Deck 1: Overview of Pediatric Nursing

Question 1

Which of the following major problems results from the denial of preventive services (such as prenatal care, dental care, and immunizations) to any given population?

A) spiraling costs for emergency medical services
B) health maintenance organizations losing money
C) extensive waiting lists for clinic health care services
D) closing of small community hospitals

Answer 1

spiraling costs for emergency medical services

Question 2

Which of the following factors most increases the prevalence of illnesses such as asthma and anemia, as well as respiratory and gastrointestinal infections?

A) household smokers
B) family history of these illnesses
C) poverty
D) education

Answer 2

poverty

Question 3

The children who are at greatest risk of infant death are born:

A) to mothers under age 18
B) into families in poverty
C) to fathers and mothers over age 40
D) into families with alcohol problems

Answer 3

into families in poverty

Question 4

The chance that a child will have to repeat a grade in school or be placed in special education classes:

A) is the same for the general population, regardless of circumstances
B) depends mainly on the quality of the schools and the teachers
C) increases a small amount for each year the child lives in poverty
D) depends mainly on whether the child has moved during the school year

Question 5

The fastest-growing segment of the homeless population consists of which of the following groups?

A) alcoholics refusing treatment
B) mentally ill people
C) single males
D) families with children

Question 6

Which of the following groups of people disproportionately represents the homeless population?

A) African Americans
B) Caucasians
C) Hispanics
D) Asians

Question 7

A teacher confers with the school psychologist and the school nurse about a child who has poor attention span, aggressive behaviors, delayed speech, and shyness, and who tends to withdraw. This child often falls asleep in class, saying he is not sleeping at night. Which of the following situations or conditions is most likely to cause or contribute to the behavior exhibited by this child?

A) sharing a room with a sibling
B) attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity
C) homelessness
D) narcolepsy

Question 8

Psychological problems most often identified among homeless children are:

A) conduct disorder
B) oppositional defiant disorder
C) depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems
D) personality problems and difficulty with authority figures

Question 9

Because of their age, children are most likely to gain access to a firearm in:

A) the home or the home of a friend or relative
B) a pawn shop
C) a local gun dealer or a gun and knife show
D) a sports store

Question 10

The infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of infant deaths:

A) during the first month of life for a given country
B) during the first year of life per 1,000 live births
C) compared to live births in a given location
D) from natural causes in the first year of life per 100 births

Question 11

Which of the following racial groups has the highest infant mortality rate?

A) Caucasians
B) Asians
C) American Indians
D) African Americans

Question 12

The United States has which of the following ranks among the developed nations that have the lowest infant mortality rates (IMRs)?

A) 1
B) 17
C) 23
D) 30

Question 13

At the beginning of the 20th century, the major cause of child mortality for children aged 1 to 19 was:

A) farm accidents
B) firearms
C) infectious diseases
D) industrial accidents

Question 14

Today, which of the following causes of death accounts for the majority of deaths in children ages 1 to 19?

A) unintentional injuries
B) homicide
C) suicide
D) respiratory illnesses

Question 15

For children under 1 year of age, what is the leading cause of unintentional injury-related deaths?

A) motor vehicle occupant injury
B) suffocation
C) drowning
D) fires

Question 16

The leading causes of injury-related death for children aged 1 to 4 years is:

A) choking and drowning
B) fires and burns
C) fires and neglect
D) drowning and motor vehicle occupant injury

Question 17

The leading cause of injury-related deaths in adolescents aged 14 to 19 is by:

A) drowning
B) motor vehicle occupant injuries
C) suicide
D) homicide

Question 18

In the United States, which of the following occupations is the most hazardous?

A) agriculture
B) mining
C) construction
D) medical

Question 19

In 1987, the Association for the Care of Children's Health (ACCH) stated that paramount in the concept of family-centered care is meeting the ever-changing needs of:

A) the individual child
B) all family members
C) the community
D) the society

Question 20

One of the eight key elements of family-centered care states that the constant in a child's life is the:

A) church
B) school
C) neighborhood
D) family

Question 21

Which of the following describes the exchange of information between families and professionals in family-centered care?

A) Only medical information needs to be exchanged between professionals and the family when necessary.
B) Complete and unbiased information must be exchanged between professionals and family in a supportive manner at all times.
C) The family will decide what information they are comfortable with giving the professionals.
D) Professionals will set the parameters for information in the first interview with the family and will contact the family for information as needed.

Question 22

The medical model directs health care professionals to follow the roles of:

A) advocate and advisor
B) teacher and director
C) evaluator and controller
D) manager and mentor

Question 23

To empower caregivers of children to make decisions about their child's care, the health care provider most needs to:

A) assess family decision making in the past
B) provide needed education and knowledge for the family
C) tell the family they are in charge of decisions
D) initially make difficult decisions and let the family make easier ones

Question 24

Placing no limits on the ages or numbers of visitors and providing sleeping facilities for the caregivers in a child's room in a health care facility will most likely bring which of the following results?

