Deck 3: Japan

Question 1

The Japanese Emperor's status is limited to a symbolic function

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Japanese Constitution grants a number of rights to people that are also found in the U.S. Constitution

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The Japanese Diet is a unicameral legislative body

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Japanese system of government is similar to many European systems in that a good deal of power and control rests with the central government

Question 5

In its early history, Japan had a method of self-help policing that was similar to the English tithing system

Question 6

The legislation that is the basis for the current police system of Japan is found in The Police Law (1954)

Question 7

The prefectural police organizations of Japan can establish their own policies and procedures because the National Police Agency does not have the legal standing to authorize a uniform set of rules

Question 8

Senior police officers are sent to a prefecture by the National Police Agency of Japan in order to manage the prefectural police

Question 9

The chuzaisbo are trained to handle riots.

Question 10

When a riot occurs in Japan, it is usually the result of racial or ethnic protests.

Question 11

In Japan, a term of service with the Kidotai enhances an officer's chances of promotion within the police

Question 12

The positive relationship between the police and the public is partially attributed to the natural submissiveness that the Japanese display toward authority figures

Question 13

The Japanese police have been criticized for their investigative tactics.

Question 14

Kobans are considered an integral part of the Japanese crime prevention program

Question 15

An accused can have their access to legal counsel restricted by the Japanese police

Question 16

As a group, the Japanese police are not as well educated as the general public.

Question 17

For centuries, the Japanese followed a tradition of allowing government administrators to resolve legal disputes rather than establish a separate court hierarchy and legal profession

Question 18

The Japanese high courts are limited solely to appellate jurisdiction

Question 19

In a Japanese trial, six saiban-in are always utilized

Question 20

The judicial responsibility of Japan's Supreme Court is limited to interpreting the Constitution

Question 21

For a law to be declared unconstitutional in Japan, nine justices must agree

Question 22

The Japanese Supreme Court rarely rules that a statute is unconstitutional

Question 23

District courts in Japan are responsible for handling only criminal cases

Question 24

The size of the Japanese legal profession is similar to other industrialized countries with comparable populations

Question 25

In Japan, those who aspire to a career in the legal profession must pass the national bar examination

Question 26

Because the principle of stare decisis is a key feature in Japanese law, judges follow judicial precedent

Question 27

If the evidence establishes guilt, a Japanese public procurator must prosecute the case

Question 28

Court-appointed lawyers are not available in Japan

Question 29

While Japanese codes reflect the Romano-Germanic tradition, the procedures have become increasingly adversarial in nature, reflecting the Anglo-American influence

Question 30

The Japanese have not established distinctions among criminal offenses by using the categories of felonies and misdemeanors

Question 31

In Japan, the judge has the sole responsibility to adjudicate criminal acts

Question 32

Although ignorance of the law is not a defense in Japan, the penalty can be reduced if the circumstances warrant such consideration

Question 33

Like many industrialized countries, Japan has abolished the death penalty

Question 34

When the Japanese police arrest a person, they must inform the suspect of the reason for the arrest and of the suspect's right to counsel

Question 35

In Japan, the courts have not acknowledged the existence of an exclusionary rule

Question 36

In Japan, the accused has the right to remain silent

Question 37

Kokoku appeals involve constitutional issues and are heard solely by the Japanese Supreme Court

Question 38

In determining how to proceed with the disposition of an offender, the paramount concern for the Japanese is how the decision will benefit society

Question 39

In Japan, retribution is achieved by alienating the offender from his or her group

Question 40

In Japan, sanctions of imprisonment always include the requirement of compulsory labor

Question 41

Approximately 97 percent of all sanctions in Japan involve a fine

Question 42

Japan has established two types of adult correctional facilities: prisons and houses of detention

Question 43

Houses of detention are used to hold people awaiting trial in Japan

Question 44

Japan's aftercare program is dependent on the help of voluntary organizations

Question 45

Japan has established special prisons for foreign inmates

Question 46

In Japanese law, embezzlement includes the unauthorized borrowing of an unattended bicycle

Question 47

A family court judge in Japan cannot transfer a case involving a juvenile to an adult court

Question 48

Approximately one-half of all cases brought to the Japanese family courts are dismissed without a hearing and an important consideration is to avoid labeling the young person a delinquent

Question 49

In Japan, an order to send neglected children to a home to support their independence can be imposed by a family court judge or the governor of the prefecture

Question 50

Japanese child guidance centers offer counseling for young people and their parents.

