Deck 33: (AP) Psychology: Part A

Question 1

Melissa believes in the popular saying 'out of sight, out of mind'. She wishes to find empirical evidence for this saying through a research study. As part of her study, she must write a(an) ____________ statement that proposes an explanation.

A)confirmation statement
B)hypothesis statement
C)operational statement
D)reliability statement

Answer 1

hypothesis statement

Question 2

Which of the following would be an example of "argument by evidence"?

A)"A fortune cookie tells me that I shouldn't invest in Microsoft stock"
B)"My mother's best friend thinks all hamburgers are bad for you"
C)"Company statistics show that younger employees call in sick more"
D)"Everyone knows that you starve a cold and feed a flu"

Answer 2

"Company statistics show that younger employees call in sick more"

Question 3

Jason's employer gives him a personality test and then gives him a similar test two weeks later. This is an example of _____________.

A)internal validity
B)external validity
C)criterion validity
D)content validity

Answer 3

criterion validity

Question 4

At the core of human development is the acquisition of new knowledge and behaviors. This theory statement is central to the work of ______________.

A) B.F. Skinner
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Albert Bandura
D) Erik Erikson

Question 5

Which of the following is a theory of personality that emphasizes free will and human agency?

A)Five Dimension
B)Humanism
C)Functionalism
D)Psychoanalysis

Question 6

David is a research psychologist working with 3M. He and his team are commissioned by the government to design a more efficient computer interface. Herb is an example of a _________________.

A)experimental psychologist
B)clinical psychologist
C)social psychologist
D)industrial-organizational psychologist

Question 7

Research questions are important in a study because _______________.

A)they guide the type of data that must be collected
B)they determine the confidentiality of the study
C)they determine the transparency of the study
D)they guide the moderator of a focus group

Question 8

In research psychology, a researcher must make sure that participants agree to a research study based on clear, accurate, and complete information. This is referred to as______________.

A)anonymity
B)confidentiality
C)informed consent
D)transparency

Question 9

A researcher working with a Walmart franchise wishes to study the effect of salary bonuses on employee manager performance. Manager performance, in this case, represents the _____________.

A)research question
B)dependent variable
C)independent variable
D)random error term

Question 10

Adams approaches concerns about human behavior from the viewpoint that emphasizes the role of bodily functions associated with feelings, actions, and thoughts. Dr. Adams most likely uses the following approach:

A)biological
B)cognitive
C)socio-cultural
D)humanistic

Question 11

In a correlation study, an electrical company paid by city officials finds that as politicians reduce the budget for maintenance work, the less likely they are to find lucrative contracts. These results indicate _____________.

A)the less money city politicians allocate to maintenance work, the more lucrative are the contracts
B)the more money city politicians allocate to maintenance work, the less lucrative are the contracts
C)the less money city politicians allocate to maintenance work, the less lucrative are the contracts
D)the local budget restricts do not affect the size of construction company contracts

Question 12

Significant psychological research findings are ones that _____________.

A)confirm what large populations of people already believe
B)violate what large populations of people already believe
C)enlighten the research community alone
D)provide a multilayered understanding of human behavior

Question 13

In a classic split-brain study, a picture of a chicken claw was shown quickly to the left hemisphere while a picture of a snow scene was shown quickly to the right hemisphere. When a study participant was asked to choose a related image from an array of pictures, ______________.

A)the left hand pointed to a shovel and the right hand pointed to a chicken
B)the left and the right hand both pointed to the image of a chicken
C)the right hand pointed to a shovel and the left hand pointed to a chicken

Question 14

Dr .Michael is a neuroscientist. Which of the following is the MOST likely area of his research interest:

A)cross-cultural bases of group behavior
B)biological basis of movement disorders
C)cognitive basis of learning behavior
D)social bases of altruistic behavior

Question 15

An example of a brain reflex that CANNOT be influenced by thoughts or emotions is the _______.

A)a prompt to enter one's password at an ATM
B)the light at an intersection turning red
C)a child reaching out to be picked up
D)pinprick of an immunization needle

Question 16

As Amanda drives towards a busy 4-way intersection, a car attempting a left turn ignores her right of way and veers towards her car. Amanda's mind becomes immediately alert, her heart races, and her muscles become tense. This reaction to danger is mediated by the ________________.

A)sympathetic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)somatic nervous system
D)central nervous system

Question 17

Jones is told by the doctors that her husband's diagnosis of Alzheimer's is due to the _______.

A)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
B)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine
C)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter epinephrine
D)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine

Question 18

The _______________ is a structure in the brain responsible for the processing of visual stimuli from the eyes.

