Deck 7: Social and Human Services in the Community

Question 1

In the American public welfare or public assistance system, who provides assistance to the recipients?

A) Charities
B) For profit agencies
C) The government
D) Public donations

Answer 1

The government

Question 2

How is poverty conceptualized in community psychology?

A) Covert discrimination
B) Prejudice
C) A lack of money
D) All of the above.

Answer 2

All of the above.

Question 3

According to the text, a major problem with social welfare programs in the U.S. is that

A) blacks benefit more than do Whites, a situation that has caused backlashes against welfare.
B) on the whole, women disproportionately benefit more than men from these programs.
C) people who most need the programs don't always know how to access the programs.
D) None of the above.

Answer 3

people who most need the programs don't always know how to access the programs.

Question 4

The difference between social insurance and other types of assistance programs is that social insurance is based on

A) contributions from large charitable foundations and organization.
B) benefit funds which have been previously earned by work.
C) community insurance groups operating independently of the government.
D) provision of assistance to individuals who may not have contributed to the fund.

Question 5

What is the major change to public assistance programs under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act?

A) Individuals seeking assistance can only earn as much as they paid into the system.
B) Single women with more than five children are not eligible for assistance for future children.
C) Individuals on public assistance must transition to full or part time work.
D) Unlike in the past, people on assistance can now remain on assistance indefinitely.

Question 6

According to the book, what are the results of research on welfaretowork programs?

A) Results demonstrate that such programs indeed create less dependency on welfare.
B) Research results are mixed - both good and bad results, depending on the study.
C) Research has found that the programs function better for women than for men.
D) Results illustrate that such programs decrease demand for welfare or assistance.

Question 7

Which statement regarding poverty in America is true?

A) The United States leads all industrialized nations of the world in child poverty.
B) Poverty rates for Whites and Blacks are finally about even now.
C) Food stamp programs provide about $5 a meal per person.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 8

How does the Grameen Bank function?

A) As a program where families of disaster can obtain money for food, clothes, etc.
B) As a blood bank for AIDS positive individuals with no health insurance.
C) As a bank that provides microcredit to impoverished women for startup projects.
D) As the funding organization for the Public Assistance Department of India.

Question 9

Most maltreated children are abused by

A) a parent acting alone or with another person.
B) a boyfriend or girlfriend of a single parent.
C) a stranger or someone relatively unknown to the child.
D) a neighbor or close relative.

Question 10

According to research, what factor(s) appear related to high incidences of child maltreatment?

A) Lack of sense of community
B) Surprisingly, high income levels
C) Lack of community parks and playgrounds
D) All of the above.

Question 11

Based on Garbarino's findings about neighborhoods, which of the following is true about child maltreatment and neighbors?

A) Neighbors don't want to be involved in child abuse and maltreatment cases.
B) Abuse is not necessarily a sign of a family in trouble but rather a community in trouble.
C) Neighbors cannot wait to turn each other in for child maltreatment, even false cases.
D) We cannot predict level of maltreatment from descriptions of zip code alone.

Question 12

In sum, based on information in the book, what most contributes to child maltreatment?

A) Environmental conditions, such as living in poverty
B) Factors inherent in the child, such as spoiled personality syndrome
C) Characteristics of the parents, such as substance abuse
D) The true cause(s) of child maltreatment is/are unknown at present.

Question 13

Traditional treatment efforts for child maltreatment typically

A) provide counseling to the family.
B) involve finding a new school for the child.
C) offer intervention by concerned neighbors.
D) take place before the maltreatment.

Question 14

A critical element of the most successful programs to prevent child maltreatment is

A) psychotherapy.
B) medical care for the mother.
C) parenting education.
D) stress management training.

Question 15

Olds has designed a program for teen mothers to reduce child maltreatment. What is true of his program?

A) The program has not been found to be effective in locations other than the pilot city.
B) The program involves nurses and the new mother's mother? not just the new mother.
C) The program intensively involves the father of the unborn child, an oftoverlooked player.
D) The program utilizes social workers as they are best able to look after the new child.

Question 16

According to research, __________ appear(s) to reduce the incidence of child maltreatment.

