Deck 10: The Effects of Institutional Life

Question 1

The process through which inmates acquire the values, norms, and behavioral expectations of institutional life describes:

A) Rationalization
B) Prisonization
C) Reality therapy
D) Rehabilitation
E) Reintegration

Answer 1

Prisonization

Question 2

The process described above is promoted by:

A) Stripping inmates of their individual identity
B) Rewarding gain/good time
C) Fiscal pressures on correctional administrators
D) The public's demand for punishment
E) All of the above

Answer 2

Stripping inmates of their individual identity

Question 3

The prisonization process refers to the:

A) Involvement of the private sector in prison management
B) Overuse of prison for low-risk, first-time offenders
C) Punitive attitudes of those in society who want strong punishments for criminal behavior
D) Process through which inmates acquire the values and norms of institutional life
E) Justice model's emphasis on increasing the likelihood of going to prison if convicted

Answer 3

Process through which inmates acquire the values and norms of institutional life

Question 4

Use the options below to identify what model is being described in the following statements.

-The inmate subculture develops as a result of adaptation to the effects of an unnatural environment.

A) Importation
B) Deprivation

Question 5

Use the options below to identify what model is being described in the following statements.

-If prisons predominantly included those from the upper socioeconomic classes, the nature of the inmate subculture would be quite different from what it is today.

A) Importation
B) Deprivation

Question 6

Use the options below to identify what model is being described in the following statements.

-Supported by the experiment with students acting in the roles of "inmates" and "guards" within a mock prison.

A) Importation
B) Deprivation

Question 7

Use the options below to identify what model is being described in the following statements.

-Because inmates bring certain antisocial attitudes and values when they are committed to prison, it is natural that an inmate subculture would develop.

A) Importation
B) Deprivation

Question 8

Use the options below to identify what model is being described in the following statements.

-The inmate subculture emerges as a result of the loss of freedom, privacy, autonomy, and basic goods and services that people in free society take for granted.

A) Importation
B) Deprivation

Question 9

Inmate Jones moves through the prison routine like a robot. He shows no initiative and avoids thinking about either the past or the future. He never causes any trouble and says that he is "just taking one day at a time." These are the signs of:

A) Mental illness
B) Suicide potential
C) The importation model
D) Precipitating events before a riot
E) An institutionalized personality

Question 10

The negative effects of being incarcerated are greater for those who are:

A) Confined at younger ages for longer periods of time
B) Less emotionally stable
C) Confined at older ages for longer periods of time
D) More emotionally stable
E) A and B

Question 11

The adjustment of an inmate to confinement is a feature of:

A) The inmate's personal characteristics
B) Conditions within the institution
C) Person-environment interactive effects
D) B and C
E) All of the above

Question 12

The psychological processes inmates use, for example to blame others for their actions or deny that any harm resulted from what they did, illustrates the use of:

A) Prison argot
B) Psychological predispositions
C) Institutionalization
D) The inmate code
E) Defense mechanisms

Question 13

The fact that inmates often refer to correctional officers as "screws" is a reflection of their:

A) Use of prison argot
B) Feelings about authority
C) Tolerance for anxiety
D) A and B
E) B and C

Question 14

The prison subculture provides inmates with a means of:

A) Expressing their autonomy
B) Opposing institutional authority
C) Reinforcing antisocial attitudes
D) B and C
E) All of the above

Question 15

A newly arriving inmate is referred to as a "fish," told to watch out for "the man," and warned about the consequences of "snitching." These are best described as examples of:

A) Defense mechanisms
B) Prison argot
C) Precipitating events
D) Predisposing conditions
E) Prison deprivations

Question 16

The inmate code reflects the:

A) Values of free society
B) Rules and regulations of the institution
C) Unofficial prison social system
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 17

According to the inmate code, those with the most status and prestige will be inmates who:

A) Comply with institutional rules
B) Oppose the prison administration
C) Are near the end of their sentence
D) Are serving time for multiple charges
E) Have the highest tolerance for anxiety

Question 18

The results of violating the inmate code can include:

A) Reduced social status
B) Physical punishment
C) Official disciplinary action by the administration
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 19

The Prison Rape Elimination Act is designed to:

A) Abolish the inmate code
B) Elevate prison rape to a capital offense
C) Require states to implement capital punishment for prison rape
D) Fund states to prevent prison rape
E) All of the above

Question 20

Women tend to adapt to the conditions of confinement by:

A) Acting out
B) Stealing things that have little value
C) Engaging in more education and vocational training
D) Forming female gangs
E) Creating quasi-families

Question 21

Generally, homosexuality in female institutions tends to be:

A) An act of aggression
B) A means of overpowering a weaker inmate
C) A form of emotional bonding
D) Outlawed by the Prison Rape Elimination Act
E) A and B

Question 22

Use the following answer options for the next items:
Compared to male prisons, those for females tend to . . .

