Deck 15: Understanding Biotransformation and Drug Metabolism

Question 1

Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:

A)Less lipid soluble
B)More lipid soluble
C)More pharmacologically active
D)Less ionized

Answer 1

Less lipid soluble

Question 2

Select the right statement.

A)Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
B)Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
C)Microsomal oxidation always results in inactivation of a compound
D)Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated

Answer 2

Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug

Question 3

Choose the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent.

A)Water soluble
B)Lipid soluble
C)High molecular weight
D)Low molecular weight

Answer 3

Lipid soluble

Question 4

Metabolic transformation (phase 1) is:

A)Glucuronide formation
B)Binding to plasma proteins
C)Acetylation and methylation of substances

Question 5

Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?

A)Acetylation
B)Reduction
C)Oxidation
D)Hydrolysis

Question 6

Conjugation is:

A)Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
B)Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
C)Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
D)Solubilization in lipids

Question 7

Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:

A)Lipid soluble
B)Water soluble
C)Low molecular weight
D)High molecular weight

Question 8

Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:

A)Require the dose increase of some drugs
B)Require the dose decrease of some drugs
C)Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
D)Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug

Question 9

Conjugation of a drug includes the following except:

A)Glucuronidation
B)Sulfate formation
C)Hydrolysis
D)Methylation

Question 10

The renal clearance of inulin is used as a measurement of

A)effective renal blood flow
B)rate of renal drug excretion
C)active renal secretion
D)glomerular filtration rate

Question 11

p-aminohippurate is used to measure

A)effective hepatic blood flow
B)effective renal blood flow
C)CFR
D)None of the above

Question 12

Total body clearance is

A)the drug elimination rate divided by the plasma drug concentration
B)the drug elimination rate divided by the Vd
C)the amount of drug in body divided by the plasma drug concentration
D)None of the above

Question 13

Renal excretion of drug depend on

A)urine flow
B)pH of urine
C)Physicochemical properties of drug
D)All of above

Question 14

For a drug that is eliminated primarily by renal glomerular filtration, the theoretical maximum clearance is approximately

A)1-2 milliliters/min
B)12 milliliters/min
C)120 milliliters/min
D)1200 milliliters/min

Question 15

Elimination is expressed as follows:

A)Rate of renal tubular reabsorption
B)Clearance speed of some volume of blood from substance
C)Time required decreasing the amount of drug in plasma by one-half
D)Clearance of an organism from a xenobiotic

Question 16

………….drug shows active tubular secretion.

A)Penicillin
B)Tetracycline
C)Indomethacine
D)None of the above

Question 17

Which tissue has the greatest capacity to biotransform of drugs?

A)Kidney
B)Lung
C)Liver
D)Skin

Question 18

The process in which some drugs stimulate their own metabolism is known as

A)Enzyme inhibition
B)Autoinduction
C)Product inhibition
D)None of the above

Question 19

Drugs undergoing first pass metabolism are advised not to be administered through

A)Rectal
B)Oral
C)Transdermal
D)Parenteral

Question 20

………..is defined as volume of blood or plasma from drug is removed in unit time

A)half life
B)clearance
C)volume of distribution
D)biotr

Question 21

Tubular reabsorption is achieved by……………

A)active process
B)passive process
C)Both (a) & (b)
D)none of the above

Question 22

Below mentioned all factors increases plasma elimination half life except

A)Higher protein binding
B)Higher tissue binding
C)Higher apparent Vd
D)Higher ratio renal / hepatic clearance

Question 23

Hepatic excretion of drug with high extraction ratio is altered by

A)Protein binding
B)Blood flow
C)both (a) & (b)
D)None of the above

Question 24

The phenomenon of decreased drug metabolizing ability of the enzymes by drugs is known as ……………

A)enzyme induction
B)enzyme inhibition
C)both (a) & (b)
D)None of the above

Question 25

Active tubular reabsorption of drug depends on………………

A)pH of urine
B)urine flow rate
C)pKa of drug
D)all of the above