Question 1

Which of the following structures was commissioned by Ivan the Terrible?&#10;A)Saint Mark's Cathedral&#10;B)Hagia Sophia&#10;C)San Vitale&#10;D)Saint Basil's Cathedral

Accepted Answer

Saint Basil's Cathedral was commissioned by Ivan the Terrible.
Key Takeaway: The Cathedral of Basil the Blessed (also known as Saint Basil's Cathedral) was commissioned by Ivan IV of Russia to commemorate Russia's capture of Astrakhan and Kazan. Constructed in the Red Square in Moscow in 1555, the Cathedral sits in the geometric center of the city and has been the center of the city's growth since its completion. It was the tallest building in Moscow until the Ivan the Great Bell Tower was built in 1600.

Question 2

Under whose patronage was the Hagia Sophia built?&#10;A)Suleiman the Magnificent&#10;B)Constantine&#10;C)Emperor Trajan&#10;D)Emperor Justinian

Accepted Answer

The Hagia Sophia was built under the patronage of Emperor Justinian.
Key Takeaway: The construction of the Hagia Sophia, under the patronage of Emperor Justinian, began in 532 in Istanbul. The Hagia Sophia was the first structure to truly show several of the great Byzantine innovations, including the pendentive - a triangular piece upon which a dome rested on one side and the other two sides channeled the weight down to a pier below. The pendentive allowed the walls to be greatly opened for more window space. The Hagia Sophia is a massive structure, with forty windows surrounding the base of the dome, allowing the congregation to be bathed in a great circle of light, similar to a halo. Although it was originally built as a Christian church, the Hagia Sophia was later converted to a mosque and had minarets added in the Islamic period.

Question 3

Which of the following descriptions characterizes Romanesque architecture?&#10;A)Sparsely-decorated interiors&#10;B)Intricately-decorated interiors&#10;C)Light, airy design&#10;D)Heavy, solid design

Accepted Answer

Romanesque architecture is characterized by heavy, solid design.
Key Takeaway: Romanesque architecture is an architectural style that came of out Medieval Europe, beginning in the 6th to the 10th centuries. Romanesque architecture combined the features of Byzantine buildings with Western Roman buildings, focusing on massive size, thick walls, rounded arches, and clearly-defined forms. This heavy design greatly contrasted with the tall, light architecture of the Gothic designs that would follow.

Question 4

Which of the following key architectural features was first developed in the Hagia Sophia?&#10;A)Pendentive&#10;B)Altar&#10;C)Transoms&#10;D)Nave

Accepted Answer

The pendentive, a key architectural feature, was first developed in the Hagia Sophia.
Key Takeaway: The Hagia Sophia was the first structure to truly show several of the great Byzantine innovations, including the pendentive-a triangular piece upon which a dome rested on one side and the other two sides channeled the weight down to a pier below. The pendentive allowed the walls to be greatly opened for more window space. The Hagia Sophia is a massive structure, with forty windows surrounding the base of the dome, allowing the congregation to be bathed in a great circle of light, similar to a halo.

Question 5

In which Romanesque cathedral were rib vaults first used?&#10;A)Pisa Cathedral&#10;B)Saint-&#201;tienne&#10;C)Saint-Sernin&#10;D)Durham Cathedral

Accepted Answer

Rib vaults were first used in Durham Cathedral.
Key Takeaway: Rib vaults are vaults in which the diagonal arches form rib-like patterns in order to support the roof. The rib vault technique was new to the Romanesque era and was first used in the roofs on the choir side of the Durham Cathedral at the end of the eleventh century. Early uses of the ancestors of the Gothic rib vault can be found in other parts of Durham and at Caen.

Question 6

Who was responsible for the remodeling of Saint Denis?&#10;A)Abbot Suger&#10;B)Louis XVI&#10;C)Catherine de Medici&#10;D)Marie Antoinette

Accepted Answer

Abbot Suger was responsible for the remodeling of Saint Denis.
Key Takeaway: The Cathedral at Saint Denis is generally considered to be the first Gothic building. Remodeled under the directive of Abbot Suger in 1140-1144, this cathedral in Saint-Denis, a suburb of Paris, had long been the burial place for the French Kings an held a central role in the monastic movement. Saint Denis featured rib vaults, pointed arches, and radiated the chapels up to create a space that was light, flowing, and unlike the close, dark spaces in Romanesque structures.

