Deck 4: Social Construction of Different Groups

Question 1

The concept that human behavior is based on biological or genetic differences and as such, is not subject to change is referred to as what?

A) Social stratification
B) Social capital
C) Essentialism
D) Anomie

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Essentialism is maintained by _________ beliefs in our culture and generally supports rigid definitions of what behaviors are "natural."

A) Hegemonic
B) Subordinate
C) Institutional
D) Ideological

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is considered a social institution?

A) The education system
B) The economy
C) The family
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In the first decade of life, there is perhaps no institution more significant than that of _________.

A) The family
B) The education system
C) Peer groups
D) Religion

Question 5

Teens often look to their peer group for reinforcement on ___________.

A) What to think
B) How to dress
C) How to behave
D) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is a set of beliefs and values about the way the world ought to be and the way that individuals ought to act?

A) Religion
B) Norms
C) Morality
D) Ideology

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the three branches of the United States federal government?

A) The Executive Branch
B) The Corporative Branch
C) The Judicial Branch
D) The Legislative Branch

Question 8

Each state has a division of power similar to that of the federal government, with the _________ acting in an executive capacity.

A) Governor
B) Mayor
C) President
D) None of the above

Question 9

Which of the following are considered important functions of the government?

A) The control and regulation of what behaviors are legal and illegal
B) The correction of inequities once they have been discovered
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

Question 10

The United States economic structure is accurately described as a _________.

A) Capitalistic economy
B) Mixed economy
C) Market economy
D) Socialist economy

Question 11

The welfare of the ________ dominates other social institutions.

A) Family
B) Government
C) Education system
D) Economy

Question 12

_____________ argues that what we know as real is the combined result of all of an individual's interactions with others.

A) Social structure theory
B) Social construction theory
C) Social disorganization theory
D) None of the above

Question 13

In the system of ____________, a laborer would make the journey to the Americas under contract and would be required to work for a set number of years before eventually earning his freedom.

A) Slavery
B) Labor
C) Indentured servitude
D) None of the above

Question 14

The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were perhaps not meant to be equalizing and liberating, but instead were intended to secure the position of ______________.

A) White, wealthy, male landowners
B) Black indentured servants
C) Non-white immigrants
D) Hispanic slaves

Question 15

Money earned on a regular basis through work and investments is referred to as what?

A) Social class
B) Income
C) Wealth
D) Social resources

Question 16

The ownership of all property that has a monetary value (minus one's debt) is referred to as what?

A) Social class
B) Income
C) Wealth
D) Social resources

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding wealth in a capitalist society

A) The more resources that individuals and groups have, the less wealth they can accumulate.
B) The more resources that individuals and groups have, the more wealth they can accumulate.
C) The fewer resources that individuals and groups have, the more wealth they can accumulate.
D) There is no relationship between the amount of resources that individuals and groups have and the amount of wealth they can accumulate.

Question 18

The most important social resource indicator is _________, or the connections within and between social networks.

A) Social class
B) Income
C) Wealth
D) Social capital

Question 19

Styles of dress, modes of speech, and expressed attitudes and beliefs are all considered what?

A) Economic resources
B) Social resources
C) Social capital
D) Lifestyle resources

Question 20

Which of the following is included in the process of gender conditioning?

A) Learning what is expected
B) Emulation of ideals
C) Receiving positive and negative enforcement
D) All of the above

Question 21

The fact that it is acceptable for women to wear pants, but not for men to wear skirts is evidence of what?

A) Feminine traits are valued over masculine ones.
B) Masculine traits are valued over feminine ones.
C) Masculine traits and feminine traits are valued equally.
D) Neither masculine traits nor feminine traits hold any value.

Question 22

____________ refers to when a set of beliefs is created in an effort to hide the essence of what the power structure in society really is.

A) Morality
B) Ideology
C) Negative ideology
D) Religion

Question 23

The differential treatment of individuals based on a physical or non-physical attribute that they possess is referred to as what?

A) Discrimination
B) Discretion
C) Inequality
D) None of the above

Question 24

What makes the criminal justice system and its actors unique from other institutions is that it operates in a manner that allows ___________.

A) Discrimination
B) Discretion
C) Inequality
D) None of the above

Question 25

Which of the following would be considered to be a use of discretion?

A) The decision to criminalize certain behaviors over others
B) Deciding which individuals to pull over
C) Choosing which cases are prosecuted and with what offenses
D) All of the above

Question 26

American society is structured in a manner consistent with _________________ where categories of people are arranged in a hierarchy with those at the top garnering more relative power than those at the bottom.

Question 27

Almost all of the roles and laws of the criminal justice system are handled on the ________ level.

Question 28

The _________ places emphasis in this country on appearing successful through material possessions and not on the process through which those goods are obtained.

Question 29

_________ refers to shared cultural traits like language, food, religion, customs, and traditions.

Question 30

The ___________ is the line of demarcation between the lower and middle classes.

Question 31

What are the two reasons that for many people, religion can trump the influence of other institutions like education, the media and the government?

Question 32

List and describe the four basic elements of our economic system.

Question 33

Describe the four virtues associated with femininity.