Deck 10: Communication Ethics and Intercultural Communication

Question 1

Intercultural communication is the exchange of messages between groups with significantly different cultures.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

When we meet people from a different culture for the first time we tend to notice underlying differences in cultures rather than similarities.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

When we meet people from a different culture for the first time we tend to notice surface similarities rather than underlying differences in culture.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Ethnocentrism is a source of intercultural understanding and ethical nearsightedness.

Question 5

Ignoring similarities between cultures can be a source of intercultural misunderstanding and ethical nearsightedness.

Question 6

Binary thinking about intercultural communication is a source of intercultural misunderstanding and ethical nearsightedness.

Question 7

The study of intercultural communication discourages making judgments about of cultural differences.

Question 8

The study of intercultural communication discourages tolerance of cultural differences.

Question 9

Different cultures may practice an ethical value, such as truthfulness, in the same ways.

Question 10

Static-dynamic is a dialectical tension that intercultural communicators manage.

Question 11

Dialectical tensions of intercultural communication seldom create issues of justice.

Question 12

How intercultural communicators negotiate cultural identity is a strategy for managing dialectical tensions of intercultural communication.

Question 13

Absolutism and cultural relativism are different two strategies for managing dialectical tensions of intercultural communication.

Question 14

How a person understands herself as a member of a culture is her cultural identity.

Question 15

To be a member of a culture a person must accept all the values and beliefs of a culture.

Question 16

The cultural identity of individual members of a culture is one place to you can see the dialectical tension of similarity and difference in a culture

Question 17

The existence of co-cultures or sub-cultures is evidence of the dialectical tension of history/past-present/future.

Question 18

Cultural identities change over time, which is an example of the dialectical tension of static and dynamic.

Question 19

According to identity negotiation theory, individuals acquire their identities by communicating with others.

Question 20

Intercultural communication and community share the same paradox, that when communicators include some people as members, they are simultaneously excluding others.

Question 21

Dialectical tensions in communication that negotiate cultural identity raise ethical issues of integrity.

Question 22

Different areas of identity that are negotiated by communicating with others include culture, ethnicity, gender, and relationship roles.

Question 23

The domain of culture is the most important area for the communication negotiation of identity.

Question 24

Communication messages may impact the identities of everyone involved in an intercultural communication interaction.

Question 25

A cultural contract that influences how communicators define their identities in the outcome of communication that negotiates identity.

Question 26

Dialectical tensions of intercultural communication can influence how identity is negotiated.

Question 27

Ethical issues that may develop from dialectical tensions of communication include truthfulness and fairness.

Question 28

Communication practices of negotiating cultural identity that undermine or objectify members of a culture raise issues of justice.

Question 29

The easy access of global digital communication minimizes the dialectical tension of privilege and disadvantage in digital intercultural communication.

Question 30

Concentration of media ownership global highlights the dialectical tensions of similarity/difference and personal/social, raising ethical issues of fairness.

Question 31

The predominance of English as the primary language of the internet raises issues of fairness with the privileges of literacy and the disadvantages of illiteracy in the use of English

Question 32

Intercultural communication competence involves practices of conventional relativism, such as tolerance.

Question 33

The value orientation of a culture helps its member answers important questions such as "What is human nature?"

Question 34

Study of the value orientations of different cultures has shown that all cultures share the same fundamental values

Question 35

"Action," "Being," and "Becoming" are three culturally different answers to the question "What is the preferred human activity?"

Question 36

Differences in cultural value orientation can be a source of cultural misunderstanding or conflict.

Question 37

The study of value orientations of a culture reveals the values that all members of a culture share.

Question 38

Recognition of the dialectical tensions of similarity and difference and of history/past and present/future within a culture are important for recognizing and understanding diversity within a culture.

Question 39

An absolutist approach to intercultural communication minimizes or ignores differences and diversities within a culture.

Question 40

Absolutists are comfortable with people who have a culturally different identity remain in the absolutists' community.

Question 41

Cultural relativists discourage making judgments about people from a culture different from one's own.

Question 42

Cultural relativists recognize that absolutist ethical approaches to other cultures historically have created significant harm.

Question 43

When addressing problems that create human misery that do not recognize cultural boundaries--such as climate change, disease, poverty, terrorism, or war--cultural relativists can experience the paradox of tolerance in their intercultural communication.

Question 44

Concerns about being judgmental or intolerant, makes it more likely that an intercultural communicator will be ethically responsive to a recurring or significant ethical issue or atrocity that involves persons from another culture.

Question 45

The polarized debate between absolutism and cultural relativism makes it easier to ethically address issues in diverse communities and workplaces.

Question 46

Minimalist ethical values are the simplest, most basic forms of mutual support and respect needed for persons and groups to survive.

Question 47

Minimalist values are shared across cultural boundaries, so they offer an alternative to absolutism and relativism in intercultural communication about ethical issues.

Question 48

Levinas's "Call of the Other" may be a minimalist value of communication ethics.

Question 49

The communication act of acknowledgment is a minimalist practice of communication ethics.

