Deck 2: The History of the Police in America

Question 1

The first appointed law enforcement officials in Colonial America were called ______.

A) constables
B) sheriffs
C) deputies
D) mounties

Answer 1

constables

Question 2

During the settlement of the American West, a group of armed male citizens that could be summoned by the sheriff to apprehend criminals or deal with other violent threats was called ______.

A) the regulators
B) Pinkerton guards
C) the posse
D) the watch

Answer 2

the posse

Question 3

The first police department in the United States was created in ______.

A) Boston
B) Los Angeles
C) New Orleans
D) Detroit

Answer 3

Boston

Question 4

The ______ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery.

A) 5th
B) 7th
C) 10th
D) 13th

Question 5

Following the Civil War, southern states implemented ______, which limited the rights of African American citizens.

A) the 21st Amendment
B) Black codes
C) habitual offender statutes
D) Civil Rights Act of 1866

Question 6

This law enforcement agency served as the model from which American police departments were built in the mid-1800s.

A) Frankfurt Auxiliary Police Force
B) Paris Police Prefecture
C) Dutch National Police Service
D) London Metropolitan Police Department

Question 7

During the mid-1800s, most police agencies in the United States operated at the ______ level.

A) local
B) state
C) federal
D) territorial

Question 8

In the late 1800s, the first women hired by U.S. police departments were called ______.

A) policewomen
B) police matrons
C) auxiliary officers
D) police constable

Question 9

After the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the ______ was unconstitutional, the number of Black police officers dropped substantially.

A) Civil Rights Act of 1875
B) 13th Amendment
C) Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
D) Homestead Act of 1862

Question 10

During which era of policing was corruption widespread, officers poorly trained, and selection and promotion tied to political party affiliation?

A) professional era
B) reform era
C) political era
D) community-based era

Question 11

This method of identification employed by police used 11 measurements to differentiate one person from another.

A) Bertillonage system
B) fingerprinting
C) file photographs
D) integrated biometrics

Question 12

During the late 1800s, increasing crime rates led to the creation of specialized police officers who were familiar with criminals and their tactics, called ______.

A) sergeants
B) investigative officers
C) detectives
D) community relations officers

Question 13

Historical detectives received compensation for providing testimony in court. This compensation was called ______.

A) overtime
B) a witness fee
C) a maintenance fee
D) a personnel service charge

Question 14

Which historical investigative tactic employed by police involved "rounding up the usual suspects"?

A) dragnet
B) the third degree
C) curbside justice
D) rogues gallery

Question 15

Historically, the practice of using force against suspects during interrogation to get them to disclose information was called ______.

A) curbside justice
B) dragnet
C) the third degree
D) rogues gallery

Question 16

The first state-level police agency was created in 1905 in ______.

A) Rhode Island
B) Massachusetts
C) Delaware
D) Pennsylvania

Question 17

Which of these federal agencies was created in 1909, developed a crime laboratory, began using fingerprinting as a large-scale method of identification, and now provides training to law enforcement officers across the country through its National Police Academy?

A) Federal Bureau of Investigation
B) Drug Enforcement Agency
C) U.S. Marshals Service
D) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives

Question 18

During which decade did the crime rate in the United States double, and the police found themselves facing off against rioters and demonstrators, and landmark decisions like Miranda v. Arizona were seen by many as "handcuffing" the police?

A) 1940s
B) 1950s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s

Question 19

______ is concerned with identifying and addressing community crime problems and addressing them with the input and assistance of members of the community.

A) Problem-oriented policing
B) Top-down policing
C) Legalistic policing
D) Watchman policing

Question 20

The ______ era of policing is characterized by an extraordinary amount of new research on police, crime, and criminal justice issues.

A) community problem-solving
B) political
C) professional
D) reform

Question 21

Some scholars suggest that as a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the police have become more ______.

A) ineffective
B) reactionary
C) militarized
D) decentralized

Question 22

______ is largely credited with creating the London Metropolitan Police Department.

A) Sir Robert Peel
B) Abner Doubleday
C) James Q. Wilson
D) Sir Walter Raleigh

Question 23

Early Criminal Justice research in the 1960s and 1970s found the following.

A) Motorized patrols do not prevent crime.
B) Detectives are the largest contributors to the resolution crimes.
C) Police Officers will very likely apprehend someone at the crime scene when they respond fast.
D) The style of policing at that time was highly successful.