Question 51

Which is the least powerful of the political units found in Japan:

A) the House of Representatives
B) the prime minister
C) the Cabinet
D) the House of Councillors

Question 52

The emphasis that the Japanese place on the group is illustrated in:

A) the political arena
B) the business world
C) social relations
D) all of these

Question 53

From a political perspective, the United States offered its most significant influence to Japan following:

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) Korean War
D) Vietnam War

Question 54

The position of the Japanese prime minister is similar to that found in:

A) England
B) Russia
C) France
D) none of these

Question 55

The Japanese correctional system is regulated by:

A) the prime minister
B) the minister of justice
C) the minister of the interior
D) none of these

Question 56

The first attempts at developing a centralized law enforcement system in Japan occurred during:

A) the Occupation
B) the Tokugawa period
C) the Meiji period
D) none of these

Question 57

Following World War II, the most important American influence on Japanese policing was to:

A) decentralize the police
B) introduce automobiles for patrol
C) develop police community relations
D) establish a separate detective unit

Question 58

In actual practice, the activities of the Japanese police are the responsibility of:

A) the prime minister
B) the National Public Safety Commission
C) the National Police Agency
D) regional police bureaus

Question 59

During the course of reforming their police in the late nineteenth century, the Japanese relied upon the model established in:

A) The United States
B) China
C) England
D) France

Question 60

In Japan, the police are under the direct control of the:

A) prime minister
B) minister of the interior
C) minister of justice
D) home minister

Question 61

In Japan, the Kidotai are responsible for:

A) rescue missions
B) traffic enforcement
C) guarding the emperor
D) none of these

Question 62

In terms of law enforcement, the national government of Japan pays the cost for maintaining:

A) local training facilities
B) local communications networks
C) local criminal files
D) all of these

Question 63

In Japan, local public safety commissions are appointed by:

A) the prime minister
B) the National Police Agency
C) the governor of the prefecture
D) regional police bureau

Question 64

The Japanese introduced their first constitutional form of government in:

A) 1688
B) 1789
C) 1868
D) 1889

Question 65

According to the text, the police are viewed by much of the Japanese public as:

A) political figures
B) agents of the law
C) moral authority figures
D) none of these

Question 66

Once a person is arrested in Japan, they can be detained for questioning for up to:

A) 5 days
B) 7 days
C) 14 days
D) 23 days

Question 67

Criticisms surrounding Japanese police tactics during interrogations have been leveled by:

A) the Clean Government Party
B) European Convention on Human Rights
C) United Nations Human Rights Committee
D) none of these

Question 68

Japan's method of recruiting and training police officers is similar to that found in:

A) the United States
B) England
C) Europe
D) totally unique

Question 69

Japanese kobans have been noted for:

A) reflecting a neighborhood-centered police function
B) offering information or assistance
C) the first line in the system's law and order policy
D) all of these

Question 70

The right to be represented by legal counsel in a Japanese court was recognized in:

A) 1868
B) 1872
C) 1880
D) 1889

Question 71

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Japan's legal system was influenced primarily by:

A) China
B) France
C) England
D) Germany

Question 72

In the lower courts of Japan, the percentage of cases that end either in compromise or are withdrawn is approximately:

A) 75
B) 60
C) 50
D) 30

Question 73

The number of justices on the Japanese Supreme Court is:

A) 25
B) 21
C) 15
D) 9

Question 74

In serious criminal cases, the Japanese district court is comprised of:

A) 5 judges
B) 3 judges and 6 saiban-in
C) 3 judges
D) 1 judge and 12 saiban-in

Question 75

In Japan, saiban-in are utilized in:

A) the high courts
B) the district courts
C) the summary courts
D) all of these

Question 76

Those members of the Japanese legal profession who are trained at the Legal Training and Research Institute are:

A) judges
B) judges and procurators
C) attorneys
D) all of these

Question 77

In Japan, the extensive borrowing from Western legal thought began during the restoration period of:

A) Hirohito
B) Taisho
C) Meiji
D) Tokugawa

Question 78

The pass rate of applicants on the national bar examination of Japan is about:

A) 25-30 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 50-60 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 79

Japanese judges are:

A) elected
B) selected by the governor of the prefecture in which they will serve
C) appointed by the Ministry of Justice
D) none of these

Question 80

In Japan, a procurator has the authority to:

A) investigate a suspect
B) arrest a suspect
C) detain a suspect
D) all of these