigator bias
B)Temperature
C)Time of day
D)Intelligence
E)Noise

Question 18

Counterbalancing is:

A)A way of controlling for order effects in repeated measures design
B)A way of analysing data from a repeated measures design
C)A way of allocating participants to groups in a matched pairs design
D)A way of allocating participants to groups in an independent measures design
E)A way of controlling for situational variables in a field study

Question 19

Double blind is:

A)A type of one-way mirror to allow participants to be observed unseen
B)When participants do not know which condition they are in
C)None of these answers
D)When neither participants nor experimenters know which condition the participant is in
E)A way of controlling for order effects in repeated measures design

Question 20

A researcher finds that there is a significant positive correlation between how much money a person earns and self-esteem scores. What would be a valid conclusion that you can draw from this?

A)Having high self-esteem makes you more likely to get a better-paid job
B)Having a low salary makes you feel bad about yourself
C)All of these answers
D)Having a high salary makes you feel better about yourself
E)People with higher salaries have higher self-esteem