Deck 7: Native Americans and Social Justice

Question 1

The term ___________ was first used to incorrectly label the natives because the explorers had thought that they had finally found the Indies.

A) Native Americans
B) American Indians
C) Cherokee
D) Apache

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Native Americans fell victim to __________, which decimated the population and reduced the natives to about 600,000 in 1800.

A) Measles
B) Smallpox
C) Influenza
D) All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Europeans used Social Darwinism to justify the treatment of the Native Americans, taking the devastation of the native population by European diseases as proof that _____________.

A) Natives were biologically inferior to the Europeans
B) Europeans were biologically inferior to the natives
C) Native Americans were superior to the Europeans
D) The native ways of life and their existence had intrinsic value

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The use of social violence and other tactics intended to deculturate a group of people and resocialize them to values of the dominant group is referred to as what?

A) Genocide
B) Ethnocide
C) Social Darwinism
D) Colonialism

Question 5

Which of the following is not true?

A) Some European commodities changed the Native American way of life for the better.
B) Due to the introduction of horses by the Spanish, the Native Americans became better hunters and more adept at travel.
C) Native Americans were too trusting and too unsophisticated to defend themselves against the invading Europeans.
D) The introduction of European diseases did more damage to the Native American people than guns and warfare ever could have.

Question 6

In its simplest form, restorative justice includes ___________, before ultimately reintegrating the offender back into the community.

A) Mediation
B) Reparations
C) Acceptance of responsibility by lawbreakers
D) All of the above

Question 7

The invasion and takeover of the political authority of a geographic area and its inhabitants by outsiders is referred to as what?

A) Genocide
B) Ethnocide
C) Social Darwinism
D) Colonialism

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the first historical period in relations with Native Americans?

A) Native Americans and the colonists lived together in an uncooperative manner.
B) The colonists were perceived as a threat to the natives.
C) The colonists engaged in hostile interactions with the tribes.
D) The settlers made a temporary peace with some of the tribes and in turn, learned valuable skills.

Question 9

Which of the following is consistent with the rationale of the anti-Indian Movement, according to Jimson (1992)?

A) Natives could not use the land like Anglos, so they had no right to it.
B) Natives had no civilizations, so they had no right to their own political institutions.
C) Natives' lives were not worth that of an Anglo, so they had no right to life.
D) All of the above

Question 10

The treatment of the native peoples of the Americas might be justified by which of the following?

A) Utilitarianism
B) Libertarianism
C) Egalitarianism
D) None of the above

Question 11

The concept of _____________ refers to the doctrine that Europeans had the God-given right and indeed, the duty to expand their territory and cultural influence throughout North America.

A) Manifest Destiny
B) Social Darwinism
C) Assimilation
D) Colonialism

Question 12

__________ is the process by which a group of people adopt the social and psychological characteristics of the dominant group.

A) Manifest Destiny
B) Social Darwinism
C) Assimilation
D) Colonialism

Question 13

Which of the following granted the federal government jurisdiction over non-Native Americans for crimes they committed on tribal lands, as well as the right to try Native Americans for certain offenses committed against non-Native Americans?

A) Assimilated Crimes Act of 1825
B) Major Crimes Act of 1885
C) Federal Enclaves Act
D) Doctrine of Discovery

Question 14

The ___________ asserts that the federal government must be involved in all land exchanges involving Native American tribes.

A) Assimilated Crimes Act of 1825
B) Major Crimes Act of 1885
C) Federal Enclaves Act
D) Doctrine of Discovery

Question 15

The _________ states that Congress is recognized as having the power to "regulate commerce with foreign Nations and among the several states and with the Indian tribes."

A) Assimilated Crimes Act of 1825
B) Indian Commerce Clause
C) Federal Enclaves Act
D) Doctrine of Discovery

Question 16

The resettlement of Native American tribes across the Mississippi River became known as _____________.

A) Manifest Destiny
B) The Trail of Tears
C) Assimilation
D) Colonialism

Question 17

Which of the following granted the federal government primary jurisdiction over certain felonies committed in tribal lands and included crimes by one Native American against another?

A) Assimilated Crimes Act of 1825
B) Major Crimes Act of 1885
C) Federal Enclaves Act
D) Doctrine of Discovery

Question 18

The third period of significance in relations with Native Americans, which occurred between 1887 and 1928, was punctuated by what?

A) Land allotment and assimilation
B) Removal and relocation of Native American tribes
C) Native American reorganization
D) Self-determination

Question 19

In order to hasten the merger of the natives into the dominant American society, Congress granted United States citizenship to all Native Americans through the ______________.

A) General Allotment Act
B) Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
C) Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968
D) Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

Question 20

Which of the following is true of the Meriam Report?

A) It outlined the standard living conditions on most reservations.
B) It brought to light that the legislative and policy changes enacted by the federal government had negatively affected the quality of life of the Native Americans.
C) It outlined the need for more funding and called for the end of the allotment policies.
D) All of the above

Question 21

The __________ was the first step towards the creation of tribal courts, Native American law enforcement agencies, and tribal legislative bodies.

A) General Allotment Act
B) Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
C) Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968
D) Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

Question 22

The push to rediscover and reinstitute cultural traditions, ceremonies, languages, and social structures that were damaged as a result of colonization is referred to as what?

A) Self-determination
B) Positive legislation
C) Cultural revitalization
D) None of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of positive legislation brought about by the American Indian Movement?

A) The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975
B) The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978
C) The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988
D) All of the above

Question 24

Which of the following is not an explanation as to why Native American issues and offenders are far less studied than the other minority populations?

A) Native populations are not included in the immigration discussion that has gripped the national stage.
B) Almost all of the research that we have regarding Native American offending and incarceration is for offenses that fall under the federal government's jurisdiction.
C) Native Americans comprise a larger percentage of the population than do blacks and Latinos.
D) It is difficult to gain access to data that reveals what the offending, victimization, and conviction rates are of tribal members on tribal lands.

Question 25

Which of the following is a result of the Tribal Law and Order Act?

A) Offenders sentenced in tribal courts can now be housed in a federal facility at the federal government's expense.
B) The Federal Bureau of Prisons must now notify tribal authorities when an inmate convicted of a violent crime, drug trafficking, or a sex offense is released onto tribal lands.
C) It grants additional tools to tribal law enforcement by providing them access to the National Crime Information Center.
D) All of the above

Question 26

___________ refers to the explicit violence intended for the eradication of a group of people.

Question 27

The Cherokee filed suit against Georgia in federal court to prevent them from encroaching upon lands that were guaranteed under the ________________.

Question 28

The ___________ effectively reduced tribal lands from 138 million acres to 48 million acres.

Question 29

The gains of the Indian Civil Rights Act provided fuel for a secondary movement, the _______________, in the late 1960s.

Question 30

The ___________________ was passed to grant tribal courts a broader range of sentencing options.

Question 31

What were the exceptions to the Federal Enclaves Act?

Question 32

Briefly discuss the three Supreme Court cases of the Marshall Trilogy.

Question 33

Briefly define each of the five historical periods in relations with Native Americans.