Deck 6: The Mental Health System

Question 1

In the 1980's the National Institute of Mental Health conducted a study called the ECA. This was the

A) Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.
B) Estimation of Categorical Assistance Study.
C) Epidermal Catecholamine Adjustment Study.
D) Equivalency Estimate for Community Assets.

Answer 1

Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.

Question 2

The 1984 report on mental health disorders in three communities reported the sampled populations having a lifetime prevalence of

A) 15%.
B) between 28 and 38%.
C) 3 to 5%.
D) over 50%.

Answer 2

between 28 and 38%.

Question 3

The National CoMorbidity-R study performed in 20002001 found that a one year prevalence rate of _____ for "any psychiatric disorder."

A) 10%
B) 26%
C) 45%
D) 80%

Answer 3

26%

Question 4

The two National CoMorbidity studies found that _______ of those identified with psychiatric disorders were in treatment.

A) all
B) 60 to 80%
C) less than 50%
D) 75%

Question 5

The epidemiological study published by Kessler et al. in 2005 found that _______ were most likely to be seen for mental disorders.

A) psychologists
B) social workers
C) psychiatrists
D) general practitioner physicians

Question 6

The standard medical model for treatment assumes that the

A) doctor is the expert who prescribes the correct medicine.
B) patient is the passive recipient of medical knowledge.
C) illness is the result of biological imbalances.
D) All of the above.

Question 7

Our Western traditions of medicine can be traced to

A) the Greeks.
B) the Egyptians.
C) the Mesopotamians.
D) All of the above.

Question 8

Etiology is the

A) cause of the disease.
B) symptom complex for a given disease.
C) treatment for a disease.
D) All of the above.

Question 9

Psychiatric diagnoses have been provided from all of the following BUT NOT

A) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - IV
B) the International Code of Diagnosis.
C) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - IIIR.
D) the Psychological Manual of Diagnostic Categories.

Question 10

Freud believed

A) biology played an important role in the development of the psyche.
B) biology played no role in the development of the psyche.
C) biology played a minor role in the development of the psyche.
D) biology is insignificant in comparison to the environment.

Question 11

Alfred Adler believed human motivation was

A) based on sexual desire.
B) based on the desire to be empowered.
C) based on aggressive desires.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

Adler believed that healthy individuals were the result of

A) empowering environments.
B) environments that set healthy limits.
C) childhood experiences.
D) All of the above.

Question 13

According to the behavioral model, depression is a form of

A) learned helplessness.
B) internal locus of control.
C) unconditioned stimulus.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

Wolpe devised a method of dealing with anxiety situations called

A) systematic desensitization.
B) operant conditioning.
C) talk therapy.
D) Both b and c.

Question 15

Bogat and Jason believe that behavioral principles provide

A) a yin to community's yang.
B) technological tools for working in the community.
C) the opportunity for small successes on the path to systems change.
D) Both b and c.

Question 16

Research on Adverse Child Events have been shown to

A) be predictive of later psychopathology
B) be nonpredictive of later psychopathology
C) be helpful in developing successful coping skills in children
D) be nonrelated to later psychopathology but predictive of later marital problems

Question 17

Humanistic psychology includes

A) client centered therapy.
B) Abraham Maslow.
C) concerns about the negative effects of labeling.
D) All of the above.

Question 18

According to Chinese traditions, health was the result of

A) Yin dominance over Yang.
B) Yang dominance over Yin.
C) the balance of Yin and Yang.
D) the positive imbalance of Yin and Yang.

Question 19

Hippocrates believed that there were ______ natural humors.

A) two
B) six
C) four
D) ten

Question 20

For several centuries following the fall of the Roman empire, European explanations of mental illness drifted to the

A) supernatural.
B) the biological.
C) the material.
D) the environmental.

Question 21

The father of American psychiatry is

A) Benjamin Franklin.
B) Benjamin Rush.
C) John Adams.
D) William Adams.

Question 22

Deinstitutionalization is defined by

A) the avoidance of traditional institutional settings.
B) the utilization of institutional settings.
C) the understanding of systems within institutions.
D) All of the above.

Question 23

Psychotropic drugs are

A) mood altering.
B) drugs like thorazine.
C) one of the reasons deinstitutionalization was possible.
D) All of the above.