A) The child will be more dependent on the family.
B) There will be loss of rest by the child.
C) Family-centered care will be enhanced.
D) Nurses will find procedures less difficult to carry out.

Question 25

Professional pediatric nurses practice in a wide variety of settings. In each setting the primary roles of the pediatric nurse will:

A) be universal or be the same
B) vary slightly
C) be slightly similar
D) vary widely

Question 26

Atraumatic care refers to:

A) care of children without wounds or assaults
B) care that avoids any harm to the child or the family
C) a philosophy of providing health care that minimizes or eliminates physical or psychological distress for children and their families
D) any care by the nurse, or other members of the health care team, that does not involve an invasive procedure to the child

Question 27

Which of the following actions by the nurse best exemplifies atraumatic care?

A) using a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream 1 hour before blood draws or the use of any needle
B) requesting assignment to a general medical unit rather than the intensive care unit
C) handwashing when entering the room and before leaving the room
D) reverse isolation for the child who is immunologically compromised

Question 28

Which of the following best describes differentiated practice?

A) having a practice that is different from the usual practices of nurses
B) an area of nursing that is highly specialized
C) delineating a nurse's role and functions according to experience, competence, and education
D) separating different nursing roles in a hospital and using competency testing to determine who can fill these roles

Question 29

Which of the following roles best exemplifies the expanded role of the nurse?

A) medication nurse
B) pediatric nurse practitioner
C) obstetrical nurse
D) circulating nurse in surgery

Question 30

When the pediatric nurse informs children and families of their rights and options, as well as the consequences of options, and facilitates decision making, the nurse is acting mainly in which of the following roles?

A) leader
B) researcher
C) advocate
D) educator

Question 31

To be an effective educator, the nurse must initially have a knowledge of:

A) cognitive development
B) the reading level of the recipient
C) what grade level the recipient has attained
D) IQ levels

Question 32

An appropriate method for teaching preschool children would be:

A) a lecture
B) a slide show
C) a pretest and posttest
D) imitation

Question 33

Adolescents learn best when they:

A) see an immediate personal benefit
B) need to follow directions
C) attend a lecture session
D) have a long-term, challenging project

Question 34

Which of the following activities best exemplifies cognitive learning?

A) sharing feelings and ideas in a group of peers
B) working with clay or sand and water
C) drawing, finger painting, or painting with watercolors
D) describing or explaining something, or answering questions

Question 35

Affective learning activities would include:

A) taking a pretest before a lecture
B) making a stage set for a school play
C) one-to-one sharing of feelings and ideas
D) trying out for the basketball team

Question 36

Psychomotor learning activities include:

A) hands-on experiences, repetition, and immediate feedback
B) role-playing or modeling
C) sharing feelings or ideas with a peer and getting feedback
D) processing what happened in a group activity

Question 37

When the nurse is in the nurse manager role and delegates a task to someone else, the nurse manager is:

A) free of any responsibility for the task
B) held accountable for the task only if the delegate is not able to complete it
C) supposed to check on the work
D) still held accountable for the task

Question 38

The character of a nursing unit is determined mainly by the:

A) nurse manager
B) nursing staff
C) physicians
D) administration

Question 39

Which of the following nursing practice groups is able to order, carry out, and evaluate laboratory studies?

A) nurses with associate degrees
B) baccalaureate-prepared nurses
C) pediatric nurse practitioners
D) case managers

Question 40

Clinical pathways are developed to guide a health care team through a client's course of therapy. Their major purpose is to:

A) provide early warnings about the approaching need for higher level care
B) achieve specific client outcomes in a defined time frame
C) satisfy standards of accrediting organizations
D) simplify the work of the nursing staff and the health care team

Question 41

Critical pathways are designed to indicate:

A) key events that must happen each day in order to achieve an acceptable length of stay
B) actions that are acceptable by the health care team and actions that are not acceptable
C) the client's responsibilities in working with the health care team
D) turning points in which the client is not progressing normally and requires more critical care

Question 42

Case management is a practice model that was developed to:

A) provide supervision for a team of nurses who are working independently
B) minimize fragmentation of services and maximize individualization of care
C) reduce costs of health care through better organization of care
D) track large numbers of cases supervised or served by a health care organization

Question 43

A nurse is providing an educational series on the prevention of injuries. Which of the following interventions identified by the nurse are examples of key approaches in the prevention of injury? Select all that apply.

A) helmet safety programs
B) covering electrical outlets with safety covers
C) legislation
D) regulation

Question 44

Which of the following roles for the pediatric nurse are considered advanced practice? Select all that apply.

A) pediatric nurse practitioner
B) clinical nurse specialist
C) clinical care coordinator
D) case manager