Deck 3: The Criminal Justice System

Question 1

This is the type of law that defines harmful acts as crimes and specifies possible punishments.

A) Substantive criminal law
B) Procedural criminal law
C) Civil law
D) Administrative law

Answer 1

A

Question 2

This is the type of law that specifies the rules of due process that must be followed by criminal justice agencies as they process someone through the system.

A) Substantive criminal law
B) Procedural criminal law
C) Civil law
D) Administrative law

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines some crimes as serious because they:

A) They occur a lot
B) They cause a lot of harm against property
C) They cause a lot of harm against people
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A crime not defined as serious by the FBI occurs when theft of money or property occurs through trickery or false pretenses. This is called:

A) Embezzlement
B) Fraud
C) Forgery
D) Blackmail

Question 5

This is the term for crimes committed by an organization incorporated to achieve some outcome (e.g., building a road, manufacturing a product):

A) White-collar crime
B) Corporate crime
C) Street crime
D) None of the above

Question 6

This is the term for crimes committed by crimes committed by people during the course of their job (e.g., embezzling money from a company):

A) White-collar crime
B) Corporate crime
C) Street crime
D) None of the above

Question 7

According to your text, this is the minimum lost due to white-collar and corporate crimes every year.

A) $10 billion
B) $100 billion
C) $1 trillion
D) $10 trillion

Question 8

The most common violent crime is:

A) Simple assault
B) Aggravated assault
C) Sexual assault
D) None of the above

Question 9

One form of culpability for criminal behavior occurs when a person harms another on purpose. Such a crime would be committed:

A) Recklessly
B) Negligently
C) Intentionally
D) Knowingly

Question 10

Another form of culpability for criminal behavior occurs when a person harms another by doing something carelessly or without regard to human life or property. Such a crime would be committed:

A) Recklessly
B) Negligently
C) Intentionally
D) Knowingly

Question 11

Another form of culpability for criminal behavior occurs when a person harms another by failing to do expected of him or her. Such a crime would be committed:

A) Recklessly
B) Negligently
C) Intentionally
D) Knowingly

Question 12

This is a role of policing that involves investigating alleged crimes and making arrests.

A) Law enforcer
B) Peace preserver
C) Service provider
D) Rights protector

Question 13

This is a role of policing that involves helping people by doing things like referring people to counseling when they need it.

A) Law enforcer
B) Peace preserver
C) Service provider
D) Rights protector

Question 14

Which role of policing is most consistent with definitions of social justice posited in the book?

A) Law enforcer
B) Peace preserver
C) Service provider
D) Rights protector

Question 15

Approximately what percentage of police officers in the US are focused on white-collar and corporate crime?

A) 50%
B) 20%
C) About 10%
D) Less than 5%

Question 16

Using race or ethnicity as a sign of potential trouble-making behavior or dangerousness is called:

A) Ethnic cleansing
B) Biased law enforcement
C) Racial profiling
D) All of the above

Question 17

A type of discrimination that occurs within some contexts of criminal justice, or only in some places, is called:

A) Individual discrimination
B) Contextual discrimination
C) Systematic discrimination
D) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the courts, according to your text?

A) In some places, race and ethnicity impact pre-trial decision-making
B) African Americans and Hispanics are treated more harshly than whites for some crimes
C) African Americans are often denied the chance to serve on juries through peremptory challenges
D) All of the above

Question 19

The broader term for jails and prisons where offenders are housed to serve their sentences is:

A) Community corrections
B) Institutional corrections
C) Intermediate corrections
D) None of the above

Question 20

According to the text, this is the primary goal of correctional punishment today:

A) General deterrence
B) Specific deterrence
C) Incapacitation
D) Rehabilitation

Question 21

The criminal law is ideally aimed at goals consistent with social justice,

A) and it tends to serve the people well, by criminalizing the greatest threats to us
B) but it tends to define the harmful acts of the powerless rather than the greatest threats to us
C) yet it is fundamentally flawed because it serves only the interests of the poor
D) None of the above

Question 22

A recent study of American law lead to the conclusion that the US is a(n)

A) Democracy
B) Oligarchy
C) Autocracy
D) Theocracy

Question 23

According to the authors of your text, American policing is not consistent with utilitarianism because:

A) Police are overly harsh on minor offenders
B) Police ignore the harmful acts of the powerful
C) Policing results in unequal and thus unjust outcomes
D) All of the above

Question 24

A major problem with plea bargaining is:

A) Plea bargaining often results in unequal outcomes
B) Plea bargaining leads to too much punishment for those innocent people who plead guilty
C) Plea bargaining leads to too little punishment for those guilty people who plead guilty
D) All of the above

Question 25

The analysis of capital punishment in the text found evidence that the death penalty is characterized by this type of discrimination:

A) Individual discrimination
B) Contextual discrimination
C) Systematic discrimination
D) None of the above

Question 26

Losing rights due to a criminal conviction that interfere with the ability of citizens to vote and work is often referred to as

Question 27

__________are used by courts to produce fair sentences based on legal variables such as offense seriousness and prior record rather than extra-legal factors such as race and gender.-------------------------------

Question 28

The __________refer to losses suffered by inmates in prisons, including loss of freedom, but also being subjected to violence, sexual harassment and assault, and similar negative treatments by both other inmates and guards.

Question 29

_________________is the role in policing where police engage in various activities to stop crime before it occurs.

Question 30

The term __________is used in the courts to point out that only the top layer of cases-the most serious-are likely to lead to criminal trial.

Question 31

In what ways is criminal justice practice consistent with social justice? Use examples.

Question 32

In what ways is criminal justice practice inconsistent with social justice? Use examples.