Deck 3: Same-Sex Marriage in Canada

Question 1

The assumption that a person has to be either male or female, and that the sex they are assigned at birth is how they will see themselves and live the rest of their lives best describes which concept?

A) Cisnormativity
B) Heteronormativity
C) LGBTQI+ Identity
D) Homonormativity
E) Trans Identity

Answer 1

Cisnormativity

Question 2

Patriarchy is the belief system and economic structure that supports the dominance of which group?

A) Adults over children
B) Straight people over LGBTQI+ people
C) Men over women
D) Cisgender people over trans people
E) White people over racialized people

Answer 2

Men over women

Question 3

Which of the following ideas of the family was not brought by European colonizers to North American Indigenous communities?

A) Endorsement of monogamous relationships
B) Heterosexuality as the foundation of the family
C) Patriarchy as the foundation of the family
D) Ideas of gender beyond the male/female binary
E) The understanding that women and children as the property of men

Answer 3

Ideas of gender beyond the male/female binary

Question 4

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report considers the removal of Indigenous children from their families for the purpose of residential schooling to be an act of ______?

A) patriarchy.
B) cultural genocide.
C) criminalization.
D) homophobia.
E) religious abuse.

Question 5

Who is known for famously stating "the state has no business in the bedrooms of the nation" in 1967?

A) Pierre Trudeau
B) Lyndon Johnson
C) Alfred Kinsey
D) Svend Robinson
E) Lester B. Pearson

Question 6

The bathhouse raids and mass arrests of gay men that took place in Toronto in 1980 were known by police as ______?

A) Stonewall Uprising.
B) Operation Soap.
C) Bathhouse Attack.
D) Bawdy House Arrests.
E) Bathhouse Arrests.

Question 7

When did sexual orientation become a protected identity under the Canadian Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms?

A) 1969
B) 1979
C) 1986
D) 1996
E) It is still not a protected identity.

Question 8

Which of the following is best described as the practice of trying to 'cure' LGBTQI+ people - especially young people - by trying to change same-sex desires to heterosexual desires or changing gender behaviour to match someone's assigned gender at birth?

A) Conversion Therapy
B) Straight Therapy
C) Heteronormativity
D) Psychological Patriarchy
E) Cisnormativity

Question 9

When did Canada approve federal funding for trans-related surgeries?

A) 1988
B) 1998
C) 2008
D) 2018
E) This is not yet approved in Canada.

Question 10

Why is 2005 a significant year in LBGTQI+ history in Canada?

A) The bathhouse raids occurred.
B) Homosexuality was decriminalized.
C) Conversion therapy was banned.
D) The Equal Marriage Act was passed.
E) Sexual orientation was included in the Charter of Human Rights.

Question 11

Which of the following major legal changes in Canada did not occur in the 1990s?

A) Gay men and lesbians could apply for refugee status on the basis of persecution in their home country.
B) Provinces individually start to legalize adoption by same-sex couples.
C) The Charter of Human Rights is amended to protect from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
D) Charter of Human Rights is amended to protect from discrimination on the basis of gender identity and gender expression.
E) All of the above occurred in the 1990s.

Question 12

The first Pride protests and Pride weeks took place following which foundational event in LGBTQI+ history?

A) The Stonewall Uprising
B) The decriminalization of homosexuality
C) The legalization of same-sex marriage
D) The Bathhouse raids
E) The implementation of the Charter of Rights

Question 13

What is the term for the classification used to describe people who have features that do not meet "male" or "female" anatomical expectations or norms?

A) Queer
B) Non-binary
C) Intersex
D) Trans
E) Cross-gendered

Question 14

Although estimates are likely low due to stigmatization, intersex conditions are estimated to occur in up to _________ of newborns.?

A) 0.5%
B) 1.7%
C) 3%
D) 5%
E) 12%

Question 15

Which of the following are noted as impacts of "corrective" surgeries and other interventions on the bodies of intersex children?

A) Lasting pain
B) Emotional distress
C) Sexual difficulties as they grow up
D) Potential future surgeries
E) All of the above

Question 16

According to a recent American survey, how many LGBTQI+ youth had considered suicide in the past year?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%
E) This data is not available.

Question 17

Which of the following is a barrier facing trans and non-binary youth accessing public systems for housing and support?

A) Some programs divide residents by gender.
B) Some programs are run by faith-based organizations that are resistant to gender diversity.
C) Personal Information is given over to the government when these programs are accessed.
D) Both a and b
E) a, b, and c

Question 18

The "It Gets Better" campaign is an example of _________.

A) A a school-based campaign for suicide prevention for LGBTQI+ youth.
B) A a social media campaign for suicide prevention for LGBTQI+ youth.
C) A a social media campaign for parents of LGBTQI+ youth.
D) A a community-led campaign for LGBTQI+ parents.
E) A a school-based anti-bullying campaign led by LGBTQI+ students.

Question 19

Which term best describes relationships with only one sexual or romantic partner at a time?

