Question 1

In order of increasing wavelength, the color spectrum ranges in the order of blue-yellow-orange-red. Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between wavelength and photosynthesis?

A)With increasing wavelength, photosynthesis increases.
B)With increasing wavelength, photosynthesis decreases.
C)With increasing wavelength, photosynthesis decreases, then increases.
D)With increasing wavelength, photosynthesis increases, then decreases.
E)With increasing wavelength, photosynthesis does not change.

With increasing wavelength, photosynthesis decreases, then increases.

Accepted Answer

When wavelength increases, photosynthesis decreases, then increases. Photosynthesis is stimulated most by red and blue light, which exist on opposite ends of the wavelength spectrum
Key Takeaway: The wavelength of visible light ranges from about 380-750 nm. Blue light is on the lower end of the scale, and red light on the higher end of the scale. Yellow and orange are in the middle. Since the data indicate that yellow and orange have the smallest effect on photosynthesis, the effect of light on photosynthesis decreases and increases as the wavelength of light increases.

Question 2

A leaf stored in an indigo sleeve is most likely to produce levels of chlorophyll similar to:&#10;A)White&#10;B)Blue&#10;C)Yellow&#10;D)Red&#10;E)Orange

Accepted Answer

blue. Indigo is more similar to blue than any of the other colors.
Key Takeaway: Indigo is similar in color to purple. On the color spectrum, purple is more similar to blue than it is to yellow, red, or orange. Therefore, it is most likely that indigo light has an effect on photosynthesis most similar to blue light.

Question 3

A population of bison was separated by the construction of a new interstate. The construction also separates bison east of the interstate from its natural predator, and bison west of the river from the primary source of water. Much time passes.The horns of bison east of the interstate become less sharp than those west of the interstate. This is an example of:

A)Speciation
B)Divergent evolution
C)Convergent evolution
D)Succession
E)Parasitism

Divergent evolution

Accepted Answer

Divergent evolution. Since the bison east of the interstate no longer have to combat its natural predator, sharp horns are no longer needed.
Key Takeaway: When a population becomes separated into two distinct populations, changes will occur in both new populations based on the different environments. Bison east of the river are separated from the natural predator of the species, and changes will occur in its physique to represent that, including a loss of sharp horns.
Photo: Bison, Stefan Didam

Question 4

What is the corresponding mRNA sequence to the following DNA sequence AGTCCATGCACAAT?&#10;A)CTGAACTACACCG&#10;B)UCAGGUACGUGUUA&#10;C)TCUGGTUCGTGTTU&#10;D)TCAGGTACGTGTTA&#10;E)TAACACGTACCTGA

Accepted Answer

UCAGGUACGUGUUA. Transcription is the process to produce RNA from the DNA template, with fixed base paring rules.
Key Takeaway: In transcription, A pairs with U, T with A, G with C, and C with G. RNA does not use thymine, so all other answers other than B can be immediately eliminated.

Question 5

When a DNA sequence is used to synthesize mRNA, the process is called _________.&#10;A)Translation&#10;B)Transcription&#10;C)Translocation&#10;D)Transduction&#10;E)Translucent

Accepted Answer

Transcription. In transcription, mRNA is created using DNA as a template.
Key Takeaway: Translation is the process by which proteins are produced using RNA as a transcript. Translocation describes the process by which neighboring chromosomes swap genetic information. Transduction is the process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus. Translucent describes a material that allows for a free passage of light.

Question 6

Which of the following is part of the cytoskeleton?&#10;A)Cytoplasm&#10;B)Flagella&#10;C)Ribosomes&#10;D)Golgi bodies&#10;E)Mitochondria

Accepted Answer

Flagella. Flagella are a cytoskeletal component that aids in locomotion.
Key Takeaway: In addition to locomotion, the cytoskeleton also helps the cell or organism maintain its shape and protects the cell. The cytoskeleton is comprised of actin, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. The cytoplasm, ribosomes, golgi bodies, and mitochondria are all cellular components that do not comprise the cytoskeleton.