-. . . house _______ inmates.

A) More
B) Fewer (or less)

Question 23

Use the following answer options for the next items:
Compared to male prisons, those for females tend to . . .

-. . . provide _______ recreational facilities.

A) More
B) Fewer (or less)

Question 24

Use the following answer options for the next items:
Compared to male prisons, those for females tend to . . .

-. . . offer _______ educational and vocational programs.

A) More
B) Fewer (or less)

Question 25

Use the following answer options for the next items:
Compared to male prisons, those for females tend to . . .

-. . . have _______ traditional (versus innovative) programs.

A) More
B) Fewer (or less)

Question 26

Use the following answer options for the next items:
Compared to male prisons, those for females tend to . . .

-. . . be _______ geographically remote.

A) More
B) Fewer (or less)

Question 27

Inmates join prison gangs in order to:

A) Meet unfulfilled needs
B) Promote racial or ethnic pride
C) Enhance self-esteem
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 28

Prison gangs are now also known as:

A) Security threat groups
B) Command and control groups
C) Self-defensive groups
D) Informal peer groups
E) Latent disturbance groups

Question 29

Prison gangs have been involved in:

A) Gambling
B) Sale of contraband
C) Homosexual relations
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 30

In response to security threat groups, prison administrators are:

A) Providing fiscal incentives for inmates to remain gang-free
B) Organizing prison groups to counteract known gangs
C) Aggressively prosecuting gang-related activities
D) Suspending the due process rights of known gang members
E) All of the above

Question 31

A prison riot can be defined as the correctional administration's loss of _______ over a significant number of _______, in a significant area, for a significant amount of time. Select the option that makes this statement true when placed in the blanks:

A) Autonomy, gangs
B) Authority, predisposing conditions
C) Authority, precipitating conditions
D) Control, inmates
E) Responsibility, prisons

Question 32

The first U.S. prison riot occurred in the year:

A) 1774
B) 1800
C) 1850
D) 1890
E) 1922

Question 33

The first U.S. prison riot occurred at the:

A) Attica Prison
B) Auburn Penitentiary
C) Elmira Reformatory
D) Newgate Prison
E) New Mexico Penitentiary

Question 34

The predisposing conditions of a prison riot include:

A) Cultural differences between inmates and staff
B) Inadequate food
C) Any incident that sets off the riot
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 35

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-Cultural differences between inmates and staff.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 36

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-Insensitive administrators.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 37

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-The existence of an organizational chain of command.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 38

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-The lack of a sufficient number of staff.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 39

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-Inmate complaints about the type and quantity of food served.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 40

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-A fight breaking out between an inmate and an officer.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 41

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-Overcrowding.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 42

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-Inmates feeling alienated from society.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 43

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-Inequitable parole decisions.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 44

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-The extent to which treatment programs focus on group techniques.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 45

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-A "spark" that sets off the riot.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 46

In terms of their relationship to prison riots, identify the following statements as potentially reflecting:

-Inmates feeling that they lack personal dignity.

A) A predisposing condition
B) A precipitating event
C) Neither A nor B

Question 47

Indicate by True or False whether the following would be considered early warning signs of a prison riot.

-Fewer inmates are requesting cell changes.

Question 48

Indicate by True or False whether the following would be considered early warning signs of a prison riot.

-A previously noisy cellblock appears to be much quieter.

Question 49

Indicate by True or False whether the following would be considered early warning signs of a prison riot.

-Fewer inmates are going to the yard for recreation.

Question 50

Indicate by True or False whether the following would be considered early warning signs of a prison riot.

-More new inmates are being admitted.

Question 51

Indicate by True or False whether the following would be considered early warning signs of a prison riot.

-There is more demand for commissary items.

Question 52

Indicate by True or False whether the following would be considered early warning signs of a prison riot.

-Less contraband is found during cell searches.

Question 53

Indicate by True or False whether the following would be considered early warning signs of a prison riot.

-Fewer inmates are complaining of illnesses.

Question 54

Indicate by True or False whether the following would be considered early warning signs of a prison riot.

-More inmates are requesting protective custody.

Question 55

Indicate by True or False whether the following would be considered early warning signs of a prison riot.

-Residents of the cellblock appear to have the TV on more often during the day.

Question 56

Indicate by True or False whether the following would be considered early warning signs of a prison riot.

