Deck 12: Psychopathology: Anxiety Ocd

Question 1

Cognitive therapy is less successful with specific phobias than with:

A) Animal phobias
B) Social phobias
C) Agoraphobia
D) Environmental phobias
E) Situational phobias

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Phobias are characterised by an abnormally high level of:

A) Euphoria
B) Gloom
C) Elation
D) Fear
E) Misery

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Cognitive therapy can work well but is criticised because of:

A) None of these
B) All of these
C) Too little importance attached to the client's underlying problem
D) The assumption that there is an interpretive bias
E) Most clients already knowing their fear is unreasonable and excessive

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Reliability, in diagnostic testing, means the findings are:

A) Different at different times
B) The same for every phobia sufferer
C) Highly variable
D) Accurate and consistent
E) Different when done by different psychologists

Question 5

Validity, in diagnostic testing, means the tests are:

A) Measuring what is intended to be measured
B) The same for every phobia sufferer
C) Highly variable
D) Different when done by different psychologists
E) All of these

Question 6

Similarity in some phobias, making it harder to discriminate between them, is known as:

A) Constancy
B) Cooperation
C) Coincidence
D) Conflict
E) Comorbidity

Question 7

Biological explanations of phobias focusing on genetics compare concordance rates in twins, which are the percentage of:

A) How many twins were raised apart
B) How many twin pairs are identical (MZ)
C) How many twin pairs are fraternal (DZ)
D) Both twins having the phobia
E) How many twins were raised together

Question 8

Concordance rates support genetic causes for phobias if the rate for identical twins is:

A) The same for adoptive and biological parents
B) Much less than for fraternal twins
C) The same as for fraternal twins
D) Greater for adoptive parents than biological parents
E) Much greater than for fraternal twins

Question 9

Evolutionary explanations for phobias are supported by Seligman's concept of:

A) Biological preparedness and laboratory studies
B) Learned helplessness and laboratory studies
C) Biological helplessness and laboratory studies
D) Learned preparedness and laboratory studies
E) Laboratory preparedness

Question 10

Evolutionary explanations for phobias are challenged by:

A) Poor support for prepared phobias being harder to treat than non-prepared
B) Evolutionary explanations being conjecture and speculation
C) Poor support for specific phobias being biologically prepared
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 11

Behavioural explanations for phobias suggest that these are learned when a phobic stimulus is:

A) Very frightening
B) Associated with an aversive stimulus creating fear
C) Avoided because it causes fear
D) Avoided because that reduces fear
E) Experienced after fear

Question 12

Psychodynamic theory regards phobias as defence mechanisms against:

A) The demands of the superego
B) The demands of the ego
C) Individual sexuality
D) The demands of the id
E) Repressed anger against same-sex parents

Question 13

Cognitive theory suggests that phobias are the result of:

A) Short-term interpretive biases
B) Short-term maladaptive thinking
C) Long-lasting interpretive biases
D) Social and genetic biases
E) Long-lasting learning

Question 14

Social explanations of phobias typically depend on retrospective data, which means that:

A) Less serious life events have occurred
B) Causality can be established
C) Serious life events occur a year before the phobia develops
D) More serious life events have occurred
E) Causality cannot be established

Question 15

The explanation that internal predisposition plus external stress are both needed to trigger a phobia is called the:

A) Nature-nurture model
B) Diathesis-stress model
C) General model
D) Bio-social model
E) Stress model

Question 16

Problems with biological therapy using drugs include:

A) All of these
B) Treating symptoms rather than causes
C) Not being specific for one particular disorder but the same for several types of phobia
D) Having unwanted and unpleasant side-effects
E) None of these

Question 17

Exposure therapy's high early drop-out rate is probably caused by:

A) Extinction of the phobic response
B) Habituation to the phobic stimulus
C) The high levels of anxiety involved in confronting the phobic stimulus
D) The simplicity of therapy
E) A dislike of the therapist

Question 18

A fear hierarchy is a client's list of phobic stimuli from:

A) The frightening to the terrifying
B) The smallest object or situation to the largest
C) The nearest to the furthest away
D) Written stimuli to real-life stimuli
E) The least frightening to the most frightening