Question 24

Given the effect of deinstitutionalization, the New York Times (1986) claimed it wassynonymous with

A) actualization.
B) efficacy.
C) homelessness.
D) Both a and b

Question 25

One study found a positive economic environment and mental hospital admissions were

A) not related.
B) positively related.
C) negatively related.
D) mediated by age.

Question 26

Several studies found that deinstitutionalization was negatively affected by sociological factors like __________ and psychological factors like ___________.

A) adequate housing? stigma
B) sense of helplessness? social class
C) social class? neuroticism
D) gender? sexual orientation

Question 27

A 2006 study by the U.S. Department of Justice found that _________ of prisoners in local jails or federal prisons had histories of mental illness.

A) 15%
B) 80%
C) 64%
D) 24%

Question 28

The text proposes that one possibility for dealing with institutionalized mentally ill is for

A) mental health and the criminal justice system to coordinate.
B) mental health and the schools to work together.
C) mental health and cities to get together.
D) mental health and the political establishment.

Question 29

Heller et al. (2000) noted that the early deinstitutionalization efforts

A) saw housing options decrease as funding disappeared.
B) were wildly successful.
C) could not deal with patients due to incorrect diagnoses.
D) saw growing community support for clients as they adapted to their communities.

Question 30

Shadish et al. (1982) believed a good way to measure success of deinstitutionalization is

A) social integration.
B) lower rates of patients returning to the hospital.
C) quality of life.
D) Both a and b

Question 31

Recidivism is

A) repeating oneself.
B) returning to an institution.
C) a form of vomiting.
D) a type of intellectual insight.

Question 32

Kooyman & Walsh (2011) reported that the typical placement for the released psychiatric patient is

A) unsupervised.
B) a carefully supervised community placement.
C) not well funded.
D) both a and c

Question 33

Some characteristics of the Lodge Society are

A) shared responsibility, decision making and empowerment of residents.
B) gender specific interventions, medication emphasis and access to economic independence.
C) jobs, money and social welfare.
D) neighborhood integration, individual psychotherapy, and the establishment of insight.

Question 34

Among the modern models for dealing with the mentally ill is

A) intensive case management.
B) assertive community treatment.
C) wraparound services.
D) All of the above.

Question 35

The newer interventions for mental illness are focused on

A) integration of services.
B) provision of medication above all else.
C) use of paraprofessionals.
D) focus on volunteerism.

Question 36

Wraparound Interventions attempt to

A) focus on family strengths.
B) involve families in the treatment process.
C) individualize service plans.
D) All of the above.

Question 37

A novel measure of success for patients and people in general is

A) "capabilities" such as affiliation and optimism
B) lowered levels of diagnostic severity
C) duration of medication reduction
D) all of the above

Question 38

Assertive Community Treatment is assertive in

A) offering its clients needed services as determined by individual need.
B) moving the client toward institutionalization at first signs of pathology.
C) pushing for appropriate medication as soon as possible.
D) Both b and c

Question 39

NAMI is

A) the newest psychotropic drug.
B) the latest in community interventions.
C) a national association of "clients" and their families.
D) All of the above.

Question 40

Heller et al. (2000) have criticized the earlier concept of mental health centers based on "catchman areas" because

A) they were too small.
B) they were not socially defined.
C) they relied on physical geography and street boundaries.
D) Both b and c

Question 41

Clinical psychologists are NOT trained to

A) provide diagnoses.
B) provide individual treatment for pathology.
C) work in hospital settings.
D) change public policies.

Question 42

Cicchetti et al. (2010) found that ______ was related to later stress vulnerability and depression.

A) early onset physical and sexual maltreatment
B) poor academic performance
C) use of alcohol and drugs
D) adult anxiety

Question 43

Sameroff found that environments can be ______________ to individuals at biologicl risk of psychopathology.

A) protective
B) risky
C) both promotive and risky
D) both protective and risky

Question 44

Discuss the progression of mental health treatments from the midtwentieth century to present.

Question 45

In what ways might Adlerian and Jungian theories be supportive to community psychology theories and interventions?

Question 46

Describe and discuss some of the more recent interventions for the severely mentally ill in the community.

Question 47

How might we see community principles at work in some of the more recent interventions for the severely mentally ill in the community?

Question 48

Discuss Masten's ideas on resilient communities.

Question 49

What has been found in regard to Adverse Child Events and developmental psychopathology?

Question 50

Discuss Sameroff's work and its implications for a community psychology.