Question 7

Whose accomplishments are beautifully chronicled in the Bayeux Tapestry?&#10;A)Louis XVI&#10;B)The man who became known as Robin Hood&#10;C)Joan of Arc&#10;D)William the Conqueror

Accepted Answer

The accomplishments of William the Conqueror are beautifully chronicled in the Bayeux Tapestry.
Key Takeaway: The Bayeux Tapestry is a long embroidered cloth that tells the story of William the Conqueror and the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Adorned with Latin script, the tapestry shows battle scenes, fanciful beasts, and scenes of everyday life with 75 scenes. At over 230-feet long, the Bayeux Tapestry is exhibited in a special museum in Bayeux, Normandy.

Question 8

When were the Royal Portals at Chartres designed and built?&#10;A)1145-1155&#10;B)1045-1055&#10;C)1245-1255&#10;D)1345-1355

Accepted Answer

The Royal Portals at Chartres were designed and built from 1145-1155.
Key Takeaway: The Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres is generally considered to be one of the finest of the Gothic style of architecture in all of France. The Cathedral is very beautifully-decorated, with many Old and New Testament themes. On the jambs are statues of Old Testament queens and kings and queens, giving the entrance the name "royal portal." Because the royals are displayed so close to the religious sculptures, it is implied that the royals have been ordained and placed by God..

Question 9

What is the name of the building where flying buttresses were first used on a large scale?&#10;A)Chartres Cathedral&#10;B)Notre Dame de Paris&#10;C)Saint-Denis&#10;D)Amiens Cathedral

Accepted Answer

The name of this building, where flying buttresses were first used on a large scale is Notre Dame de Paris.
Key Takeaway: The flying buttress is the most notable innovation of the Gothic period. First appearing on Notre Dame de Paris, these stone arches work to support the roof by transmitting the force of the vaulted ceiling down through the walls to a counterweight outside of the building. This enabled buildings to be taller and have more window space, especially for stained glass. Additionally, the buttresses helped to stabilize the building and prevent wind damage from hurting the cathedrals, which were usually very tall and very narrow.

Question 10

What is the polygonal base of a dome that makes the transition from the round dome to a flat wall?&#10;A)Codex&#10;B)Squinch&#10;C)Triptych&#10;D)Pendentive

Accepted Answer

A squinch is the polygonal base of a dome that makes the transition from the round dome to a flat wall.
Key Takeaway: In architecture, a squinch is basically a piece of construction that is used to fill in the upper angles of a square room so that it can be a proper base for a dome, usually spherical or octagonal. The squinch was the primitive version of the pendentive, which was developed and popularized in the Byzantine period.

Question 11

Compared to the naves of French Gothic churches, the naves of English Gothic churches were generally narrower and taller.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to the naves of French Gothic...

Question 12

What is the passageway around the apse of the church?&#10;A)Ambulatory&#10;B)Clerestory&#10;C)Campanile&#10;D)Narthex

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the passageway around the apse...

Question 13

What is a sculpture or painting that depicts a crucified Christ lying across the lap of a grieving Mary?&#10;A)Chevet&#10;B)Piet&#224;&#10;C)Moralized Bible&#10;D)Clerestory

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a sculpture or painting that...

Question 14

What is a rounded sculpture that was placed over the portal of a medieval church?&#10;A)Voussoir&#10;B)Archivolt&#10;C)Tympanum&#10;D)Reliquary

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a rounded sculpture that was...

Question 15

What is the term for enamelwork in which colored areas are separated by thin bands of metal, usually bronze or gold?&#10;A)Westwork&#10;B)Horror vacui&#10;C)Cloissonn&#233;e&#10;D)Tessellation

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the term for enamelwork in...

Question 16

What unique variation of Gothic architecture did the English develop in the mid-1300s, in which enormous window spaces were combined with elaborate decorative patterns of stone tracery?&#10;A)Flamboyant&#10;B)High Gothic&#10;C)Early Gothic&#10;D)Perpendicular Gothic

Accepted Answer

The answer of What unique variation of Gothic architecture did...