A) parental education
B) better childcare for working mothers
C) a good link between human services and families
D) A combination of all of these.

Question 17

Olds' program for child maltreatment prevention is most effective with which individuals?

A) Teenage fathers who have had multiple sexual contacts
B) Mothers living in rural rather than urban communities
C) Young mothers at risk and expecting their first child
D) None of these? the program is expensive and not effective

Question 18

The Nurse Home Visitation Program appears ineffective in preventing child maltreatment

A) when the young mothers are uneducated.
B) when the nurse and mother are of different ages.
C) when there is domestic violence in the home.
D) None of these? it is fairly universally effective.

Question 19

Community psychologists argue that an effective intervention for child maltreatment is via national policies directed at

A) unemployment.
B) childcare.
C) income maintenance.
D) All of these.

Question 20

Currently, ________ has the highest documented teen pregnancy rate in the world?

A) United States
B) Mexico
C) Russia
D) Sweden

Question 21

How has the rate of teen pregnancy changed in the U.S.?

A) It has been steadily, albeit slowly increasing with historic time.
B) The rate had slowed, but just recently increased again.
C) The rate of teen pregnancy in the U.S. is lower than any other industrialized country.
D) American teens are now less likely to use contraception than at any other time.

Question 22

How is public assistance related to teen pregnancy rates in the U.S.?

A) Research demonstrates that welfare assistance promotes teen pregnancy.
B) Research shows that the two are unrelated or uncorrelated.
C) Research confirms that teen pregnancy causes welfare rates to go up.
D) Research provides evidence that the two are strongly related to one another.

Question 23

What approach to reducing teen pregnancy is most consistent with the principles of community psychology?

A) Providing access to birth control methods for teens.
B) Sex education classes from kindergarten through college.
C) The "Just Say No" and other such abstinence programs.
D) Reducing depictions of sex in the media.

Question 24

Teen mothers often

A) give birth to babies of low birth weight.
B) are more likely to maltreat their children.
C) have higher school dropout rates than other teens.
D) All of these are true.

Question 25

Teen mothers, compared to teens who postpone parenthood, have

A) lower rates of school completion.
B) more stable employment situations.
C) lower rates of poverty.
D) All of the above.

Question 26

The ecological approach to teenage pregnancy prevention takes into account the __________ surrounding the adolescent engaging in sexual behavior.

A) familial settings
B) social settings
C) general environment (i.e. media)
D) All of these.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a contextual factor per se surrounding teen pregnancy?

A) Peer pressure to engage in sex
B) Exposure to the mass media
C) Ethnicity
D) School alienation

Question 28

The Campaign for Our Children

A) helps to prevent teen pregnancy.
B) is media not school based.
C) uncovered a lack of understanding of reproduction by teens.
D) All of the above are true of the campaign.

Question 29

Which of the following is true about abstinence only, sex education programs?

A) Such programs routinely teach about contraception.
B) States adopting such programs experience increased teen pregnancy.
C) Such programs may be most influential on younger children.
D) None of these is true.

Question 30

What is true of comprehensive sex education programs?

A) Besides contraception, such programs teach a variety of material related to sexuality, such as body image, interpersonal relationships, and gender roles.
B) Most teachers and American adults believe that comprehensive rather than abstinence only sex education should be taught in the schools.
C) Such programs, because they teach about contraception, are effective because knowing about contraception accounts more for declines in teen pregnancy than does abstinence.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 31

Which group has been relatively ignored in the community psychology literature?

A) Pregnant teens
B) Maltreated children
C) The elderly
D) The homeless

Question 32

What is predicted to happen to the elderly population in the U.S. by the year 2030?

A) More elderly will find themselves in nursing homes.
B) The elderly will die at younger ages due to less funding for the elderly.
C) The percent of elderly in our population is expected to increase.
D) None of the above.

Question 33

Research in the U.S. and of interest to community psychologists working with the elderly has demonstrated that many elderly

A) reside in their own homes.
B) reside in the assisted living facilities.
C) reside in master planned communities for the elderly.
D) None of these is true? the elderly are primarily homeless.

