Deck 2: Assessment And-Diagnosis

Question 1

What are the three basic elements to look for when assessing a psychology test?

A)Ease in understanding the questions, length of test, time given
B)Test style, font used, the phase of the moon
C)Reliability, validity, standardization
D)Common element, standardization, biserial correlation

Answer 1

Reliability, validity, standardization

Question 2

To make a diagnosis of a Major Depressive Episode based on DSM-5 criteria, a client would need to have five or more specific symptoms, with at least one of two necessary symptoms. Which symptom below is one of those necessary symptoms?

A)Significant weight loss
B)Feelings of worthlessness
C)Markedly diminished interest or pleasure
D)Fatigue or loss of energy

Answer 2

Markedly diminished interest or pleasure

Question 3

What is the differential diagnosis for Reactive Attachment Disorder according to the DSM-5?

A)Schizophrenia
B)Depression
C)Pervasive Developmental Disorders
D)Anxiety Disorders

Answer 3

Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Question 4

When using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, clinicians need to start ________.

A)At the bottom and evaluate each range for the function of the individual
B)At the top level and keep moving down the scale until the best match is found
C)By guessing at about which level the person might be functioning
D)With another type of assessment altogether

Question 5

When assessing a client's progress toward counseling goals, a clinician should __________.

A)Ask the client how they are doing
B)Refer to the treatment plan
C)Ask other clinicians how they think the client is doing
D)Not worry about assessing progress; it's all about the journey

Question 6

A person who scores highly in the Realistic area of Holland's vocational types is someone who_____.

A)Is very realistic in their goals.
B)Enjoys helping others reach their goals
C)Likes to work with their hands, machines, and tools.
D)Has a down-to-earth approach to life

Question 7

When meeting with a client, a career counselor might _____________.

A)Have the client take an interest inventory
B)Assist the client with self-exploration to determine goals
C)Teach decision-making skills
D)All of the above

Question 8

In the counseling assessment process, who is responsible for obtaining or bringing forth information needed for successful counseling?

A)The client
B)The counselor
C)The receptionist
D)The client's spouse

Question 9

Another reason to continue testing throughout the term of counseling is:

A)To reassure the client that he or she is getting the most for his or her money
B)Ongoing assessment will bring to light new needs that may have surfaced during counseling
C)To confuse the client and make the client think he or she needs counseling even more than he or she actually does
D)None of the above

Question 10

Do assessment practices stop once the counseling begins?

A)Yes, assessment is a one-time process that is performed before counseling begins
B)Yes, assessments are too difficult to score and any further testing attempts will confuse the process
C)No, assessment is an ongoing process throughout counseling
D)No, assessment takes place at the beginning of each session

Question 11

A preliminary step in utilizing tests in counseling is:

A)To let the expectations of the test be known.
B)To check the client's IQ
C)To gather information about the client's work history.
D)Both A and B

Question 12

What are two of the criticisms of projective tests?

A)Respondents cannot fake their responses; the tests are too easy
B)The tests cause too much anxiety; they are too unstructured
C)Two different examiners can interpret the same results two different ways; low reliability and validity of the tests
D)The results are worthless; the tests take too much time

Question 13

A test using cards that portray human figures in a variety of settings and situations is called___________.

A)The Thematic Apperception Test
B)The Unconscious Personality Test
C)The Apperception Test
D)The Henry Murray Test

Question 14

What is the Rorschach test?

A)A method for assessing personality
B)It's a test known as the inkblot test
C)It's a test using cards with pictures
D)All of the above

Question 15

What is the difference between the MMPI-1 and MMPI-2?

A)MMPI-1 is more up-to-date with current cultural and language changes
B)MMPI-2 is a revision of the tests done in 1989
C)Neither one has been changed much
D)None of the above

Question 16

Why are most of the questions on the MMPI test about abnormal behavior?

A)Most clients have abnormal behavior
B)Its purpose is to rule out the abnormal behaviors
C)It is designed primarily to diagnose psychological disorders
D)Both A and B

Question 17

Which of the following socioeconomic factor could affect the outcome of therapeutic counseling? Choose all that apply.

A)Lack of transportation
B)Lack of intrinsic motivation
C)Lack of positive cultural norms for entering therapy
D)None of the above

Question 18

What does socioeconomic status (SES) have to do with aging and health? Choose all that apply.

A)A person can afford better medical care and food with a higher income
B)More money makes everything look better, even aging
C)If you have a better income, you can afford to travel or join a gym
D)None of the above

Question 19

All but which of the following are warning signs that an older depressed male is at risk for committing suicide?

A)He is socially isolated
B)He is over 85
C)He has just retired
D)He has recently become disabled by a chronic health problem

Question 20

Elderly couples are concerned about which of the following?

A)Finances
B)Physical health
C)Memory loss
D)All of the above

Question 21

The DSM-5 includes a section for significant psychosocial and environmental problems. Which of the following would you report in this section?

A)Recent job loss
B)Failing the GED exam
C)Difficulty finding housing
D)All of the above

Question 22

One of the reasons bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose in a child under ten is that ________.

A)The symptoms mimic or overlap ADHD
B)Children under ten do not experience bipolar disorder
C)Children under ten usually are very irritable anyway
D)None of the above

Question 23

A critical component of the diagnostic interview includes which of the following?

A)Family and social history
B)Medical history
C)Previous diagnoses
D)All of the above

Question 24

Increasing depression after age 65 may be caused by which of the following? Choose all that apply.

A)The process of aging
B)Change in social status
C)Decrease in income
D)None of the above

Question 25

"My physician didn't call to tell me the test results. She probably has bad news and doesn't want to tell me." is an example of what type of distorted thinking?

