Question 1

The process of specifying the meaning of the terms in the evaluation is known as:&#10;A) Definition&#10;B) Conceptualization&#10;C) Goal&#10;D) Indicator

Accepted Answer

Conceptualization is the process of defining and clarifying the meaning of the terms used in the evaluation. This is an important step in ensuring that everyone involved in the evaluation understands what is being measured and how it will be measured. Option A, definition, is related but more specific, and refers to the act of providing explicit and precise explanations for terms used. Options C and D are not directly related to the process of specifying the meaning of terms in an evaluation. Goal refers to the desired end result, while indicator refers to the specific measure or tool used to track progress towards that goal.

Question 2

Which of the following signals the process or absence of the concept being studied?&#10;A) Definition&#10;B) Conceptualization&#10;C) Goal&#10;D) Indicator

Accepted Answer

An indicator is a sign or signal that reflects the presence or absence of the concept being studied. It is used to measure or observe the concept through observable or measurable events, behaviors, or characteristics. A definition is the explanation or meaning of a concept or term. Conceptualization refers to the process of defining or clarifying a concept and developing a conceptual framework for studying it. A goal is an objective or aim of a study or research project.

Question 3

Which of the following uses social indicators to help outline the need to be addressed?&#10;A) Process&#10;B) Impact&#10;C) Needs&#10;D) Theory-driven

Accepted Answer

Needs assessment is the process of identifying and prioritizing areas of concern or potential problems in a targeted population. Social indicators, such as poverty rates or unemployment rates, can help to identify areas of need and guide the development of interventions. Process refers to the steps taken to implement an intervention, impact refers to the effects of the intervention, and theory-driven refers to interventions that are based on established theories or models.

Question 4

Which of the following involve indicators of implementation?&#10;A) Process&#10;B) Impact&#10;C) Needs&#10;D) Theory-driven

Accepted Answer

Indicators of implementation are focused on measuring whether a program or intervention was executed as intended. Process indicators are the most commonly used implementation indicators and can provide information on whether the program adhered to its intended design, if it was implemented on schedule, if the target population was reached, and if the program was delivered with fidelity. Impact indicators (B) measure the outcomes or effects of a program, needs (C) refer to the issues or problems a program aims to address, and theory-driven indicators (D) focus on the underlying theories or assumptions that guide a program.

Question 5

Which of the following involve indicators of success or failure of the program?&#10;A) Process&#10;B) Impact&#10;C) Needs&#10;D) Theory-driven

Accepted Answer

Impact evaluation involves measuring the indicators of success or failure of a program. Process evaluation looks at how the program was implemented, needs assessment identifies the needs of the community and theory-driven evaluation focuses on testing the underlying assumptions and theories behind the program.

Question 6

Which measurement level allows an evaluator to name the characteristics or attributes but also provide some rank order?&#10;A) Ordinal&#10;B) Ratio&#10;C) Interval&#10;D) Nominal

Accepted Answer

Ordinal measurement level allows for the naming and categorization of attributes, but also allows for rank ordering of those attributes. This would be helpful for evaluators who need to make comparisons or judgments between different attributes or characteristics. Ratio measurement level is not necessary for this purpose, as it involves a true zero point and comparisons based on ratios. Interval measurement level also allows for rank ordering, but lacks a true zero point, making it less precise in its measurements. Nominal measurement level only allows for naming and categorizing attributes, without any rank ordering.

Question 7

Which measurement level has all of the attributes of the ordinal level and also allows the distance between any two numbers on the scale to be a known size?&#10;A) Ordinal&#10;B) Ratio&#10;C) Interval&#10;D) Nominal

Accepted Answer

The interval measurement level has all of the attributes of the ordinal level (i.e. the ability to order or rank items) and the added feature of a known and equal distance between any two numbers on the scale. The ratio measurement level has all the attributes of the interval level, but with a true zero point (such as weight, where zero means an absence of weight), which enables multiplication and division operations. However, the question specifically mentions the "distance between any two numbers" which rules out the ratio level since it does not necessarily have a consistent distance between all numbers on the scale. The nominal measurement level only allows for categorization without any meaningful order or distance between categories.