Question 17

What is the name for the Gothic-era stone arch and its pier that work together to support a roof from a pillar outside the building?&#10;A)Ogee arch&#10;B)Fan vault&#10;C)Choir&#10;D)Flying buttress

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name for the Gothic-era...

Question 18

Which of the following medieval technological innovations was used in the Gothic architecture movement in Europe?&#10;A)Glass blowing&#10;B)Wooden scaffolding&#10;C)Pointed arches&#10;D)Concrete molds

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following medieval technological innovations...

Question 19

The Old Testament queens and kings who adorn the jambs of the Royal Portals at Chartres are meant for what purpose?&#10;A)To show the royalty the proper place to pray&#10;B)To remind the visitors of power of the Church through ages&#10;C)To show the contemporary French royalty how far they have fallen from grace&#10;D)To provide artistic beauty only

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Old Testament queens and kings who...

Question 20

In the early years of the Renaissance, who was known for hand-printing/hand-inking books for super-wealthy patrons who could afford such an extravagance?&#10;A)Gutenberg&#10;B)Limbourg Brothers&#10;C)Jan van Eyck&#10;D)Robert Campin

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the early years of the Renaissance,...

Question 21

Which of the following sculptors designed two sets of doors for the Florence Baptistery?&#10;A)Michelangelo&#10;B)Lorenzo Ghiberti&#10;C)Leonardo da Vinci&#10;D)Donatello

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following sculptors designed two...

Question 22

Tiepolo's shunning of straight lines and frames for curved and rounded forms was an innovation of which painting style?&#10;A)Baroque&#10;B)Early Renaissance&#10;C)Neoclassicism&#10;D)Rococo

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tiepolo's shunning of straight lines and frames...

Question 23

What is a work of art that possesses a symbolic meaning in addition to a literal interpretation?&#10;A)Trecento&#10;B)Manieragreca&#10;C)Allegory&#10;D)Predella

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a work of art that...

Question 24

What is the name for the popular Renaissance item that was essentially a book of prayers that were to be said at different times of the day and different days of the year?&#10;A)Woodcut&#10;B)Book of Days&#10;C)Book of Hours&#10;D)Book of the Dead

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name for the popular...

Question 25

Which type of Rococo painting featured members of the aristocracy listening to love songs in garden settings or taking long walks in pastoral backgrounds?&#10;A)Pastel&#10;B)F&#234;te galante&#10;C)Apotheosis&#10;D)Genre painting

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of Rococo painting featured members...

Question 26

Of the following, which would be an example of a polyptych?&#10;A)Ghent Altarpiece&#10;B)The M&#233;rode Altarpiece&#10;C)Arnolfini Wedding&#10;D)The Well of Moses

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the following, which would be an...

Question 27

What are the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse?&#10;A)War, greed, death, and famine&#10;B)Pestilence, illness, war, and misery&#10;C)War, pestilence, death, and famine&#10;D)Plagues, drought, floods, and war

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the Four Horsemen of the...

Question 28

Who painted the immensely-famous Birth of Venus in which Venus emerges fully grown from the sea?&#10;A)Sandro Botticelli&#10;B)Andrea Mantegna&#10;C)Fra Angelico&#10;D)Pietro Perugino

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who painted the immensely-famous Birth of Venus...

Question 29

Who specialized in f&#234;te galante paintings?&#10;A)Jean-Antoine Watteau&#10;B)Joshua Reynolds&#10;C)William Hogarth&#10;D)Marie-Louise-&#201;lisabeth Vig&#233;e-Lebrun

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who specialized in f&#234;te galante paintings?&#10;A)Jean-Antoine Watteau&#10;B)Joshua...

Question 30

Which Baroque artist was well-known for his paintings of extremely voluptuous full-figured women?&#10;A)Diego Vel&#225;zquez&#10;B)Peter Paul Rubens&#10;C)Anthony Van Dyck&#10;D)Rembrandt van Rijn

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which Baroque artist was well-known for his...

Question 31

What was the great intellectual movement that came out of the Renaissance that emphasized secular life over the religious, focusing upon classical works of philosophy, art, history, and literature?&#10;A)Trompe l'oeil&#10;B)Orthogonal&#10;C)Humanism&#10;D)Classicism

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the great intellectual movement that...

