Deck 16: Gender Issues in Career Counseling

Question 1

Historically, the last time true gender equity was believed to have existed was in the Stone Age.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Children as young as 2 or 3 years old are able to identify traditionally male and traditionally female occupations.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Among dual-career couples today, men and women take roughly equal respon- sibility for the household chores.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Today's woman, working in the same occupation as a man, earns almost the same income.

Question 5

Wage discrimination based on gender is illegal.

Question 6

A very bright 10-year-old girl who is in the fourth grade makes excellent grades, and she particularly enjoys and excels in math. By the time she enters college, we might expect that, as a result of her gender role socialization, she will:

A) Declare mathematics as her college major
B) Be planning to become an accountant
C) Question whether she is competent enough in math to pursue a mathematicsrelated career
D) Have a strong sense of self efficacy regarding her math ability

Question 7

A man who is addicted to work (is a "workaholic") is also most likely to:

A) Be unmarried
B) Have a Type A personality
C) Be the sole support of a large family
D) Have entered the civilian work force late, after several years of military service

Question 8

The earnings gap between a male and a female worker in the same occupation is likely to be the greatest when they are:

A) Salespersons
B) Neurosurgeons
C) Elementary school teachers
D) Automobile assembly line workers

Question 9

An ongoing effect of the "glass ceiling" in American corporations is:

A) More women are becoming CEOs of major corporations
B) More women are filing sexual harassment lawsuits
C) Women are achieving equal power with men
D) Few women are in senior management positions

Question 10

A major reason that more women with young children are in the workforce today is because:

A) There has been a decline in real family income
B) Quality day care is widely available
C) They are unwilling to postpone the personal fulfillment that comes with working
D) They have more materialistic values than their parents and want to be able to afford more luxury items

Question 11

Match the following:

-Men perceive that career and family obligations run parallel with each other

A) ghettoization
B) sandwich generation
C) dichotomous career decision making
D) glass ceiling
E) synchronous career decision making

Question 12

Match the following:

-Women perceive that family and career goals are in conflict with each other

A) ghettoization
B) sandwich generation
C) dichotomous career decision making
D) glass ceiling
E) synchronous career decision making

Question 13

Match the following:

-Women are clustered in certain jobs such as waitress, child care worker,and sales clerk

A) ghettoization
B) sandwich generation
C) dichotomous career decision making
D) glass ceiling
E) synchronous career decision making

Question 14

Match the following:

-Middle-aged workers must contend simultaneously with caring for children and for elders

A) ghettoization
B) sandwich generation
C) dichotomous career decision making
D) glass ceiling
E) synchronous career decision making

Question 15

Match the following:

-D Women are noticeably absent from the top ranks of corporate management

A) ghettoization
B) sandwich generation
C) dichotomous career decision making
D) glass ceiling
E) synchronous career decision making

Question 16

Gender is synonymous with sex, which refers to biological differences.

Question 17

Gender role socialization is based on assumptions about women and men that have been conditioned into our thinking over multiple generations.

Question 18

Occupational stereotyping is first evident in junior high school-aged children and becomes more prominent in the high school years.

Question 19

A "tolerable sex type boundary" is a set, narrow range of perceived occupational choices.

Question 20

Mathematics appears to be a "critical filter" that narrows the career choices of females.

Question 21

Women frame their career issues in a dichotomous way, meaning they are forced to choose between family and career.

Question 22

Male gender role socialization has taught men that their identity is defined primarily through their role in the family.

Question 23

Men's family and career obligations tend to be synchronous with each other, meaning they are in competing positions.

Question 24

Sexual harassment has been called the single most widespread occupational hazard for women.

Question 25

Role overload occurs when the demands of a role exceed a person's resources.

Question 26

A lack of adequate child care may be the biggest unresolved issue for working couples.

Question 27

The consequences of a workaholic lifestyle include lessened economic gains and the inability to advance in one's chosen profession.

Question 28

Women own approximately 10 percent of small businesses in the United States.

Question 29

Counselors are typically immune to society's gender-conditioning messages.

Question 30

The career counselor's primary goals need to include developing a culturally competent, non- assumptive stance.

Question 31

Counselors do not need to examine the emotional needs and lifestyle goals of their clients; instead, it is most important to examine financial need and aca- demic background.

Question 32

Historically, career development theories were patterned on life-stage models created from studying the experiences of men.

Question 33

Cultural issues, including gender, are separate and unrelated to career planning issues.

Question 34

Prior to test interpretation, counselors can incorporate a self-reflection phase, during which clients are encouraged to explore the impact of their gender role socialization on their career interests and goals.

Question 35

Most career assessment inventories have been revised to be more gender sensi- tive, so counselors do not need to be alert to inherent biases any longer.