Deck 5: Race, Ethnicity, and Social Justice

Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding minority groups?

A) Minority groups are determined by what percentage of society they comprise.
B) Minority groups have significantly less power or privilege than members of the dominant or majority group.
C) Minority groups have significantly more power or privilege than members of the dominant or majority group.
D) None of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When different subcultures within a heterogenous culture disagree about what behaviors are normal and which are abnormal, the result is called what?

A) Primary culture conflict
B) Secondary culture conflict
C) Conduct norms
D) Social construction

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Negative attitudes and beliefs about an entire group of people can potentially lead to _________, in which implied differences lead someone to believe that a minority group member is inferior to a majority group member.

A) Stereotypes
B) Discrimination
C) Racism
D) Prejudice

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is true regarding the institution of slavery?

A) Slave codes were established to dictate the behavior of slaves.
B) The practice of slavery stands in direct opposition to equal liberties, equal opportunities, the difference principle, as well as equality.
C) It has been argued that, without slavery, the country could not have been fully economically developed.
D) All of the above

Question 5

Which Amendment to the Constitution outlawed the institution of slavery?

A) 8^th Amendment
B) 13^th Amendment
C) 14^th Amendment
D) 15^th Amendment

Question 6

Which Amendment to the Constitution granted male citizens of color the right to vote?

A) 8^th Amendment
B) 13^th Amendment
C) 14^th Amendment
D) 15^th Amendment

Question 7

Which act of legislation granted citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by Whites to everyone "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude?"

A) Civil Rights Act of 1866
B) Emancipation Proclamation
C) Equal Protection Clause
D) Jim Crow laws

Question 8

In which case did the Supreme Court determine that separate facilities, as long as they were equal, were not a violation of the Constitution?

A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Dred Scott v. Stanford
C) Brown v. Board of Education
D) Cooper v. Aaron

Question 9

The deliberate disobeying of law under specific circumstances is referred to as what?

A) Hate crime
B) Reverse discrimination
C) Civil disobedience
D) Affirmative action

Question 10

Which act of legislation effectively ended segregation in all public placed and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?

A) Voting Rights Act of 1966
B) Equal Protection Clause
C) Civil Rights Act of 1964
D) Civil Rights Act of 1866

Question 11

Which act of legislation banned racial discrimination in voting practices by both the federal government and state and local governments?

A) Voting Rights Act of 1966
B) Equal Protection Clause
C) Civil Rights Act of 1964
D) Civil Rights Act of 1866

Question 12

The influence of Malcom X fueled the _______________, which embraced and celebrated a Black cultural identity.

A) Poor People's Movement
B) Black Power movement
C) Nation of Islam
D) Black Nationalism movement

Question 13

The discrimination of Whites resulting from preferences for minorities codified into the law or practice is referred to as what?

A) Affirmative Action
B) Black Power
C) Southern Strategy
D) Reverse discrimination

Question 14

Through the use of ____________, threatening groups are controlled towards a larger goal of maintaining social order.

A) Extra-legal factors
B) Discretionary sentencing
C) Contextual discrimination
D) None of the above

Question 15

Blalock's analysis that explored the association between the presence and growth of minority groups and various social control mechanisms is referred to as what?

A) Power threat hypothesis
B) Power control hypothesis
C) Social threat hypothesis
D) Social control hypothesis

Question 16

Which of the following is the only category of threat that is neither related to the exact size of the minority population nor positively related to social control?

A) Political threat
B) Power threat
C) Status threat
D) Economic threat

Question 17

___________ is most common when dominant group members are cognizant of the social arrangements both between and within social groups, have a high level of status consciousness, or when the gap between the social position of the dominant group and minority group is sizeable.

A) Discrimination
B) Displaced aggression
C) Avoidance
D) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding economic threat?

A) When the minority presence is small, it poses little economic competition, and the dominant group is not very motivated to mobilize control efforts.
B) When the minority presence is large, it poses little economic competition, and the dominant group is not very motivated to mobilize control efforts.
C) When the minority presence is small, it poses significant economic competition, and the dominant group is very motivated to mobilize control efforts.
D) None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is not one of the factors introduced by Lofland (1969) in identifying groups that may be perceived as threatening?

A) The size of the population
B) The level of organization
C) The relative amount of power of both the minority group and the threatened group
D) All of the above are factors of identifying groups that may be perceived as threatening.

Question 20

Lynching and police use of deadly force are typically the focus of studies exploring the relationship between racial threat and ___________.

A) Fatal controls
B) Coercive controls
C) Beneficent controls
D) Social controls

Question 21

Which of the following is a result of the deinstitutionalization movement, as argued by Arvanites (1992)

A) Mentally ill individuals have been arrested at a lower rate since deinstitutionalization.
B) Mentally ill individuals have been arrested at a higher rate since deinstitutionalization
C) Arrest rates of mentally ill individuals have not changed.
D) None of the above

Question 22

When judges attempt to make rational decisions even when presented with incomplete information and uncertainty, it is referred to as what?

A) Focal concerns
B) Practical constraints
C) Community protection
D) Bounded rationality

Question 23

Offense seriousness and prior record are considered part of which type of focal concern?

A) Practical constraints
B) Protection of the community
C) Blameworthiness
D) Organizational concerns

Question 24

According to Alexander (2012), mass imprisonment of especially African American males is an intentional ___________, denoting "a stigmatized racial group locked into an inferior position by law and custom."

A) Racial caste system
B) Fatal control
C) Coercive control
D) Beneficent control

Question 25

Which of the following has been the primary culprit that explains mass incarceration?

A) The race war
B) The drug war
C) The war on poverty
D) The war on terror

Question 26

The ________________ was comprised of a network of abolitionists who helped slaves once they made it as far as a free state.

Question 27

______________ was the term used for policies put into place to increase the representation of those who have suffered discrimination.

Question 28

_______________ view the criminal justice system as a social control apparatus used by dominant groups to maintain their position in society.

Question 29

The use of the death penalty is an example of ________ social control while vigilantism would be considered ________ social control.

Question 30

The __________ states that racial disparity in sentencing decreases as the seriousness of the case increases.

Question 31

What were the five basic tenets that defined the institution of slavery as outlined by Noel (1972)?

Question 32

Briefly describe the three manifestations of minority group threat outlined by Blalock (1967).

Question 33

List and describe the three social control mechanisms as discussed by Liska (1992)