Deck 27: Immunologic Alterations

Question 1

The three primary functions of the immune system are to prevent or ameliorate infections, maintain homeostasis, and to:

A) promote phagocytosis
B) produce white blood cells
C) prevent or ameliorate allergies
D) recognize self from nonself

Answer 1

recognize self from nonself

Question 2

At what age does a child's immune system mature?

A) 1 to 2 years
B) 3 to 6 years
C) 7 to 10 years
D) 11 to 14 years

Answer 2

3 to 6 years

Question 3

The processes of immunity are classified in which of the following ways?

A) innate or acquired
B) rapid and long-term
C) class A and class B
D) grade I and grade II

Answer 3

innate or acquired

Question 4

What is the body's main defense against viruses?

A) T lymphocytes
B) B lymphocytes
C) interferon
D) interleukin

Question 5

The chemical mediators or messages communicating throughout the immune processes are:

A) interferon
B) helper T cells or T lymphocytes
C) cytokines or interleukin
D) B lymphocytes

Question 6

Where are the B lymphocytes produced?

A) bone marrow
B) thymus gland
C) spleen
D) liver

Question 7

The final major component of the immune response, complement, accomplishes which of the following things?

A) facilitates vasodilation and increased circulation
B) amplifies immune response and facilitates phagocytosis
C) boosts the production of hemoglobin and oxygen to cells
D) carries white blood cells (WBCs) quickly into areas of infection

Question 8

Which of the following best defines autoimmunity?

A) the immediate response to a foreign protein
B) immunity that is built into the body's defense system
C) start-up system to fight invaders that does not require conscious effort
D) identification of self as foreign and mounting of immune response

Question 9

Which of the following groups of children are most likely to suffer from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?

A) African American
B) Asian
C) Caucasian
D) Native American

Question 10

What percentage of children satisfactorily recover from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with no functional limitations?

A) 33%
B) 40%-50%
C) 66%
D) 80%-90%

Question 11

What are the classic symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

A) severe joint pain that varies from sharp to burning pain
B) morning immobility, stiffness, and joint pain
C) swollen joints that are irregular in shape
D) nighttime pain that causes difficulty sleeping

Question 12

The diagnostic criteria for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) include:

A) onset before age 16
B) duration of at least 2 weeks
C) loss of feeling or motion
D) subnormal temperature

Question 13

Which of the following laboratory results would the nurse most likely find reported on a child who has juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

A) increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
B) decreased C-reactive protein
C) decreased white blood cell count (WBC)
D) increased hemoglobin

Question 14

You are the nurse giving discharge instructions to the caregivers of a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who is going home from the hospital. The caregivers ask about physical activities. Which of the following activities would be best for this child?

A) swimming and golf
B) football and basketball
C) wrestling and karate
D) ice hockey and skateboarding

Question 15

The nurse has given the family of a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis instructions on nutrition and diet. Which of the following reports given by the family a week later on what they have been serving will best indicate that they followed the nurse's instructions?

A) "Our child does not like much of anything except sweets, so we serve a lot of sweet foods."
B) "We have increased the amount of olive oil in our child's otherwise balanced diet."
C) "We serve less beef and pork and more eggs and fish such as salmon for protein."
D) "We provide 3 to 4 servings of protein each day as part of a balanced diet that is low in fat and low in sodium."

Question 16

Which of the following is the first-line treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

A) corticosteroids
B) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
C) slow-acting antirheumatic drugs (SAARDs)
D) hydrochloroquine

Question 17

Which of the following is a medication that has been found to work in a completely new way in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

A) methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
B) hydrochloroquine (Aralen)
C) etanercept (Enbrel)
D) sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

Question 18

The usual onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is at which of the following ages or time periods?

A) 1 year
B) 2 years
C) before age 3
D) after age 5

Question 19

Which of the following is the telltale sign of systemic lupus erythematosus?

A) polyarthritis
B) butterfly-shaped macular rash over the bridge of the nose and cheeks
C) large nodules
D) fine irregular rash over the entire body, which fades with sleep or rest

Question 20

Which of the following groups is most affected by systemic lupus erythematosus?

A) females
B) Caucasians
C) children under 5
D) elderly over 65

Question 21

The nurse is working with a child who is in for diagnostic tests. The lab results for the child's antinuclear antibodies (ANA) come back positive. These results support which conclusion?

A) It is unlikely that this is a case of systemic lupus erythematosus.
B) The child has negative antibodies to DNA.
C) The child likely has systemic lupus erythematosus.
D) The child's kidneys are involved in one of the autoimmune disorders.

Question 22

Which of the following statements by a caregiver of a child with systemic lupus erythematosus would indicate that the caregiver understood the nurse's teachings?

A) "We don't give the child any milk or milk products."
B) "We protect our child from sunlight as much as possible."
C) "Our child is not allowed to play with other children."
D) "There is no gluten in any of the foods we serve our child."

Question 23

Which of the following opportunistic infections is the most common acquired-immunodeficiency-syndrome-defining condition in infants up to 1 year of age?

A) Pneumocystiscarinii pneumonia
B) histoplasmosis
C) cytomegalovirus disease
D) cryptosporidiosis

Question 24

Over 84% of newborn babies prenatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are of which of the following races?

A) Caucasian and American Indian
B) African American and Hispanic
C) Asian
D) Eskimo

Question 25

The nurse working with pregnant women and new mothers in developed countries will advise these women to avoid:

A) breastfeeding
B) sunlight
C) supplementing breast milk with formula
D) exercising in any health clubs or gyms

Question 26

Which of the following groups of clients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will the nurse find have the most severe symptoms?

A) young adult women
B) men diagnosed with HIV as adolescents
C) children diagnosed with HIV then young
D) middle-aged men