Deck 2: Ethics for a Diverse World

Question 1

Because of the _______________ differential in the counseling relationship, the risk of exploitation is high.

A) gender
B) age
C) education
D) training
E) power

Answer 1

power

Question 2

The first formal ethics code was adopted by the American Psychological Association (APA) in

A) 1933.
B) 1943.
C) 1953.
D) 1963.
E) 1973.

Answer 2

1953.

Question 3

The American Psychological Association's (APA) ethics committee is charged with reviewing the ethics code every _______ years.

A) two
B) five
C) seven
D) 10
E) 15

Answer 3

five

Question 4

Which of the following perspectives has had the most significant influence on ethical practice in the last 35 years?

A) humanistic
B) intercultural
C) existential
D) behavioral
E) feminist multicultural

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an intention of the general principles of the APA Ethics Code?

A) sanctionable
B) inspirational
C) educational
D) ideal
E) aspirational

Question 6

The American Counseling Association's (ACA) Code of Ethics is revised every _______ years.

A) two
B) five
C) seven
D) 10
E) 15

Question 7

The 2005 revision of the American Counseling Association's Code of Ethics was characterized by an emphasis on

A) multicultural and diversity issues.
B) training and supervision.
C) research.
D) diagnosis.
E) mandated reporting.

Question 8

A move away from a strict ban on __________________ was a characteristic of the 2005 revision of the American Counseling Association's Code of Ethics.

A) bartering
B) dual diagnosis
C) payment in kind
D) using clients as research participants
E) dual or multiple relationships

Question 9

Which of the following is a category uniquely addressed (i.e., not addressed explicitly by other health-related organizations) by the American Counseling Association in its Code of Ethics?

A) supervision
B) end of life care
C) training
D) appropriate counselor-client relationships
E) research

Question 10

Both the American Psychological Association and the American Counseling Association rely on ________________ moral principles as the cornerstone of their respective ethical standards.

A) Roger's
B) Carkuff's
C) Kitchener's
D) Kohlberg's
E) Maslow's

Question 11

Which two key imperatives stem from the principle of autonomy?

A) salient treatment and referral
B) informed consent and confidentiality
C) confidentiality and privileged communication
D) referral and informed consent
E) privileged communication and salient treatment

Question 12

__________________________ refers to the notion that clients must agree to treatment and be apprised of the implications of that agreement.

A) Informed consent
B) Privileged communication
C) Therapeutic contract
D) Willing participation
E) Contractual agreement

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT listed as a mandate for moral action through feminist ethics of professional practice?

A) to nurture and develop each person's potential within the contexts in which they live
B) to create just social systems
C) to empower the individual
D) to attentively care for all people
E) to increase the use of feminist principles by professional colleagues

Question 14

_______________ is a feminist ethical responsibility intended to encourage psychotherapists to be "aware of the possible effects of their own physical and mental health on their ability to help those with whom they work."

A) Personal growth group participation
B) Annual physical exams
C) Self-care
D) Continuing education
E) Personal counseling

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true regarding the interplay of mainstream ethics and feminist/multicultural ethics?

A) Feminist/multicultural ethics grew out of mainstream ethics.
B) Mainstream ethics is moving away from an emphasis on multicultural and diversity issues.
C) It is virtually impossible for the two disparate philosophies to co-exist.
D) Mainstream ethics has grown closer to feminist/multicultural ethics.
E) Professionals valuing feminist/multicultural ethics are finding themselves distanced from the mainstream camp of the associations.

Question 16

________________________ strategies are those precautions issued by professional liability insurance companies, based on their views of counselor behaviors that can potentially lead to ethical violations, resulting in complaints and lawsuits.

A) Liability
B) Risk-management
C) Adherence
D) Professional guideline
E) Preventive

Question 17

Chapter author Melba Vasquez says that her early interest in ethics stems from her interest in

A) psychological theory and informed practice.
B) social justice and psychological theory.
C) informed practice and psychology of women.
D) psychology of women and minority psychology.
E) minority psychology and social justice.

Question 18

As a member of APA's ethics committee, chapter author Melba Vasquez learned much about the application of the bioethical moral principles under the chairpersonship of

A) Ken Pope.
B) Rosie Bingham.
C) Karen Kitchener.
D) Derald Wing Sue.
E) Eric Kohlberg.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a theme reflected in the philosophy and assumptions of ethical feminist multicultural therapy?

A) validation of the experience of women and people of color and other diverse groups
B) an ethic of care
C) empowerment of clients
D) genuineness in the psychotherapeutic relationship
E) maintenance of the expert therapist model

Question 20

Which of the following statements represents the most significant difference between ethical feminist therapy and traditional therapies?