Question 32

What is the correct date for the construction of the dome of the Florence Cathedral?&#10;A)1220-1236&#10;B)1320-1336&#10;C)1420-1436&#10;D)1520-1536

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the correct date for the...

Question 33

What is the gradual transition from light to dark in a painting?&#10;A)Cinquecento&#10;B)Rusticate&#10;C)Chiaroscuro&#10;D)Engraving

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the gradual transition from light...

Question 34

What is the correct term for an altarpiece in which the Madonna and Child are joined by saints and with them, are engaged in a &#34;holy conversation?&#34;&#10;A)Piet&#224;&#10;B)Ignudi&#10;C)Maest&#224;&#10;D)Sacra conversazione

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the correct term for an...

Question 35

What Italian painter created the major fifteenth-century Adoration of the Magi done in International Gothic style?&#10;A)Andrea del Castagno&#10;B)Fra Angelico&#10;C)Masaccio&#10;D)Gentile da Fabriano

Accepted Answer

The answer of What Italian painter created the major fifteenth-century...

Question 36

Whose famous Renaissance masterpieces include the paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?&#10;A)Da Vinci&#10;B)Raphael Sanzio&#10;C)Michelangelo&#10;D)Monet

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whose famous Renaissance masterpieces include the paintings...

Question 37

Which of the following is a type of still life painting that stresses the folly of human vanity and how short human life truly is?&#10;A)Allegory&#10;B)Vanitas&#10;C)Baldacchino&#10;D)Impasto

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a type...

Question 38

In whose court did Holbein work?&#10;A)Philip II&#10;B)Louis XIV&#10;C)Louis XVI&#10;D)Henry VIII

Accepted Answer

The answer of In whose court did Holbein work?&#10;A)Philip II&#10;B)Louis...

Question 39

Which royal built the famous Palace of Versailles, where they required the nobility to reside for a portion of the year?&#10;A)Marie de Medici&#10;B)Louis XIV&#10;C)Louis XIII&#10;D)Henry IV

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which royal built the famous Palace of...

Question 40

The Pyxis of al-Mughira exemplifies Euro-Islamic art conventions in that it:&#10;A)Incorporated symbolic shapes and ornaments&#10;B)Embraced calligraphic line and script&#10;C)Elaborated on naturalism&#10;D)Incorporated decorative arts like metal works and textiles

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Pyxis of al-Mughira exemplifies Euro-Islamic art...

Question 41

Most of the known art from the modern Atlantic world period is housed in:&#10;A)Royal palaces&#10;B)Christian churches&#10;C)Islamic mosques&#10;D)Archives and libraries

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most of the known art from the...

Question 42

The primary effect of the modern Atlantic world's generally accepted canon on the rest of the world was that it:&#10;A)Helped eliminate opposition to colonialism&#10;B)Helped construct the idea of the West&#10;C)Helped emphasize the effect of pre-colonial art on post-colonial art&#10;D)Helped create a common visual language with which the world could communicate

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary effect of the modern Atlantic...

Question 43

One effect of prioritizing European art during the modern Atlantic world period from 1400 CE to 1850 CE was that:&#10;A)The &#34;Old World&#34; was eliminated from the global art collection&#10;B)The &#34;Old World&#34; was given advancements it did not have before&#10;C)The &#34;Old World&#34; was considered in opposition to the &#34;New World&#34;&#10;D)The &#34;Old World&#34; was provided an opportunity to be seen throughout the world

Accepted Answer

The answer of One effect of prioritizing European art during...

Question 44

The likely purchasers of Johannes Vermeer's Woman Holding a Balance would recognize the woman in the painting as:&#10;A)Of a social class similar to theirs&#10;B)Of a social class unknown to theirs&#10;C)Of a social class beneath theirs&#10;D)Of a social class above theirs

Accepted Answer

The answer of The likely purchasers of Johannes Vermeer's Woman...

Question 45

Spanish colonial art of the early modern period retained similarities to the art of southern Europe due to its:&#10;A)Italian Reformation history&#10;B)Portuguese allegory history&#10;C)Turkish Catholic context

Accepted Answer

The answer of Spanish colonial art of the early modern...

Deck 3: (AP) Art History: Early Europe and Colonial Americas