A) Monogamy
B) Polyamory
C) Mononormativity
D) Polygamy
E) Queer

Question 20

The LGBTQI+ community generally views monogamy in which of the following ways?

A) Monogamy is seen as a political identity.
B) Monogamy is seen exclusively as a patriarchal concept.
C) Monogamy is seen as the ideal goal for queer and straight relationships.
D) There is a consensus among the LGBTQI+ community to dismantle monogamy.
E) There is diversity, and sometimes tension, in opinions over the issue of monogamy in LGBTQI+ relationships.

Question 21

What were the first provinces to legalize same-sex marriage in 2003?

A) Ontario and Quebec
B) Ontario and British Columbia
C) Quebec and British Columbia
D) Ontario and Manitoba
E) Ontario and Alberta

Question 22

With the passage of the Civil Marriage Act, Canada became the _____ country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.

A) Firstfirst
B) Secondsecond
C) Fourthfourth
D) Tenthtenth
E) Twentiethtwentieth

Question 23

Why did the Civil Marriage Act require an amendment in 2012?

A) Same-sex couples who were married outside of Canada could often not access legal divorce in Canada.
B) Same-sex couples were subject to different laws in different provinces if they wanted a divorce.
C) No same-sex couples requested a legal divorce until 2012, so it was never included.
D) Same-sex couples who were married in non-legal ceremonies did not have access to divorce.
E) Same-sex couples wanted more protection for their children following divorce.

Question 24

What term was coined by Dorothy Smith to describe the cultural construct of the ideal family which assumed the parents were married to each other, with a particular gendered arrangement of earning and caretaking responsibilities, following white, middle-class, Christian norms?

A) The Standard Family Norm
B) The Dominant North American Family
C) The Dominant Family Norm
D) The Ideal Standard Family
E) The Standard North American Family

Question 25

Which of the following is not a way that LGBTQI+ people have been denied the right to parent in Canada in the twentieth century?

A) They have been consistently denied custody of their children following divorce.
B) They have been denied the right to adopt or foster children.
C) They have been denied access to fertility services.
D) None of the above
E) All of a, b, and c

Question 26

What is the impact of organizations such as PFLAG (Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays) in the lives of LGBTQI+ youth?

A) They have been foundational to changing the experiences of many young people and families.
B) They have had minimal impact because views about gender and sexuality are deeply rooted in most families.
C) They have proved essential in providing a safe space for young people experiencing violence at home.
D) They have made a significant impact on young adults and university students, but not significantly on families.
E) They have had a minimal impact since most LGBTQI people do not come out until they are out of their parents' home.

Question 27

Despite being valuable to increasing the rights of LGBTQI+ families, the first wave of research on LGBTQI+ research was limited in all but which of the following ways?

A) It excluded lesbian parents.
B) It excluded transgender and bisexual parents.
C) It mostly focused on white, middle-class experiences of parenting.
D) It mostly focused on comparisons with parenting outcomes of families with heterosexual parents.
E) It did not include families marginalized in aspects other than LGBTQI+ (such as disabled parents).

Question 28

Researcher Stephen Hicks noted that fears about LGBTQI+ parents often focus on __________.

A) The the idea of gender role models.
B) Psychological psychological ideas of deviance.
C) Fears fears of child abuse and violence.
D) The the myth of the "gay agenda".
E) The the idea of biological parenthood.

Question 29

When compared to heterosexual couples, how do LGBTQI+ couples divide household responsibilities?

A) There is a very similar distribution of labour in LGBTQI+ relationships and heterosexual relationships.
B) There is a more equitable division of labour in LGBTQI+ relationships.
C) There is a less equitable division of labour in LGBTQI+ relationships.
D) Lesbian relationships are distinctly more equitable than all other relationship.
E) No studies have explored this issue.

Question 30

Why do gender norms have a greater impact on gay fathers than beliefs about their sexual orientation?

A) The common belief that gay men are good fathers.
B) The common belief that men always have a female partner.
C) The common belief that gay men share parenting duties equitably.
D) The common belief that fathers cannot be the primary nurturer.
E) The common belief that it is easy for gay men to adopt.

Question 31

Chosen family was particular particularly crucial to which significant moment in LGBTQI+ history?

A) Experiences with HIV/AIDS in the 1980s and 1990s.
B) The fight for same-sex marriage in the 1990s
C) The first common-law relationship legally recognized
D) The movement to allow LGBTQI+ parents to adopt
E) The trans rights movement

Question 32

After years of activism and negotiation, when did psychiatrists remove homosexuality as a mental disordered disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-II)?

A) 1963
B) 1973
C) 1983
D) 1993
E) 2002

Question 33

Which of the following is a key example of contemporary LGBTQI+ chosen family, as initiated by Black, Brown, and Latinx communities?

A) Non-binary culture
B) Bar culture
C) Ballroom culture
D) Polyamory
E) Two-Spirit culture

Question 34

The concept of chosen family describes relationships that are deliberately built on all but which of the following?

A) Love
B) Connection
C) Commitment
D) Culture
E) Community

Question 35

Which of the following terms is best described as "the view that sex determines gender and that there are two sexes, male and female, and two genders, masculine and feminine; male/masculine and female/feminine are considered as dichotomous categories?"