Question 24

In what year did the Supreme Court of the United States rule that prolonged beatings as a method of extracting confessions were no longer an acceptable police practice?

A) 1801
B) 1850
C) 1936
D) 1964

Question 25

Problem-oriented policing was introduced by Herman Goldstein, who argued police should be more "problem-oriented" and less ______.

A) incident driven
B) repressive
C) militaristic
D) community oriented

Question 26

Berkley, California Police Chief ______, was responsible for a number of significant advancements in policing, including putting two-way radios in police cars, developing the first crime laboratory at a police department, and creating the first criminology program at an American university.

A) O.W. Wilson
B) Sir Robert Peel
C) August Vollmer
D) James Q. Wilson

Question 27

The introduction of ______ represented a first attempt to control and improve the police during the political era of policing.

A) street corner call boxes
B) performance evaluations
C) field training officers
D) early warning systems

Question 28

Why is it important to have knowledge of the history of police?

A) to understand why the police is often seen so controversial
B) We can only know what might work if we know what did not work in the past.
C) It can help us to "predict" the future.
D) All of these

Question 29

A cornerstone of community policing, ______ is the idea that the police and community work together to prevent crime.

A) community service
B) intelligence-led policing
C) mutual assistance
D) coproduction

Question 30

Which era of policing sought to get closer to the community and work with members of the community to fight crime?

A) pre-policing era
B) community problem-solving era
C) reform era
D) political era

Question 31

Studying police history is important because it can help to identify persistent police problems.

Question 32

Studying police history is of little value to modern police as the problems of the past are completely different from the problems the police face today.

Question 33

In Colonial America, groups of men who were charged with protecting the town from fires and suspicious persons were called the posse.

Question 34

Slave patrols were groups of slaves tasked with providing security services for southern plantations.

Question 35

The Texas Rangers were originally formed as a militia to defend citizens against Indians.

Question 36

The first professional police department in the United States was established in 1821 in Philadelphia.

Question 37

The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished slavery.

Question 38

Jim Crow laws required racial segregation in all public facilities.

Question 39

The Kyoto Prefecture Constabulary served as model on which American police departments were built in the mid-1800s.

Question 40

During the political era of policing, appointments and promotion of police officers were based on merit.

Question 41

During the political era of policing, the first national standards for police training were introduced.

Question 42

During the political era of policing, street-corner call boxes were introduced as a way to monitor and control police activity.

Question 43

"Curbside justice" was the practice of beating law breakers rather than arresting them.

Question 44

In the late 1800s, a criminal record would automatically exclude a person from consideration as a detective.

Question 45

The Bertillonage System of identification was so reliable that it is still widely used by police departments today.

Question 46

A "rogues gallery" is a collection of file photographs of known criminals.

Question 47

The third degree is the highest position a civilian can hold in most police departments.

Question 48

The Central Intelligence Agency operates a National Police Academy to provide advanced training to law enforcement officers across the country.

Question 49

During the reform era of policing, detectives put more emphasis on gathering information from criminals via interrogation than on gathering information from victims.

Question 50

During the reform era of policing, many police departments increased the number of racial minority and female police officers employed.

Question 51

During the 1960s, many viewed the police as racist due to media depictions of officers facing off against African American citizens.

Question 52

Studies conducted in the 1960s and 1970s confirmed that routine motorized patrols played a large role in deterring crime.

Question 53

The core tenant of community policing is the idea that the police should institute policies and practices that involve citizens in policing.

Question 54

Some say September 11, 2001 could be considered the beginning of community problem-solving policing.

Question 55

Provide three reasons why studying the history of policing is important.

Question 56

What were slave patrols and what function did they perform?

Question 57

What three major developments led to the creation of the first professional police departments in the United States?

Question 58

What role did the industrial revolution play in the creation of professional police departments?

Question 59

Explain what role "black codes" played in the oppression of Blacks in the post-Civil War era.

Question 60

Describe the political era of policing.

Question 61

Explain the role of Black police officers during the political era of policing.

Question 62

Assess the effectiveness of police patrol during the political era of policing.

Question 63

Explain and provide examples of the "third degree."

Question 64

Explain how technology changed the way police officers operated during the reform era of policing.

Question 65

Explain the role and extent of diversity in police departments during the reform era.

Question 66

Explain the reasons why the 1960s led to a crisis in policing.

Question 67

Name the four eras of policing and identify the characteristics of each of them

Question 68

Explain the concept of community-oriented policing.

Question 69

Explain the concept of problem-oriented policing.