Question 7

In the carbon cycle, carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere immediately following:
I. Photosynthesis
II. Death
III. Respiration

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)I and II only
E)II and III only

Accepted Answer

II and III only. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, not releases it.
Key Takeaway: In the carbon cycle, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere after two occasions. First, respiration in plants and animals released carbon dioxide directly into the atmosphere. Also, the decay of organisms after death also releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Question 8

In an experiment, mice were infected with helminthes and observed for population change. It was found that mice became sickly and the population decreased. This relationship is an example of ________.&#10;A)Commensalism&#10;B)Parasitism&#10;C)Mutualism&#10;D)Competition&#10;E)Community

Accepted Answer

Parasitism. The helminthes prospered at the expense of the mice, resulting in a parasitic relationship.
Key Takeaway: Parasitism occurs in a relationship between organisms when one organism benefits at the expense of others. This is distinct from commensalism and mutualism. In commensalism, one organism prospers without any positive or negative effect on the other. In mutualism, both organisms benefit from the relationship.

Question 9

Which of the following can greatly affect the speed of an enzymatic reaction?
I. pH
II. temperature
III. presence of inhibitors

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)I and II only
E)I, II, and III only

Accepted Answer

I, II, and III only. All of these factors can affect the speed of an enzymatic reaction.
Key Takeaway: Depending on the factors involved, changes in any of the above factors can affect the speed of an enzymatic reaction. Enzymes typically work in narrow pH and temperature windows, so changes in either or both can greatly reduce the speed of the reaction. The presence of an inhibitor can also reduce the speed of the reaction.

Question 10

A mutation in DNA that changes the DNA sequence but does not alter the amino acid of a protein is known as ____________.&#10;A)Silent mutation&#10;B)Frameshift mutation&#10;C)Insertion mutation&#10;D)Deletion mutation&#10;E)Point mutation

Accepted Answer

silent mutation. A silent mutation in DNA does not change the amino acid sequence of a corresponding protein.
Key Takeaway: In silent mutations, the DNA sequence is altered, but the resulting protein is not. This is the result of a level of redundancy in the mRNA code. Most amino acids can be coded by more than one codon, so a change in DNA does not always lead to a change in protein sequence.

Question 11

A particular food chain consists of squirrels, which feed on vegetation, weasels, which feed on squirrels, and hawks, which feed on weasels and squirrels. Rank the animals from least to most numerous in this particular environment.

A)Hawks, squirrels, weasels
B)Squirrels, weasels, hawks
C)Weasels, hawks, squirrels
D)Hawks, weasels, squirrels
E)Squirrels, hawks, weasels

Accepted Answer

The answer of A particular food chain consists of squirrels,...

Question 12

In plants, the function of the stamen is to __________.&#10;A)Receive gametes&#10;B)Spread pollen&#10;C)Emit spores&#10;D)Photosynthesize&#10;E)Spread pheromones

Accepted Answer

The answer of In plants, the function of the stamen...

Question 13

In a community, which of the following are defined by an animal's niche EXCEPT:&#10;A)Place in the food chain&#10;B)habitat&#10;C)How it reproduces&#10;D)Life history&#10;E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a community, which of the following...

Question 14

The Krebs' cycle produces how many molecules of ATP for every molecule of glucose?&#10;A)1&#10;B)2&#10;C)3&#10;D)4&#10;E)5

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Krebs' cycle produces how many molecules...

Question 15

What is the function of the myelin sheath that surrounds neurons?&#10;A)Increase speed of impulses&#10;B)Maintain polarization&#10;C)Decrease friction&#10;D)Control growth of neurons&#10;E)Oxygen exchange

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the function of the myelin...

Question 16

All of the following are requirements for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium EXCEPT:&#10;A)Large population size&#10;B)No immigration or emigration&#10;C)Controlled mating&#10;D)Random reproductive success&#10;E)No mutation

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are requirements for...