-Racially mixed inmates who used to sit together in the dining hall now segregate themselves.

Question 57

The second stage of a prison riot is the:

A) Confrontation
B) Explosion
C) Explanation
D) Organization
E) Precipitating event

Question 58

Following the point at which custodial control is regained, the final stage of a prison riot is the:

A) Confrontation
B) Explosion
C) Explanation
D) Organization
E) Precipitating event

Question 59

The "organization" phase of a prison riot is when the:

A) Administration organizes its public statements for the press
B) Official investigation is organized
C) Rioters organize under an inmate leader
D) Correctional organization agrees to negotiate
E) Organization disciplines those involved in the riot

Question 60

In the past, most prison riots have been terminated by _______, but more recently the trend has turned toward _______. Select the option that makes this statement true when placed in the blanks:

A) Negotiation, lethal force
B) Lethal force, nonlethal force
C) Nonlethal force, lethal force
D) Use or show of force, negotiation
E) Lethal force, voluntary surrender after threat of force

Question 61

Proactively reducing the potential for prison riots means:

A) Segregating inmates at the first sign of trouble
B) Assigning inmates to a higher security classification
C) Ensuring that inmates are never in a position to take hostages
D) Listening and responding to inmate problems
E) A and B

Question 62

Proactively reducing the potential for prison riots means:

A)Segregating inmates at the first sign of trouble
B)Assigning inmates to a higher security classification
C)Ensuring that inmates are never in a position to take hostages
D)Listening and responding to inmate problems
E)A and B

Question 63

Cultural differences between inmates and staff. In relation to prison riots, this statement reflects:

A)Predisposing condition
B)Precipitating event
C)Neither A nor B

Question 64

The predisposing condition(s) of a prison riot include:

A)Cultural differences between inmates and staff
B)Inadequate food
C)Any incident that sets off the riot
D)A and B
E)All of the above

Question 65

The first U.S. prison riot occurred in the year:

A)1774
B)1800
C)1850
D)1890
E)1922

Question 66

A prison riot can be defined as the correctional administration's loss of __________ over a significant number of _________, in a significant area, for a significant amount of time. Select the option that makes this statement true when placed in the blanks:

A)Autonomy.............
B)Authority...............
C)Authority.........
D)Control..................
E)Responsibility........

Question 67

In response to security threat groups, prison administrators are:

A)Providing fiscal incentives for inmates to remain gang-free
B)Organizing prison groups to counteract known gangs
C)Aggressively prosecuting gang-related activities
D)Suspending the due process rights of known gang members
E)All of the above

Question 68

Prison gangs have been involved in:

A)Gambling
B)Sale of contraband
C)Homosexual relations
D)A and B
E)All of the above

Question 69

Recently, prison gangs are becoming known as:

A)Security threat groups
B)Command and control groups
C)Self-defensive groups
D)Informal peer groups
E)Latent disturbance groups

Question 70

Inmates join prison gangs in order to:

A)Meet unfulfilled need
B)Promote racial or ethnic pride
C)Enhance self-esteem
D)A and B
E)All of the above

Question 71

Compared to male prisons, those for females tend to be __________ geographically remote.

A)More
B)Fewer (or) less

Question 72

Compared to male prisons, those for females tend to have _________ traditional (vs. innovative) programs.

A)More
B)Fewer (or) less

Question 73

Compared to male prisons, those for females tend to offer _________ educational and vocational programs.

A)More
B)Fewer (or) less

Question 74

Compared to male prisons, those for females tend to provide _______ recreational facilities.

A)More
B)Fewer (or) less

Question 75

In relation to prison riots, this statement reflects:

A)Predisposing condition
B)Precipitating event
C)Neither A nor B

Question 76

Insensitive administrators. In relation to prison riots, this statement reflects:

A)Predisposing condition
B)Precipitating event
C)Neither A nor B

Question 77

The "organization" phase of a prison riot is when the:

A)Administration organizes its public statements for the press
B)Official investigation is organized
C)Rioters organize under an inmate leader
D)Correctional organization agrees to negotiate
E)Organization disciplines those involved in the riot

Question 78

Following the point at which custodial control is regained, the final stage of a prison riot is the:

A)Confrontation
B)Explosion
C)Explanation
D)Organization
E)Precipitating event

Question 79

The second stage of a prison riot is the:

A)Confrontation
B)Explosion
C)Explanation
D)Organization
E)Precipitating event

Question 80

Inmates feeling that they lack personal dignity. In relation to prison riots, this statement reflects:

A)Predisposing condition
B)Precipitating event
C)Neither A nor B