Question 8

Which measurement level has all of the attributes of the interval level, but it also has a true zero point?&#10;A) Ordinal&#10;B) Ratio&#10;C) Interval&#10;D) Nominal

Accepted Answer

The ratio level has all the attributes of the interval level, such as equal intervals between values and a meaningful order of values, but it also has a true zero point, which represents absence of the property being measured. This allows for the interpretation of ratios and meaningful statements such as one value being twice or half of another. The other options do not have a true zero point.

Question 9

Which of the following is the determination of whether the items are behaving in the manner that they should be behaving?&#10;A) Validity&#10;B) Theory&#10;C) Measurement&#10;D) Reliability

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

Question 10

Which of the following is at risk if the evaluator's measure is capturing the entire content of domain or dimensions of a concept?&#10;A) Objective validity&#10;B) Construct validity&#10;C) Content validity&#10;D) Face validity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is at risk...

Question 11

Which of the following is concerned with whether measures are consistent with common agreements or images of a concept?&#10;A) Objective validity&#10;B) Construct validity&#10;C) Content validity&#10;D) Face validity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is concerned with...

Question 12

Which of the following is concerned with the relationships among the variables?&#10;A) Objective validity&#10;B) Construct validity&#10;C) Content validity&#10;D) Face validity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is concerned with...

Question 13

Which of the following is able to compare differences between two groups?&#10;A) Regression&#10;B) T-test&#10;C) Correlation&#10;D) Chi-square

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is able to...

Question 14

Which statistical tool provides an approach for testing the significance between categorical levels of data?&#10;A) Regression&#10;B) T-test&#10;C) Correlation&#10;D) Chi-square

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statistical tool provides an approach for...

Question 15

Which of the following measures the degree to which two or more variables are associated?&#10;A) Regression&#10;B) T-test&#10;C) Correlation&#10;D) Chi-square

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following measures the degree...

Question 16

Which of the following provides the evaluator with an opportunity to predict the outcome of a relationship with an interval-level dependent variable and one or more independent variables?&#10;A) Regression&#10;B) T-test&#10;C) Correlation&#10;D) Chi-square

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following provides the evaluator...

Question 17

In the ________________, the frequencies or means are plotted on the vertical axis and the values for the attributes are placed on the horizontal axis.&#10;A) Regression model&#10;B) Bar Chart&#10;C) Pie Chart&#10;D) Line Graph

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the ________________, the frequencies or means...

Question 18

It is important to understand that a concept is an abstraction from reality that cannot be seen, but is present.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is important to understand that a...

Question 19

When using ordinal level data, the numbers classify the characteristics of the operational definition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When using ordinal level data, the numbers...

Question 20

When an evaluator is using nominal level data it allows the evaluator to be able to group data in a way that indicates if some data contain more or less information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an evaluator is using nominal level...

Question 21

The zero point allows the evaluator to calculate and state the ratio between any two values on a scale.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The zero point allows the evaluator to...

Question 22

Normally distributed data can never be graphically presented as a bell curve.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Normally distributed data can never be graphically...

Question 23

Statistics are not &#34;magical,&#34; or come with all of the answers, but statistics are tools that provide information to aid decision making.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Statistics are not &#34;magical,&#34; or come with...

Question 24

The mode is the average score in the distribution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The mode is the average score in...

Question 25

The mean is the number of data that occurs most frequently.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The mean is the number of data...

Question 26

The median is the midpoint or middle of the data distribution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The median is the midpoint or middle...

Question 27

The variance is the mean of the sum of all squared deviations from the mean of any distributed scores.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The variance is the mean of the...

Question 28

The standard deviation is the same value for all data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The standard deviation is the same value...

Question 29

A pie chart provides a picture of a 360-degree circle that represents the percentages of the data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pie chart provides a picture of...

Question 30

A line graph is used to represent nominal-level and ordinal level data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A line graph is used to represent...

Question 31

A bar chart describes numerical data with a dot where each attribute represents the frequency or mean.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A bar chart describes numerical data with...

Question 32

Hypothesis testing is the crucial element of inferential statistics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hypothesis testing is the crucial element of...

Deck 8: Measurement and Data Analysis