A)parietal lobe
B)occipital lobe
C)frontal lobe
D)cerebellum

Question 19

Components of the limbic system have a significant role in __________ and __________ .

A)breathing; digesting
B)fight; flight
C)hunger; thirst
D)emotion; long term memory

Question 20

The __________________ perceives, gathers, interprets and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles, glands and internal organs such as the stomach and the heart.

A)central peripheral system
B)central nervous system
C)hypothalamic pituitary axis
D)the reticular formation

Question 21

_________ is referred to the 'stress hormone' and is an essential regulator of a number of physiological processes.

A)cortisol
B)ACTH
C)growth hormone
D)oxytocin

Question 22

_________ is the ability of an individual to capture, retain, store and recall information in the brain.

A)cognition
B)learning
C)development
D)memory

Question 23

Josh is running through campus in preparation from his Friday night football game but stumbles and falls, injuring his right knee. After an initial sharpness, the pain in his knee subsides to a dull ache. ___________ are chemicals released by the brain in reaction to a painful injury.

A)catecholamines
B)endorphins
C)corticosteriods
D)epinephrine

Question 24

DrDrake wishes to measure his patient's frontal lobe hemodynamic response to experimental cues. To do so, the patient must undergo the following test :

A)CAT scan of the frontal lobe while completing the experiment
B)sympathetic nervous system activity while responding to the experimental cues
C)functional MRI (fMRI) while responding to the experiment cues
D)ultrasound of the adrenal cortex

Question 25

The _____________ reflex is used to test the response of an infant to a touch on the bottom of the foot.

A)babinksi
B)ebbinghaus
C)APGAR
D)startle

Question 26

Adolescence is the developmental period ___________________.

A)when the pituitary gland initiates hormone release in the adrenal cortex
B)when a youngster is capable of engaging in sexual reproduction
C)when a male reaches their maximum puberty growth spurt
D)when primary sex qualities such as testicle development

Question 27

Smith is a kindergarten teacher who is concerned about little Josh's sharing behavior. It seems that Josh believes his behavior to be right only when it feels good to him or gets him what he wants. This type stage in moral development is referred to________.

A)preconventional morality
B)principled morality
C)preadolescent morality

Question 28

The formation of gender identity is a complex process that begins at _____________.

A)conception
B)within the first year of birth
C)early childhood
D)adolescence

Question 29

Mark wants to study how middle school students learn coping skills when they make the transition to high school. To achieve this goal, he follows a group of students for their entire 4-year high school career in an example of a(an)________________ study.

A)longitudinal
B)cross-sectional
C)historical
D)case

Question 30

The __________ view of human behavior asserts that it is mostly in the genes while the __________ view asserts that the environment plays an equal if not greater role .

A)learned; cognitive
B)nature; nurture
C)nurture; nature
D)modeled; social

Question 31

__________ is a psychologist whose theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children and has been used in developing school curricula.

A)Abraham Maslow
B)Anna Freud
C)Lev Vygotsky
D)Jean Piaget

Question 32

Jean Piaget's theory of child cognitive development presents stages in which skills are adopted. The first stage is ______________.

A)preoperational
B)concrete operations
C)sensorimotor

Question 33

Sheila spends hours learning how to sew from her mother. This method of guided participation in the development of childhood skills was pioneered by the following psychologist:

A)Abraham Maslow
B)Anna Freud
C)Lev Vygotsky
D)Jean Piaget

Question 34

Amanda is interested in studying lung cancer rates in an Appalachian town. She sets out to design a study that looks at a 'snapshot' of cancer rates; this research design is referred to as a ______.

A)longitudinal study
B)cross-sectional study
C)exploratory study
D)pilot study

Question 35

Jake's wife wants him to quit smoking and nags him constantly. Jake is a nurse who jokes that 'everyone dies eventually' and that it is better to 'do things you like before you die than worry about death all the time'. Jake's joking is an example of _______.

A)confirmation bias
B)self-effacement
C)guided participation
D)cognitive dissonance

Question 36

Erik Erikson's adolescent stage of psychosocial development is referred to as _________.

A)identity vs. role confusion
B)industry vs. inferiority
C)trust vs. mistrust
D)initiative vs. guilt

Question 37

The earliest philosophers thought that an individual's personality was based on ___________.

A)a healthy relationship with their parents
B)a person's healthy self-concept
C)a mix of four different bodily fluids
D)a person's soul or spirit

Question 38

Jamie's therapist shows him a picture with dark ink splattered in the middle of the page. Much to the horror of his therapist, Jamie insists that the picture is that of an old, naked person. This type of test where a person tries to identify an ambiguous image is considered a __________ test.