Question 34

The ineffectiveness of telephone support on fostering well being among the elderly in the Heller et al. study could be attributed to

A) the perceived unreliability of the same age phone companions.
B) the newness of the relationship with a person who was a relative stranger.
C) the artificial nature of the relationship (phone friends were randomly assigned).
D) All of the above.

Question 35

What has research revealed about the results of Internet use to foster social support in this age group?

A) The elderly are extremely resistant to using computers and, thus, the Internet.
B) The elderly, sadly, have too many physical and cognitive disabilities to use computers.
C) Elderly who utilize the Internet improve on health, life satisfaction, and other measures.
D) Men, but not women (who like to socialize face to face) benefit most from Internet use.

Question 36

Besides social support, what other dimension is important to improving the elderly's quality of life and has been specially flagged by community psychologists working with them?

A) Enhanced self control in many aspects of daily living.
B) Increased counseling in the areas of health insurance or finances.
C) Better job seeking skills for locating part time work.
D) Increased use of alternative housing (e.g. assisted living).

Question 37

According to Rossi (1990), the _________ homeless are the type of homeless seen on city streets after World War II and generally match our contemporary stereotype of homelessness.

A) new
B) old
C) alpha (versus beta)
D) mentally ill

Question 38

The old homeless _________, while the new homeless _________.

A) can only be found in large cities? are found in small cities and rural areas
B) are typically older, alcoholic or mentally disordered men? are comprised of families
C) are veterans of foreign wars? have never served in a war - foreign or domestic
D) None of these.

Question 39

One difference between the old homeless and the new homeless is that the new homeless

A) are comprised mostly of war veterans from recent wars.
B) experience greater economic destitution than the old homeless.
C) are more likely to be White than minority, different from in the past.
D) are much more elderly than are the old homeless.

Question 40

Studies have shown that homelessness is a(n) _________ condition for most individuals.

A) chronic
B) episodic
C) voluntary
D) All of the above.

Question 41

With regard to homelessness, Shinn and others suggest that

A) with few subsidized housing units available, homeless families will continue to be homeless.
B) new public assistance guidelines are dramatically assisting the homeless to find housing.
C) the homeless problem will evaporate as families become smaller and smaller.
D) the homeless problem in the U.S. is greatest at present but will be slowing in the future.

Question 42

The largest group of homeless individuals is now

A) single women with children.
B) single men.
C) families.
D) the elderly.

Question 43

How does Japan and the Czech Republic differ on the issue of homelessness?

A) In Japan, families generally assist the homeless, while in the Czech Republic, NGOs generally assist the homeless.
B) The Japanese have few homeless individuals? the Czech Republic has many homeless.
C) In Japan, there are few homeless minorities? in the Czech Republic, most homeless are minorities.
D) None of these is a true, researched difference.

Question 44

Which of the following has been demonstrated in research to be the most important factor explaining homelessness in the U.S. today?

A) Mental illness
B) Alcoholism and substance abuse
C) Unemployment
D) Lack of affordable housing

Question 45

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) includes all except the following forms of harm:

A) physical violence toward a partner.
B) sexual violence toward a partner.
C) psychological violence toward a partner.
D) abuse of a partner's children.

Question 46

Which statement is NOT true with regard to Intimate Partner Violence?

A) There can be significant consequences to one's health such as the central nervous system.
B) The psychological wounds can be more difficult to heal than the physical wounds.
C) It typically causes the abused partner to seek revenge on the abuser.
D) It can have damaging effects on children who witness abuse.

Question 47

What factor has been identified as a primary contribution to why men are violent toward their female partners?

A) A history of being abused as a child
B) Stereotypical gender role adherence
C) An inability to handle one's emotions
D) A fear of intimacy

Question 48

One of the key factors in helping women permanently escape violent relationships is thought to be:

A) increasing their self esteem.
B) having the abuser arrested.
C) providing couple's therapy.
D) economic self sufficiency.

Question 49

Elder Abuse DOES NOT include the following types of harm.

A) Financial exploitation
B) Physical abuse
C) Medical neglect
D) Ageism

Question 50

Differentiate between social welfare, charity, and social insurance. Provide a concrete example of each.