Question 17

In humans, if an egg is not fertilized, which of the following occurs?&#10;A)Menstruation&#10;B)Ovulation&#10;C)Spike in estrogen levels&#10;D)Spike in progesterone levels&#10;E)Buildup of uterine wall

Accepted Answer

The answer of In humans, if an egg is not...

Question 18

A scientist observes that Alpine buttercup flower turns toward the East at sunrise. This is an example of:&#10;A)Tropism&#10;B)Chemotaxis&#10;C)Homeostasis&#10;D)Hypertrophy&#10;E)Translocation

Accepted Answer

The answer of A scientist observes that Alpine buttercup flower...

Question 19

Which of following is NOT a stage of development of a fertilized human egg?&#10;A)fetus&#10;B)Blastula&#10;C)Morula&#10;D)Placenta&#10;E)Zygote

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of following is NOT a stage...

Question 20

Which of the following is most likely to share a common recent ancestor with humans?&#10;A)Dolphins&#10;B)Lemur&#10;C)Frog&#10;D)Snake&#10;E)Chimpanzee

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is most likely...

Question 21

During what process can mutations occur?&#10;I. Transcription&#10;II. Translation&#10;III. Replication&#10;A)I only&#10;B)II only&#10;C)III only&#10;D)I and II only&#10;E)I, II, and III only&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of During what process can mutations occur?&#10;I. Transcription&#10;II....

Question 22

A child in a local hospital is found to have a condition caused by gene X. Gene X is found to be recessive. If the gene is not mutated, then the child must have inherited gene X from __________.&#10;A)Mother only&#10;B)Father only&#10;C)Either parent&#10;D)Both parents&#10;E)Father is the child is female

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child in a local hospital is...

Question 23

In the water cycle, which of the following processes water to the atmosphere?
I. Transpiration
II. Precipitation
III. Evaporation

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)II and III only
E)I and III only

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the water cycle, which of the...

Question 24

What metabolic pathway converts glucose into pyruvate?&#10;A)Hydrolysis&#10;B)Glucogenesis&#10;C)Glycolysis&#10;D)Glycogenesis&#10;E)Glycogenolysis

Accepted Answer

The answer of What metabolic pathway converts glucose into pyruvate?&#10;A)Hydrolysis&#10;B)Glucogenesis&#10;C)Glycolysis&#10;D)Glycogenesis&#10;E)Glycogenolysis...

Question 25

A scientist is conducting an experiment to study inheritance of color in peas. In this study, green is dominant and yellow is recessive. If a homozygous green pea is crossed with a heterozygous green pea, what percentage of peas is expected to be green?

A)10%
B)25%
C)35%
D)50%
E)100%

Accepted Answer

The answer of A scientist is conducting an experiment to...

Question 26

Which of the following processes produces ATP?
I. Oxidative phosphorylation
II. Krebs' cycle
III. Glycolysis

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)I and II only
E)I, II, and III only

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following processes produces ATP?&#10;I....

Question 27

An organism that breathes through primitive lungs, lays soft eggs, and is cold-blooded is most likely a(n) ____________.&#10;A)Reptile&#10;B)Amphibian&#10;C)Mammal&#10;D)Bird&#10;E)Annelid

Accepted Answer

The answer of An organism that breathes through primitive lungs,...

Question 28

Yeast possess all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:&#10;A)Aerobic respiration&#10;B)Cell membrane&#10;C)Prokaryotic&#10;D)Anaerobic respiration&#10;E)Sexual reproduction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Yeast possess all of the following characteristics...

Question 29

A scientist performing genetic experiments observed that the two alleles for a particular gene were splitting between two gametes during meiosis. What is this called?&#10;A)Segregation&#10;B)Dominance&#10;C)Recessive&#10;D)Independent assortment&#10;E)Allele frequency

Accepted Answer

The answer of A scientist performing genetic experiments observed that...

Question 30

Which system is the control center for producing movement?&#10;A)Muscular system&#10;B)Musculoskeletal system&#10;C)Respiratory system&#10;D)Nervous system

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which system is the control center for...

Deck 12: (AP) Biology: Biology: Part B