A)projective
B)intelligence
C)deviance
D)objective

Question 39

According to the Big Five model of personality, the degree to which a group of people value individualism correlates positively with their scores on the __________ scale.

A)extraversion
B)introversion
C)neuroticism
D)agreeableness

Question 40

In Lucinda's culture, group cohesion and interests take precedence over individual wants. Lucinda most likely describes her 'self' in terms of ___________.

A)contributions to her retirement funds
B)her relationships with others
C)her educational goals and attainment
D)her personality traits

Question 41

The personality theory that is most common in cultural references is ___________.

A)trait theory
B)hierarchy of needs theory
C)humanist theory
D)psychodynamic theory

Question 42

Brandon gets angry whenever the referee makes a call against his team. According to Sigmund Freud's theory of the mind, his 'ego' would tell him:

A)"I will rip the referee's face off the next time he makes a call against us"
B)"If I yell at or push the referee the next time he makes a call, I will be penalized"
C)"I don't care what the referee does next time"
D)"If I yell at or push the referee the next time he makes a call, it will be a sign of poor sportsmanship"

Question 43

In the trait theory of personality, ___________ and _________ are considered to be different views on whether all traits exist in all people.

A)ego: superego
B)introversion; extraversion
C)psychodynamic; sociocultural
D)idiographic; nomothetic

Question 44

A popular personality test that is used in mental health and employment settings is called the _______.

A)Rorschach plate
B)MMPI
C)Ebbinghaus illusion
D)CAT scan

Question 45

The American Psychologist who pioneered the idiographic and nomothetic views of studying human personality is __________.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Meyer Friedman
C)Gordon Allport
D)Alfred Adler

Question 46

______________ identified two personality types in the 1950s based on how they respond to daily stressors, Type A and Type B:

A)Liev Schreiber
B)Lev Vygotsky
C)Meyer Friedman
D)Scott Freeman

Question 47

George Kelly' theory of personality is referred to as __________.

A)Keirsey Temperament Sorter
B)Positron Emission Tomography
C)Personal Construct Psychology
D)Personality Cognitive Psychology

Question 48

Melinda's doctor thinks that she has at least 2 distinct personalities. Melinda's personality disorder is also known as __________________ .

A)dissociative identity disorder
B)multiple constructs disorder
C)schizoaffective disorder
D)oppositional defiant disorder

Question 49

Youngsters who live close to noisy airports _______________ than do youngsters who live in the more quiet suburbs.

A)do better in school and afterschool extracurriculars
B)show greater stress responses such as high blood pressure
C)show less helping behavior towards the elderly
D)do worse in church activities on Sunday mornings

Question 50

Which of the following is more dangerous to one's general health and life expectancy than cigarette smoking.

A)a challenging career
B)an unhappy business partnership
C)chronic and prolonged psychological stress
D)early existential angst

Question 51

Brittany hates winter. She finds that the short, dark days make her moody and unhappy. Brittany's doctor suspects that she suffers from ______________.

A)growth hormone deficiency
B)stress hormone overproduction
C)manic depression
D)seasonal affective disorder

Question 52

David's therapist is recommending that he join a support group for people who are agoraphobic. David's phobia is related to____________.

A)spiders
B)open spaces
C)elevator shafts
D)Pamela Anderson pictures

Question 53

People with borderline personality disorder are much more likely to _____________.

A)take offence to harmless comments on their political views
B)irrational fears of presenting information to large groups of people
C)have difficult and unstable relationships with most people in their lives
D)hold extremely liberal views on social and cultural issues

Question 54

__________ and ____________ hallucinations are prevalent in psychotic disorders.

A)physiological; biochemical
B)biochemical; auditory
C)delusion; sensory
D)visual; auditory

Question 55

Willem visits the doctor's office 2 or 3 times a week complaining of odd physical pain. The doctor can't find anything wrong with Mrs. Willem physically and suspects that she suffers from __________

A)body dysmorphic disorder
B)hypochondriasis
C)conversion disorder
D)malingering

Question 56

The two main models used in understanding drug abuse and addictions are __________ and _________.

A)cultural; social
B)cultural; psychodynamic
C)cultural; biological
D)cultural; humanist

Question 57

In the early 20th century, psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler developed the term 'schizophrenia' to describe mental conditions whereby____________.

