Deck 3: Sex and Gender

Question 1

The socially constructed or nonbiological characteristics that make you male or female are identified by which term?

A) sex
B) hormones
C) gender
D) metanarrative

Answer 1

gender

Question 2

People with ambiguous genitalia or a combination of male and female genitalia are referred to as ______.

A) intersex
B) hermaphrodites
C) transgender
D) homosexual

Answer 2

intersex

Question 3

Which of the following individuals is transgender?

A) Mike, who is biologically male and is attracted to men.
B) Sara, who is biologically female and is attracted to men.
C) Sam, who is biologically male but feels that he is female.
D) Ella, whose genitals are ambiguous but who has a Y chromosome.

Answer 3

Sam, who is biologically male but feels that he is female.

Question 4

A standardized belief that a certain group of people all have certain traits or all behave similarly to each other is a ______.

A) gender identity
B) stereotype
C) schema
D) gender role

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of stereotype threat?

A) A man runs a successful catering business.
B) A woman becomes a partner in a major law firm.
C) A boy threatens another boy who teases him for not acting tough.
D) A girl who believes that females do poorly in math fails a math test.

Question 6

Which statement about sexual orientation is INCORRECT according to current research?

A) It exists on a continuum.
B) It is modifiable.
C) The term refers to feelings of sexual arousal.
D) It can influence the way a person is treated within the family.

Question 7

The belief that heterosexuality is normal and other sexualities are not is referred to as ______.

A) heteronormativity
B) heterosupremacy
C) heterocentrism
D) heterosexuality

Question 8

A gender schema is a ______.

A) plan to transition to a different gender
B) preparation for assuming an adult gender role
C) research program similar to a meta-analysis
D) template for correct behavior for each gender

Question 9

A researcher who examines the results of many previous studies is performing a ______.

A) quantitative research design
B) field trial
C) meta-analysis
D) controlled experiment

Question 10

A child who holds non-stereotyped views about gender and thinks flexibly about men's and women's abilities would be described as ______.

A) transsexual
B) aschematic
C) essentialized
D) androgynous

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of hostile sexism?

A) A man escorts his wife whenever she goes out at night.
B) A man buys his wife an extravagant gift for her birthday.
C) A man tells a sexist joke at a business meeting.
D) A man withholds bad news from his wife to avoid upsetting her.

Question 12

Which statement about prenatal sexual differentiation is INCORRECT?

A) All embryos start out as females.
B) All embryos receive an X or Y chromosome from the father.
C) All embryos have both Mullerian and Wolffian ducts.
D) Genes on the X chromosome trigger the embryo to make testosterone.

Question 13

Which statement about prenatal sex differentiation is INCORRECT?

A) A transgender person's prenatal development may differ from the normal sequence.
B) The embryonic brain develops before the gonads and therefore plays a vital role.
C) The effect of stress hormones may differ greatly from one individual to another.
D) A person may be genetically male or female yet have a brain like that of the other sex.

Question 14

Compared with adult women, adult men tend to have ______.

A) less chronic diseases
B) slower metabolic rates
C) higher injury rates
D) lower death rates

Question 15

All of the following are included in hegemonic masculinity EXCEPT the expectation that ______.

A) men dominate women and children
B) men and women hold similar jobs
C) violence against women is acceptable
D) the male body is privileged

Question 16

As of 2014, for every dollar earned by men, women earned ______.

A) $0.69
B) $0.79
C) $0.89
D) $1.00

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of kinship work?

A) homeschooling children
B) working outside the home
C) planning a family gathering
D) sending children to religious school

Question 18

Compared with citizens of other countries in the industrialized world, people in the United States ______.

A) receive more extensive social welfare benefits
B) receive more child care benefits
C) spend more private funds on health care
D) have lower teen pregnancy and abortion rates

Question 19

In western industrialized nations, overt sexism (prejudice or discrimination against women) may be more pervasive today than it was in the past.

Question 20

Benevolent sexism is an overt negative or unkind act that reveals an attitude of bias against women. Someone might make sexist jokes, sexually harass a woman at work, oppress a female partner's goals or desires, or tell a female partner to "shut up" during a discussion.

Question 21

Hostile sexism, on the other hand, is characterized by positive or kind acts which nevertheless reveal views of women as in some way inferior.

Question 22

Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with learning disabilities and behavioral problems, to end up in the juvenile justice system, and to be convicted of violent crimes than girls are.

Question 23

Male entitlement refers to our complex senses of self, stemming from demographic variables like our race, social class, sexual orientation, ability level, age, and gender.

Question 24

Gender similarity hypothesis, the argument that men and women resemble each other much more than is popularly believed.

Question 25

Meta-analysis refers to mental templates about what is appropriate for both genders.

Question 26

Review of the literature is a study that compiles the findings of many diverse studies on a topic and statistically analyzes the overall magnitude of the findings.

Question 27

Gender schema theory states that boys and girls learn very quickly what is expected of them in terms of gendered behavior, traits, and abilities.

Question 28

Gender aschematic children, on the other hand, hold far greater stereotyped beliefs about gender.

Question 29

Social cognitive theory states that behaviors that are reinforced are more likely to be repeated.

Question 30

Misogyny means that a person possesses traditionally masculine traits like assertiveness, confidence, and strength, and also traditionally feminine traits like nurturing, sensitivity, and empathy.

Question 31

All babies start out as girls.

Question 32

Gender expectations and preferences are not common in all cultures, and in some cultures, they are rare.

Question 33

Men, in general, are becoming less gender biased and are looking for something more than what traditional gender expectations can provide for them.

Question 34

Misogenic masculinity is where the male body is privileged, men dominate over women and children, there is a gendered division of labor, and aggression is acceptable.

Question 35

Your culture, also known as this term, also influences how you experience your gender while living with your family.

Question 36

North American Indians identify a third gender which is neither male nor female. Anthropologists call a person with this type of gender a(n) ______.

Question 37

People who feel their gender is the opposite of their biological sex are referred to as being ______.

Question 38

Some transgender individuals practice this, which is an attempt to be as masculine or feminine as possible, to suppress their feelings and avoid admitting to their true gender identity, which doesn't fit their body's appearance. What is the term for this practice?

Question 39

Which term describes the societal expectations of what are appropriate traits, characteristics, and behaviors of boys versus girls and men versus women?

Question 40

The standardized belief that a certain group of people all behave similarly to each other is referred to as a(n) ______.

Question 41

As children are born, they are taught to believe that these traits exist in men or women, and they are raised to act in ways that fit those gender role expectations. What are these traits called?

Question 42

Which term refers to the sexual attraction, arousal, and desire a person feels toward people of a certain gender or genders?

Question 43

Feminists see gender discrimination as impeding career and social success, but also as detrimental to ______.

Question 44

Discuss the difference between sex and gender. What are some factors that make the distinction unclear? Give an example.

Question 45

What is stereotype threat? Explain how it can affect people's choices and options in life. Give at least one example.

Question 46

Discuss the different experiences that men and women have. Explain how differences in experience result in a perception of inherent differences.

Question 47

Describe the role of social forces that affect sex and gender development from the prenatal stage through infancy.