A) Sex/Gender Binary
B) Sex Binary
C) Heterosexual/Homosexual binary
D) Sexuality/Gender Binary
E) Cisnormativity

Question 36

Heteronormativity is the assumption that people will form sexual and romantic attractions and partnerships always and only across genders.

Question 37

There has always been a binary understanding of gender and sexualities in what we now know as Canada.

Question 38

Through colonization, Europeans strove to eradicate queer and Two-Spirit members of Indigenous nations.

Question 39

For Two-Spirit and other communities, the revitalization of Indigenous teachings and practices around family has been an important way in which Indigenous communities support healing and resurgence.

Question 40

Same-sex sexual activities were rarely criminalized in Canada in the 1900s.

Question 41

Queer men no longer faced any criminal persecution in Canada after homosexuality was decriminalized in 1969.

Question 42

After years of activism and negotiation, psychiatrists removed homosexuality as a mental disorder in the 1993 version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-II).

Question 43

The Toronto bathhouse raids and mass arrests of queer men that occurred in 1980 are often referred to as Canada's Stonewall.

Question 44

Gender identity was included as a protected identity in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1969.

Question 45

The Canadian government has apologized for violent purges of LGBTQI+ people from the civil service.

Question 46

Current research estimates that almost 50% of trans people in Canada have experienced some form of conversion therapy.

Question 47

In 1993, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that it is not discriminatory to deny bereavement leave to long-term same-sex couples.

Question 48

Ontario began issuing health cards without a gender marker in 2006.

Question 49

Bill C- 16 to include gender expression in addition to gender identity as a charter protection and to the criminal code was passed in 2017.

Question 50

For LGBTQI+ communities in Canada and the United Sates, the 1950s was an era of widespread governmental critique in the form of boycotts, sit-ins, marches, riots, and protests.

Question 51

The Stonewall raids in 1969 were distinct and revolutionary because LGBTQI+ people were typically safe and left alone by police when at bars in their community.

Question 52

In Canada, the first gay and lesbian protests took place in Ottawa and Vancouver in the form of a Pride protest in August 1971.

Question 53

The pressure to sort children into a sex/gender binary begins as soon as babies are born.

Question 54

Intersex conditions are estimated to occur in up to 1.7% of newborns, though it is likely undercounted due to stigmatization.

Question 55

Gay-Straight Alliances (GSAs) have been an effective way that schools have supported LGBTQI+ students.

Question 56

Young people's experiences of wondering if they are LGBTQI+ can vary widely.

Question 57

In Canada, LGBTQ+ youth telephone hotlines have been around since 1993.

Question 58

Researchers estimate that between 10 and 20% of homeless youth in Canada are LGBTQI+.

Question 59

Polyamory is the practice of multiple legal marriages at one time.

Question 60

It is rare that same-sex relationships are monogamous.

Question 61

In some LGBTQI+ circles, polyamory is considered an implicitly political identity linked with the dismantling of capitalism, homonormativity, and white supremacy, and aligned with anarchism and social justice.

Question 62

Svend Robinson was the first openly gay politician in Canada.

Question 63

Canadian provinces did not legalize same-sex marriage until 2003.

Question 64

Canada legalized same-sex marriage through the Civil Marriage Act in 2005.

Question 65

While same-sex marriage became legal in 2005, it took until 2020 for same-sex couples to have legal access to divorce in Canada.

Question 66

The 2016 Canadian Census shows that percentage of same-sex couples that report living with children has risen over the past 15 years, from 8.6% to 32% of same-sex couples.

Question 67

The majority of LGBTQI+ child-rearing couples in Canada are female.

Question 68

A number of studies have demonstrated that gay and lesbian families divvy household labour more equitably in comparison to heterosexual couples.

Question 69

When compared to heterosexual and cisgender peers, LGBTQI+ older adults report lower lifetime experiences of violent victimization and discrimination.

Question 70

Focusing on "sameness" is the most effective and equitable way to frame the movement towards equal rights for LGBTQI+ families.
Short

Question 71

What is heteronormativity and why it is significant in Canadian society today?

Question 72

What role did colonialism play in creating dominant ideals of gender and the family in Canada?

Question 73

What are two significant legal changes that have occurred in Canada in the last 60 years that have contributed to the increasing equality and acceptance of LGBTQI+ families?

Question 74

Explain how the Stonewall uprising was a key moment for LGBTQI+ communities in Canada and the United States.

Question 75

How has the LGBTQI+ community been criminalized throughout Canadian history?

Question 76

How have views about intersex infants and children changed in the recent decades?

Question 77

Explain why Gay-Straight-Alliances (GSAs) are a key support for LGBTQI+ youth.?

Question 78

What are some key resources available for LGBTQI+ youth in Canada today?

Question 79

What is 'conversion therapy' and why has it been significant in LGBTQI+ activism for equal rights?

Question 80

What are some of the main challenges that LGBTQI parents face today?