A)people develop multiple distinct personalities
B)people develop extreme phobias to familiar objects
C)people escape anxious feelings by engaging in reckless behavior
D)people escape painful events by deliberately forgetting them

Question 58

People who suffer from clinical depression believe all of the following EXCEPT:

A)that things are hopeless now but will improve in time
B)that they are worthless as human beings
C)that they do not have enough energy for everyday obligations
D)that they cannot get enough rest from sleep

Question 59

Current research on bipolar disorder shows that:

A)periods of mania are followed by periods of phobia
B)women and men are just as likely to suffer from it
C)during a manic phases, energy levels are at the lowest
D)sufferers tend to grow out of the disorder by their early 20s

Question 60

Christina lacks empathy for others and believes that she is the only person who matters in a relationship. Christina is most likely to have _____.

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)borderline personality disorder
C)narcissistic personality disorder
D)somatization disorder

Question 61

William is brought to the emergency room agitated and combative. He will most likely receive ____________ to calm him down.

A)lithium carbonate
B)a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
C)an MAOI
D)a tranquilizer

Question 62

Lucy is given _________________ to relieve the symptoms of ____________ brought on by her schizophrenia.

A)lithium carbonate; disordered thinking
B)SSRI; depression
C)antipsychotics; disordered thinking
D)MAOI; manic episode

Question 63

Ronald is terrified of hypodermic injections. His therapist suggests a method of gradually introducing him to hypodermic needles known as ____________.

A)systematic desensitization
B)cognitive restructuring
C)paired therapy
D)shock therapy

Question 64

________________ would most likely encourage a person experiencing irrational fears to explore his earliest memories, especially those concerning his relationships with his parents.

A)Gordon Allport
B)George Kelly
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Carl Rogers

Question 65

____________ and __________ have proven that they are highly effective in helping people cope with chronic pain, fatigue, stress headaches, and IBS.

A)psychodynamic; systematic desensitization
B)cognitive; behavioral therapy
C)haldol; humanism
D)psychoanalysis; psychodynamic

Question 66

Melissa's deep depression is unresponsive to medical treatment. Her doctor recommends a single treatment of ___________ whereby electrodes are placed on her temples and a small electric current is administered.

A)guided visualization
B)CAT scan
C)ECT therapy
D)PET therapy

Question 67

Approximately _______________ of people who are taking antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs stop their medication because of side effects such as stomach upset .

A)one tenth to one quarter
B)one half to two thirds
C)one tenth to one third
D)one quarter to one half

Question 68

The interaction amongst psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system is referred to as _____________.

A)psychoneuroimmunology
B)biological psychology
C)immunology
D)neuroimmunology

Question 69

As a basic requirement of ___________ therapy, the person has to be able to articulate their thoughts and be willing to share them.

A)electroconvulsive therapy
B)psychotherapy
C)recovered memory therapy

Question 70

The smallest amount of physical energy that can reliably be sensed by a person is referred to as the ____________________.

A)basic threshold
B)minimum threshold
C)electric threshold
D)absolute threshold

Question 71

Noah's parole officer insists that he wear an electronic monitoring band on his ankle. Within an hour of putting the band on his ankle, Noah can barely feel the monitor which is an example of ___________.

A)saturation
B)feature perception
C)sensory adaptation
D)tactile adaptation

Question 72

You hate it when your grandmother says the "glass is half full". This is an example of __________.

A)belong decrepitly old
B)perceiving things in a romantic way
C)perceiving things in a different way
D)being hopelessly romantic

Question 73

Neural tissue that makes up the back of the eyeball's interior wall is termed the ____________.

A)retina
B)sclera
C)vitreous humor
D)aqueous humor

Question 74

You failed your driving exam for not checking your ____________ spot, otherwise known as your scotoma.

A)shoulder
B)eye
C)blind
D)parallel parking

Question 75

The expression, "mind's eye", refers to_____________.

A)developing images on your retina
B)transmitting stimuli through the optic nerve
C)perceiving stimuli through the cones and rods in the eyes
D)developing visual mental imagery

Question 76

The actual physiological structure that is responsible for hearing is the _____________.

A)cochlear implant
B)cochlea
C)inner ear
D)outer ear

Question 77

Receptors for sour, salty, sweet and bitter tastes are located on the ________________________.

A)tongue, throat, cheeks and mouth roof
B)tongue, throat and mouth roof
C)tongue, cheeks and mouth roof
D)tongue and throat

Question 78

Infants are able to assess visual depths when they are placed at the top of a flight of stairs beginning at approximately _____________.

A)6 months of age
B)2 months of age
C)1 months of age
D)9 months of age

Question 79

______________________ is the developed realization in young children that objects exist even if they are not heard, seen, or touched.

A)witchcraft
B)object permanence
C)magic
D)object presence

Question 80

The sense of __________ is initiated from the stimulation of the olfactory receptors in the __________.

A)touch; skin
B)vision; eye
C)smell; nose
D)taste; tongue