Deck 9: Public Health Practice: Future Challenges

Question 1

The emergence of drug-resistant strains of which of these pathogens has resulted in decreased effectiveness of treatment regimens?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Gonorrhea
C) Hospital-acquired staphylococcal infections
D) All of these are correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Adopting a population health approach that considers the multiple determinants of health within a social-ecological framework was one of the central recommendations in:

A) Healthy People 2020.
B) the surgeon general's report on secondhand smoke.
C) the 2002 NAM (IOM) The Future of the Public's Health report.
D) the Public Health in America report.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The 1988 NAM (IOM) report on the future of public health concluded the most serious problem facing public health in the United States was that:

A) not enough resources were available to address public health problems.
B) Americans were taking their public health system for granted.
C) the public health workforce was not adequately prepared to meet today's threats and challenges.
D) new federal public health agencies were needed.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Public health systems and services have evolved differently in various parts of the world as well as in the various states within the United States. Which of the following best identifies the two major forces that have shaped public health activities over time and geography?

A) Religion and transportation
B) Science and social values
C) Epidemics and nationalism
D) Capitalism and culture

Question 5

A central theme of the 2002 NAM (IOM) report on the future of the public's health was that government alone should not bear full responsibility for the health of the public.

Question 6

The 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa and the more recent outbreak in central Africa have fueled concerns over the possibility of a global Ebola pandemic.

Question 7

All of the following are considered challenges to 21st-century public health practice except:

A) global environmental threats.
B) public health department accreditation.
C) global population growth.
D) disruptions of vital ecosystems.
E) persistent and widening social injustice.

Question 8

Match the following according to whether the item reflects limitations to 21st-century public health or enabling steps drawn from NAM (IOM) reports:
-Limitations to 21st-century public health

A) Improving the statutory base of public health
B) Strengthening the link between academia and practice
C) Emerging global environmental threats
D) Strengthening the structural and organizational framework of public health
E) Disrupting vital ecosystems
F) Increasing global population
G) Lack of consensus on the content of the public health mission

Question 9

Match the following according to whether the item reflects limitations to 21st-century public health or enabling steps drawn from NAM (IOM) reports:
-Enabling steps drawn from NAM (IOM) report

A) Improving the statutory base of public health
B) Strengthening the link between academia and practice
C) Emerging global environmental threats
D) Strengthening the structural and organizational framework of public health
E) Disrupting vital ecosystems
F) Increasing global population
G) Lack of consensus on the content of the public health mission

Question 10

Drug resistance to previously successful medications is an increasing threat to the battle against which of the following?

A) Ebola virus
B) H5N1 virus
C) Syphilis
D) Multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi such as C. auris

Question 11

Exposure to infected poultry has been determined to be the cause of the majority of cases of people infected with which of the following?

A) Ebola virus
B) H5N1 virus
C) HIV virus
D) Multidrug-resistant bacteria

Question 12

Which of the following viruses is the most frightening as a potential cause of a global pandemic?

A) Ebola virus
B) Influenza virus
C) Zika virus
D) HIV virus

Question 13

Multidrug-resistance is a direct result of indiscriminate use of which of the following?

A) Anti-inflammatory medications
B) Antimicrobial medications
C) Probiotic medications
D) Anti-cholesterol medications

Question 14

The H7N9 influenza virus is currently being spread by which of the following?

A) Food
B) Water
C) Birds
D) Insects

Question 15

Improving the coordination of which of the following holds promise of reducing the toll from infectious disease in the 21st century?

A) The vaccine delivery system
B) Pharmaceutical research and development
C) The health insurance system
D) Emergency response planning

Question 16

Despite the overall reduction in tobacco use in the 20th century, there is an alarming prevalence of e-cigarette use among which of the following?

A) Children
B) Teens
C) Adults
D) Elderly

Question 17

Although maternal and child outcomes have improved, which of the following risk factors is still a cause for concern from a public health perspective?

A) Low birth weight
B) Birth defects
C) Unintended pregnancies
D) Infant mortality

Question 18

From a public health nutrition perspective, deficiencies of which of the following remain a concern for public health in the United States?

A) Vitamin B
B) Folate
C) Vitamin D
D) Calcium

Question 19

The emergence of which of the following conditions, often in midst of "food deserts", has become an increasingly prevalent condition throughout the population and is one of the most startling developments of the late 20th and early 21^st centuries?

A) Malnutrition
B) Anorexia
C) Obesity
D) Heart disease

Question 20

There is a current political battle over the contention that the public drinking water supply no longer needs to have fluoridation because dental caries are no longer a significant public health issue.

Question 21

The H5N1 and H7N9 viruses are currently major public health concerns in the United States.

Question 22

In moving from Public Health 2.0 to Public Health 3.0, the areas for action for the public health system include all of the following except:

A) building a new generation of intersectoral partnerships.
B) developing systems of accountability to ensure the quality and availability of public health services.
C) making evidence the foundation of decision-making and the measure of success.
D) expanding health insurance coverage.

Question 23

All of the following are external threats to public health except:

A) taking a Health-in-all-Policies approach.
B) inconsistent political support/lack of public understanding or support.
C) funding challenges: flat or decreased funding.
D) decreased trust in government.

Question 24

All of the following are external opportunities for public health except:

A) public health accreditation.
B) advances in data collection and analytics/information technology.
C) health department strategic planning.
D) potential impact of social media.

Question 25

Climate change might have a direct role increasing public health challenges related to all of the following except:

A) spread of arboviral diseases.
B) increased antimicrobial resistant bacteria in people.
C) expanding diseases of animals that affect people.
D) Disease X.

Question 26

Reducing pregnancy related mortality in women in the United States will require all of the following except:

A) increased understanding of the causes of maternal deaths.
B) increased efforts to engage women in prenatal and postpartum care.
C) folic acid supplementation of flour.
D) multifactorial medical interventions.

Question 27

In developing emergency preparedness plans, state and local health departments should focus on all of the following except:

A) developing specific plans to deal with each specific, foreseeable scenario.
B) working in conjunction with their counterparts in other governmental agencies.
C) clarifying the roles and reporting relationships between all members of their incident command system.
D) taking an "all-hazards."

Question 28

Public health approaches to curbing the opioid epidemic include all of the following except:

A) educating health care providers and the public about the appropriate uses of opioid pain relievers.
B) combating the stigma related to drug use.
C) increasing the availability of drug treatment and overdose prevention programs.
D) outlawing all non-prescription opioids.

Question 29

Public health has been successful in mitigating the environmental effects of all of the following except:

A) lead in aging public water systems.
B) lead in gasoline.
C) DDT.
D) asbestos.

Question 30

Public health leaders of the future need to have capacities and capabilities in each of the following except:

A) systems thinking based on systems methods.
B) communications skills based on communications science.
C) detailed technical expertise in a wide range of public health issues.
D) an ethical approach to public health practice.

Question 31

Top priorities for public health departments of the future include all of the following except:

A) providing gap-filling medical services for those in need.
B) strategizing and advocating for policies that advance the health of the population.
C) developing capabilities to use "big data" to benefit public health.
D) assuring that their public health services are effective in serving the needs of the community.