A) Feminist therapy requires little specialized training because its approach is client-centered.
B) Feminists not only assess the individual and his or her family history but also examine the context of the individual's societal experience.
C) Ethical feminist therapists are not bound by the same rigid ethical guidelines as are traditional therapists.
D) Traditional therapies rely upon formalized treatment plans, whereas ethical feminist therapies are typically flexible and flowing.
E) Traditional therapies place more emphasis on empowering the individual in therapy.

Question 21

All of the following guidelines had been produced prior to APA's endorsement of the multicultural ethical guidelines in 2003, EXCEPT the guidelines for

A) psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients.
B) psychological practice with older adults.
C) psychotherapy with women and girls.
D) psychological services to ethnic, linguistic, and culturally diverse populations.
E) psychotherapy with immigrant clients.

Question 22

Most feminist approaches deal with the ________________ of women and other members of marginalized groups.

A) diagnosis
B) empowerment
C) assessment
D) treatment
E) narratives

Question 23

Empowerment of women clients involves promoting a feeling of strength and control centered in the

A) extended family.
B) environment.
C) internal structure.
D) individual.
E) experience.

Question 24

_______________________ refers to taking action to achieve equity for marginalized persons within existing political, social, and economic structures.

A) Social justice
B) Ethical decision-making
C) Empowerment
D) Professional practice
E) Environmental promotion

Question 25

In feminist philosophy, the "personal is

A) social."
B) paramount."
C) political."
D) just."
E) primary."

Question 26

Guideline

A) societal pressure
B) political power
C) organizational change
D) advanced multicultural training
E) formal consultation

Question 27

Some criticize APA's current ethics code for being less socially responsible than previous codes when it comes to the subject of boundaries of competence; particularly section (b) 9:02, which addresses

A) client confidentiality.
B) the use of assessments.
C) dual relationships.
D) privileged communication.
E) differential diagnosis.

Question 28

Which of the following is most likely to characterize future renditions of the APA Code of Ethics?

A) All standards related to dual and multiple relationships will have been removed.
B) A political backlash from the general populace will have influenced removal of special protections for multicultural and diverse clients, particularly lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients.
C) Increased litigation will have resulted in more stringent guidelines.
D) The ethical standards will be applied to professional role behaviors and the aspirational principles will be applied to personal behavior.
E) There will be an associational mandate that every section of the ethics code must explicitly address multicultural issues.

Question 29

Which of the following was NOT listed in the textbook chapter as a key to validating practice within feminist multicultural practice?

A) Ensuring that the psychotherapist and client share common life experience
B) Affirmation of the client experience
C) Trust in the reality of the client
D) Authorization of the experiences of the oppressed in his or her own voice
E) Attention to the lived experience of the oppressed

Question 30

Acting out of ___________________ means acting out of regard for another rather than simply responding to fixed rules and principles.

A) insight
B) humility
C) compassion
D) mutuality
E) sociopolitical context

Question 31

Ethical therapy involves the recognition of _______________________, the power we have over clients, and caring.

A) the trust that clients place in us
B) our own vulnerability
C) biases we all carry regarding diverse clients
D) the inability of clients to influence their social lot in life
E) the short-term effects of psychotherapy

Question 32

The concept of ____________________ speaks to the importance of being with the client in an engaging, genuine, present manner rather than maintaining a distant stance.

A) genuineness
B) flow
C) engagement
D) empowerment
E) mutuality

Question 33

Most feminist models of therapy are based on the concept that therapeutic healing occurs in the context of

A) social engagement.
B) formal treatment planning.
C) individual therapy.
D) loving bonds.
E) firm boundaries.

Question 34

Therapy outcome research indicates that the success of all techniques depends on

A) the formal training of the psychotherapist.
B) collaborative treatment planning.
C) the ability of the therapist to draw from multiple theories and approaches.
D) the length of therapy.
E) the client's sense of connection with the therapist.

Question 35

Kitchener's ethical principles are more formally known as the _______________ principles.

A) bioethical
B) moral
C) intervention
D) psychoethical
E) universal

Question 36

The guidelines often referred to as __________________ are designed to minimize the opportunity for therapists to use their patients for their own needs and gratifications.

A) foundation guidelines
B) boundaries
C) essentials
D) ethics of care
E) primary principles

Question 37

Many feminist multicultural ethicists construe boundary maintenance in therapy as a _______________, rather than a __________________ issue.