Question 50

Protonorms, for example "the sacredness of life," are beliefs about what is best for the world from which values of different cultures develop.

Question 51

Protonorms offer a way to think about how culturally different practices of values, such as truth-telling or recognition of human dignity, develop from a common ground.

Question 52

The ideas of minimalist values and protonorms reinforce absolutist approaches to ethics.

Question 53

The study of comparative religion indicates the idea of the Golden Rule, considering others as important as oneself, exists in cultures through the world.

Question 54

Culturally different expressions of the Golden Rules make it an unlikely candidate for a minimalist ethical practice.

Question 55

Philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah claims that there is sufficient overlap in the "vocabulary of values" in different cultures for begin conversations about significant issues of human survival.

Question 56

Appiah's concept of cosmopolitanism is that different cultures have different ways to express or practice universal values, such as care or fairness.

Question 57

The idea of "universalism with toleration of differences" is key to cosmopolitanism.

Question 58

Absolutist thinking about universals allows for toleration of culturally different practices of values.

Question 59

Absolutist thinking about universals does not allow for culturally different practices of values.

Question 60

Altruistic evil is an example of the extreme lack of toleration in absolutist thinking, where believers see themselves is "doing good" in the name of their beliefs as they use extreme violence to punish nonbelievers.

Question 61

Cosmopolitans recognize that there are common ethical practices fundamental to minimalist values.

Question 62

Cosmopolitans tolerate culturally different practices of minimalist or universal values.

Question 63

Cosmopolitans believe that there are many values worth living by and that it is not humanly possible to live by all of them, so we should be tolerant of different values and practices that promote human survival and thriving.

Question 64

Cosmopolitans believe that is possible to an individual to practice the complete truth of an ethical value or principle.

Question 65

Cosmopolitans believe that disagreements about the practice of ethics will become unnecessary, once we have identified what are ethically good values.

Question 66

For cosmopolitans, discussion and disagreement about the practice of ethics is important for individual discernment and decision making.

Question 67

Practice of cosmopolitanism is ethics encourages conversations about ethics among people with different ethical viewpoints.

Question 68

The one truth held by cosmopolitans, that every human being has obligations to every other human being, limits the practices cosmopolitans will tolerate.

Question 69

When people communicate with persons from different cultures they tend to

A) recognize surface similarities, rather than listening for underlying beliefs and values that are culturally different.
B) listen to understand how people from other cultures are similar, yet different from themselves.
C) monitor their ethnocentrism, so they listen more accurately.
D) Keep the conversations short, to minimize their communication apprehension

Question 70

Ethnocentrism, an attitude that can create intercultural misunderstanding, can also be a source of _____.

A) rationalization of self interest
B) ethical nearsightedness
C) moral intuition
D) tests of publicity

Question 71

One source of intercultural misunderstanding and ethical nearsightedness is that cultures are incommensurable, which means that

A) cultural conflict is inevitable.
B) binary thinking predominates in intercultural communication.
C) there is no overlap in experiences, beliefs or values between different cultures.
D) common human experiences make intercultural understanding inevitable.

Question 72

Intercultural communication scholars stress that ethics

A) Consists of universal truths across cultures.
B) is the primary source of intercultural misunderstanding.
C) holds the key to intercultural communication competence.
D) Is more relative to a culture than universal.

Question 73

Different cultures may consider the same value, such as truthfulness, important

A) but consider another culture's practice of truthfulness unethical.
B) and practice that value in culturally distinctive ways.
C) and expect other cultures to practice this value the same way.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 74

The dynamic process of intercultural communication is best characterized by

A) the transactional model of communication.
B) the dynamic flux of international relations.
C) dialectical tensions of intercultural communication practice.
D) the challenges of misunderstanding and understanding others.

Question 75

Which of the following dialectical tensions does intercultural communication practice share with community?

A) Similarity and difference
B) Individual and community/culture
C) Past/history and present future
D) Both a & b
E) Both b & c

Question 76

The dialectical tensions of intercultural communication repeatedly develop ethical issues concerning which ethical value?

A) Truth
B) Justice
C) Freedom
D) Integrity

Question 77

Communication in community and intercultural communication share

A) the paradox that inclusive communication simultaneously excludes others who are different.
B) a commitment to both personal and civic freedom.
C) the dynamic tension of absolutism and relativism.
D) an appreciation of the moral rights of communication.

Question 78

What type of ethical issues develop when the dialectical tension of similarity and difference affects communication that negotiates cultural identity?

A) Truthfulness
B) Justice
C) Freedom
D) Care

Question 79

Cultural identity is important in intercultural communication because it

A) is part of personal identity.
B) manages dialectical tensions of intercultural communication.
C) is part of the heritage of each intercultural communicator.
D) Both a & b
E) Both a & c

Question 80

Which of the following statements are applications of identity negotiation theory?

A) Communication with others form personal and group identities.
B) Individual experience identity trust and security in culturally familiar environments.
C) Results of satisfactory identity are being understood, respected, and supported.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above