Question 51

For any one social issue discussed in the chapter on social services (teen pregnancy, homelessness, child maltreatment, or services for the elderly), describe one traditional approach to intervention and then an alternative approach using community psychology principles. Detail WHY the principles of community psychology are supported by the latter program. Then provide research evidence that the community psychology intervention is effective.

Question 52

Provide a history of the offering social services in the U.S. Critique each form of social service provision as you detail the history.

Question 53

Supply a concrete example for each of the following: old homeless, public assistance, social welfare, sense of self control, rough sleeping, child maltreatment, social support for the elderly, welfare to work, abstinence only sex education, and familismo.

Question 54

What are the pros and cons of the welfare to work program promulgated by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996?

Question 55

Describe the scope of the child maltreatment problem, its causes, the consequences to the child, and at least one community psychology intervention designed to prevent or reduce the incidence. Provide some reasons why the intervention supports the principles of community psychology and then some research results demonstrating that the program is effective.

Question 56

Describe the scope of the teen pregnancy problem in the U.S., the causes, the consequences to the teen, and at least one community psychology intervention designed to prevent or reduce the incidence of teen pregnancy. Provide first some reasons why this intervention supports the principles of community psychology and then some research results demonstrating that the program is effective.

Question 57

Explain the differences between abstinence only sex education programs and comprehensive sex education programs. Which do you think is better and why? Base your answer on research only.

Question 58

Compare and contrast the Carrera sex education program and the Escuelitas teen pregnancy prevention program. Do both support the principles of community psychology? How so?

Question 59

What factors contribute to sex education with Hispanics to be challenging? Describe one program designed to provide sex education to prevent teen pregnancy in Hispanic youth. Then discuss how the program addresses factors specific to the Hispanic culture as related to teen pregnancy and also discuss how the program incorporates principles from community psychology.

Question 60

Describe in some detail one secondary prevention program for working with pregnant or once pregnant teens to prevent subsequent pregnancies. How does the program encompass the principles of community psychology? Provide evidence that the program is successful.

Question 61

At age 14, Sheila is beginning to engage in sex. What would you tell her to dissuade her from becoming a "statistic" as a teenage mother? Describe a program you might offer her? Why this program?

Question 62

How is the elderly population changing? Describe a program (one each) for how community psychologists can enhance social support for and personal control in the elderly. How does each of these two programs integrate the principles of community psychology?

Question 63

Fidelina wants to place her elderly mother in a nursing home. What would you tell Fidelina about the soundness of this idea? What alternative arrangements could you suggest in lieu of a nursing home?

Question 64

Living in her own apartment, Josie is elderly and poor. She is somewhat frail but is still ambulatory and mentally sharp. She unfortunately has no relatives residing in the same city. Some friendly neighbors worry about her and call Social Services. What typically might happen to Josie; what would community psychologists like to see happen?

Question 65

Describe the scope of the homeless problem in the U.S., as well as its causes, and at least one community psychology intervention designed to prevent or reduce the incidence of homelessness? Then provide first some reasons how this intervention supports the principles of community psychology and second some research results demonstrating that the program is effective.

Question 66

Describe how homelessness in the U.S. has changed over time. What factors are involved in causing today's homelessness? What are the implications of these causes for the solutions proposed by community psychologists?

Question 67

You sit on the U.S. President's Cabinet and can recommend changes to public policy. What policy changes would you like to see implemented related to the social issues of teen pregnancy, homelessness, child maltreatment, and services for the elderly? Why?

Question 68

Select any one social problem from the following and describe which (and how) various ecological factors contribute to the existence of this problem: child maltreatment, teen pregnancy, or homelessness.

Question 69

Why do you think violence toward women is such a global problem? What factors of the ones you have read about might best explain the prevalence and universal nature of intimate partner violence?

Question 70

Community psychology views interventions aimed at systems to be more effective than those aimed at individuals. For the Cure Violence and READI strategies described in the text, it can be argued that the programs combine elements of both systems- and individual-focused strategies. What types of evidence or outcomes would you expect to see if these programs were successful? Think about both individual and community level evidence.

Question 71

Research has found a connection between poverty and child mistreatment. How would you explain this connection and what would community psychologists say are the best strategies to reduce both issues?