A) personal; political
B) bioethical; legal
C) continuous; dichotomous
D) transient; static
E) cultural; professional

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits of self-disclosure mentioned in Chapter 2 of the textbook?

A) It allows the client to reciprocate empathy, leading to client empowerment.
B) There can be a release of psychological distress for the therapist, thus leading to more effective practice.
C) It increases mutuality and connection with the client.
D) The consumer may experience validation of his or her own experience.
E) Increased professional visibility allows the client more power in the relationship.

Question 39

The ____________________ Institute Code of Ethics provides guidelines for therapist's disclosure in the context of the power differential.

A) Feminist Therapy
B) Bioethics
C) APA
D) Kitchener
E) Multicultural Therapy

Question 40

Which of the following is a likely result of a therapist answering a client's question with a limited amount of self-disclosure?

A) The client becomes fearful of the power shift and disengages from therapy.
B) The therapist is reprimanded for an ethical violation.
C) It leads to client gratification, thereby limiting the opportunity for therapeutic growth.
D) It risks eliciting anxiety and shame on the part of the client.
E) It potentially allows for deeper recycling through client issues.

Question 41

From a multicultural feminist perspective, attendance at such events as weddings, graduations, and performances may be

A) considered socially just.
B) blatantly unethical.
C) therapeutically meaningful.
D) mutually beneficial.
E) therapeutically unhealthy.

Question 42

Consulting with colleagues and documenting the decision-making process; conceptualizing the therapeutic benefit of your decision; and recording the outcome in therapy notes are essential tasks related to

A) reporting suspected abuse and/or neglect.
B) referring a client to a more culturally sensitive therapist.
C) decision-making surrounding a breach of confidence.
D) advancing mutuality with a client.
E) attending an extra-therapeutic event at the invitation of the client.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT listed in Chapter 2 of the textbook as a consideration when determining whether or not to accept a gift from a client?

A) the counselor's motivation for wanting or declining the gift
B) the number of times that the client has offered a gift
C) the monetary value of the gift
D) the therapeutic relationship
E) the client's motivation for giving the gift

Question 44

The nature of the relationship, the client's personal history, the client's current mental status, the likelihood of adverse impact on the client, and clear theoretical rationale serve as guides when making ethical decisions regarding

A) sexual relations with the client.
B) acceptance of a gift from the client.
C) terminating treatment of the client.
D) nonsexual touching of the client.
E) alternative therapies for the client.

Question 45

In Holroyd's and Brodsky's 1980 study, sexual intercourse between therapist and client was statistically related to

A) the degree of client distress.
B) nonsexual touching.
C) length of therapy.
D) gender of the therapist.
E) the differential application of touching.

Question 46

________________ models allow therapists to intervene in ways dissimilar to the traditional models (e.g., helping a depressed client get a job).

A) Social justice
B) Advocacy
C) Feminist
D) Wholistic
E) Activist

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Judith Jordan as a reason for therapeutic failure from the relational cultural perspective?

A) lack of desire for growth on the part of the client
B) therapist desire to control rather than respond
C) therapists listening to "outside judges" rather than their own voices
D) defensiveness on the part of the therapist
E) therapists' tendency to pathologize clients

Question 48

When therapists respond with _______________________, the risk of retraumatization for clients who have been oppressed is heightened.

A) lack of forethought
B) generalized approaches
C) power and control
D) rigid ethical frameworks
E) flexibility and genuineness

Question 49

Previously traumatized people are easily

A) manipulated.
B) shamed.
C) diagnosed.
D) treated.
E) assessed.

Question 50

When faced with an ethical dilemma, it is important for the therapist to refer to an

A) educational consultation.
B) internal audit.
C) environmental assessment.
D) ethical decision-making model.
E) associational framework.

Question 51

List the five general principles of the American Psychological Association's (APA's) Code of Ethics.

Question 52

What three things should counselors include in their documentation when they believe that a nonprofessional interaction with a client may be beneficial for the client?

Question 53

List the five moral principles as offered by Kitchener and provide a brief explanation of each.

Question 54

List four major categories of information typically included in an informed consent document.

Question 55

What does Chapter 2 author Melba Vasquez indicate in her biographical "Author's Journey" piece as the early experience that propelled her to adopt a feminist/multicultural ethics stance?

Question 56

What is the major criticism of the feminist philosophy, ethic of care?

Question 57

List the five beneficial components that result from mutuality.

Question 58

Explain how general ethical principles and ethical standards differ.

Question 59

What ethical guideline serves as the foundation for making decisions regarding self-disclosure?

Question 60

What are the six strategies generally endorsed in most ethical decision-making models?