Question 1

According to various authors, the main actions for the progressive growth of sports participation among all population groups started in the 1970s, in particular with the approval of the:&#10;A) European Sport for All Charter (Council of Europe)&#10;B) International Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport (UNESCO)&#10;C) European Sports Charter (Council of Europe)&#10;D) White Paper on Sport (European Commission)

Accepted Answer

The European Sport for All Charter was approved by the Council of Europe in 1975, marking a significant step towards promoting sports participation among all population groups.

Question 2

One of the next sentences is false according to what suggests the mainstream sports participation literature at international level:&#10;A) Males are considerably more likely to take part in sport than females&#10;B) Sport participation rates decline with age&#10;C) The migration background has a positive impact on sport participation rates&#10;D) Individuals with higher income and educational background are more likely to participate in sport

Accepted Answer

The mainstream sports participation literature suggests that individuals with a migration background have lower participation rates due to social and cultural barriers, such as language difficulties and lack of access to facilities. Males are generally more likely to participate in sport than females, participation rates do decline with age, and individuals with higher income and education are more likely to participate in sport.

Question 3

Promoting policies and programmes to increase sports participation rates as well as to facilitate equality of access and opportunity to mass participation sport and particularly for those valued as traditional 'priority groups' has been one of the key strategic objectives of:

A) Any sport policy from macro level (central government) to meso level (regional government)
B) Any sport policy from macro level (central government) to micro level (local government and sports governing bodies)
C) Any sport policy at regional level (regional government)
D) Any sport policy at micro level (local government and sports governing bodies)

B

Accepted Answer

The promotion of policies and programmes to increase sports participation rates and facilitate equality of access and opportunity to mass participation sport for traditionally marginalized groups is a strategic objective across all levels of sport policy. However, it is most likely to be implemented at the macro to micro level, where the central government, regional government, and sports governing bodies are involved in developing and implementing these policies and programmes. Local governments also play a crucial role in the implementation of these policies and programmes, which is why the best choice is B.

Question 4

Empirical evidence has shown that over the long term the single most important variable that determines the economic health of the sport market is precisely the level of:&#10;A) The sport culture of the country&#10;B) Presence of Physical Education in school&#10;C) Equipment and facilities in the cities&#10;D) Sports participation rates

Accepted Answer

Empirical evidence has consistently shown that the level of sports participation rates is the most crucial variable for the economic health of the sports market. This is because participation rates drive demand for sports products, increase fan identification with teams and players, and generate revenue streams for the sports industry through merchandise, ticket sales, and broadcasting rights. In contrast, the presence of physical education in schools or the availability of equipment and facilities can enhance participation rates but do not directly impact the economic performance of the sports market. Similarly, while sport culture can affect fan behavior and preferences, it is not a sufficient condition for sustained economic growth in the sports industry.

Question 5

One of the next sentences does not contain one of the three fundamentals that are crucial to understand the current status and future of Sport for All philosophy&#10;A) The social awareness that physical activity is a key element of a healthy life&#10;B) The benefits of daily physical activity for the young and its effectiveness at increasing physical activity levels for children&#10;C) The widespread consideration of access to sport from a human rights perspective which led to a substantial body of international legislations, treaties and declarations to promote sporting access for all people&#10;D) The increase in sports participation regarded as a common international trend that different surveys and studies continue to show in the early part of the twenty-first century

Accepted Answer

This sentence talks about the increase in sports participation as a common international trend in the early part of the twenty-first century, but it does not mention any of the three crucial fundamentals of the Sport for All philosophy.

Question 6

The three Eurobarometers focused on physical activity and sports participation among the inhabitants of the EU members carried out by the European Commission in 2004, 2010 and 2014 can be considered examples of a:

A) National data approach
B) Cross-national comparison approach
C) Harmonised data approach
D) International comparative research with macro level factors

Accepted Answer

The three Eurobarometers focused on physical activity and sports participation among the inhabitants of the EU members carried out by the European Commission in 2004, 2010 and 2014 can be considered examples of a harmonised data approach, since the surveys were conducted using the same methodology, definitions, and measurement instruments across different countries and time periods. This approach allows for cross-national comparisons of trends and patterns in physical activity and sports participation, as well as the identification of factors that influence these behaviors, without being hindered by differences in data collection and analysis methods.

Question 7

Which of the following could be considered to be a principle of good practice for sport for development projects?&#10;A) Empower local organisations and include in all aspects as part of a bottom up approach&#10;B) Implementing top down policy&#10;C) Improving performance at elite competition&#10;D) Focus on single entity delivery

Accepted Answer

Empowering local organizations and including them in all aspects is a principle of good practice for sport for development projects. This approach is known as a bottom-up approach and it ensures that local communities are actively involved in the project design and implementation, which increases the likelihood of sustainability and community ownership. Implementing top-down policies, focusing on single entity delivery, and improving performance at elite competitions are not necessarily principles of good practice for sport for development projects.

Question 8

Which of the following factors influence the ability to achieve intended outcomes in sport for development programmes?&#10;A) Context&#10;B) Technical ability&#10;C) Rules of the sport&#10;D) Equipment

Accepted Answer

Context refers to the social, cultural, economic, and political environment in which a sport for development programme is implemented. It can have a significant impact on the ability to achieve intended outcomes, as it can influence factors such as access to resources, participation rates, and the effectiveness of interventions.

Question 9

Which of the following was a key guiding document for the sport for development sector?&#10;A) White Paper on Sport&#10;B) Green Paper on Physical Activity&#10;C) Green Paper on performance Sport&#10;D) White Paper on sports careers

Accepted Answer

The White Paper on Sport, published by the UK government in 2000, was a key guiding document for the sport for development sector, providing a framework for the use of sport as a tool for social and economic development. The other options are not directly related to the sport for development sector or were not as influential in shaping its development.

Question 10

Which of the following could be used as a description sport for development?&#10;A) Coaching to improve technical ability&#10;B) Elite coaching&#10;C) Sport used to tackle development objectives&#10;D) Sports development

Accepted Answer

Sport for development refers to the use of sport as a tool to achieve development goals, such as promoting health, education, gender equality, social inclusion, and economic development. Coaching and elite coaching are focused on improving performance in sport, while sports development generally refers to the growth and management of sport at various levels.

Question 11

What were Coalter's two models of sport for development?&#10;A) Sport equal and Equal sport&#10;B) Sport plus and Plus sport&#10;C) Sport and Development&#10;D) Sports development and Sport for development

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were Coalter's two models of sport...

Deck 4: Sport for Development: Whats in a Name and Managing Sporting Access and Participation: an International Perspective