A)All or nothing thinking
B)Overgeneralization
C)Mental filter
D)Jumping to conclusions

Question 26

Using motivation from 'within' is known as ______________ .

A)Inside motivation
B)Interior motivation
C)Intrinsic motivation
D)Idealistic motivation

Question 27

Mrs. Smith's thinking has improved with age in some areas and declined in others. This description best illustrates which theory of development?

A)Psychoanalytic theory
B)Baltes' selective optimization with compensation
C)Erikson's age linked tasks
D)The contextualist lifespan developmental approach

Question 28

What is extrinsic motivation?

A)Motivation that comes from within
B)Motivation that comes from outside sources
C)Motivation that comes from food
D)None of the above

Question 29

What three components make up all attitudes?

A)Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral
B)Emotional, Habitual, Disposition
C)Health, Physical, Mental
D)Nurture, Environment, Luck

Question 30

If when judging behavior of others we tend to emphasize internal personality factors over external situational causes; but when analyzing our own behavior, we emphasize internal personal attributions for our successes and ten to give external environmental attributions for our failures. This is known as ________________________ .

A)Compensating
B)Truth
C)Self-serving bias
D)Being different

Question 31

When we offer an explanation for behavior such as, "she was weak willed" or "he was intimidating," the term _______________ is applied.

A)Statement
B)Attribution
C)Generalization
D)Accusation

Question 32

With respect to crisis counseling, what is a crisis?

A)Single or recurrent problems that are overwhelming or traumatic
B)A psychosocial development stage
C)An episode of weakness
D)All of the above

Question 33

When a client first starts counseling, it is imperative to:

A)Have reliable transportation.
B)Have supportive surroundings.
C)Post it on Facebook.
D)All of the above.

Question 34

The empirical approach to test development uses the construction of comparison groups. Empirical evidence is gathered through __________ and __________ .

A)Indirect observation, exploration
B)Direct observation, exploration
C)Direct observation, experiment
D)Indirect observation, experiment

Question 35

A test user should be aware of the possible limitations of any particular test, including those associated with __________ . Choose all that apply.

A)Confidence intervals
B)Standard error of measurement
C)Reliability
D)All of the Above

Question 36

Some examples of qualitative methods of obtaining data are through conducting focus groups, asking open-ended survey questions, or role-playing. What does qualitative data provide that quantitative data does not?

A)Evidence
B)Depth and description
C)It provides no data
D)Facts and figures

Question 37

What are the benefits of doing an employee performance evaluation? Choose all that apply.

A)Improve employer-employee relationship
B)Increase employee motivation
C)Satisfy employee's need for recognition
D)All of the above

Question 38

Job analysis is a group of methods used to distinguish the content of a job in terms of activities involved, and job requirements. There are two approaches to job analysis.

A)Job-oriented, task-oriented
B)Task-oriented, worker-oriented
C)Task-oriented, employer-oriented
D)Employer-oriented, Worker-oriented

Question 39

Holland's theory of Vocational Types identifies six behavioral and personality styles that tend to drive individuals toward certain careers. One of these is the realistic style, which describes an individual who __________ .

A)Likes to help people; is friendly
B)Likes mathematics; is mechanical
C)Likes working with tools; is scientific
D)Likes creative arts; is expressive

Question 40

In Donald Super's development of self-concept theory, he establishes five stages of career and life development. One of these stages is the exploration stage, which is characterized by __________ . Choose all that apply.

A)Examines variety of careers
B)Development of skills
C)Discerns which career choices are realistic
D)All of the above

Question 41

If parents are divorcing, counseling may be recommended for their children. Counseling can also be helpful for the parents to attend together, in order to __________ .

A)Help make decisions about the children
B)Save the marriage
C)See which parent is best suited to care for the children
D)All of the above

Question 42

Gestalt therapists believe individuals experience psychological struggle, due to the different parts of themselves not being integrated. Thus, the basic goal of Gestalt therapy is to achieve "wholeness," which requires the integration of __________ and __________ .

A)Experience, spirituality
B)Brain, soul
C)Body, soul
D)Mind, body

Question 43

The first part of a community needs assessment is to develop a plan or approach to evaluating what resources are needed. Why is having a plan in place important for conducting a community needs assessment?

A)To give community members a voice
B)To give participants straightforward procedures
C)To save time and excessive effort
D)All of the above

Question 44

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is a system created by the American Psychiatric Association. The DSM-5 is used by clinicians to __________ and __________ mental disorders

A)Prioritize, classify
B)Diagnose, classify
C)Prioritize, treat
D)Diagnose, explore

Question 45

Although the DSM-5 continues to specifically categorize disorders, there is a new element that was not found in the previous version, the DSM-4. This additional aspect is __________ .

A)Therapeutic approaches
B)Acuteness measures
C)Treatment plans
D)All of the above

Question 46

The purpose of putting out the new edition of the DSM was __________ . Choose all that apply.

A)To improve diagnosis
B)To improve treatment
C)To decrease diagnoses
D)To advance research

Question 47

DSM-5 included some significant changes to certain mental disorders and diagnoses. Some diagnoses even had name changes. One of these major changes was to the previously labeled Childhood bipolar disorder. This is now called __________ .

A)Disorderly Mood Disorder
B)Mood Dysregulation Disorder
C)Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
D)Mood Regulation Disorder

Question 48

Ethically speaking, clinicians have the __________ to learn the DSM-5, and utilize it responsibly.

A)Freedom
B)Option
C)Responsibility
D)Choice

Question 49

Insanity is a legal term (not a diagnosis) used in court cases to determine if a person can be held responsible for his or her actions. How is this pertinent to the world of psychology? Choose all that apply.

A)Psychologists make the decision whether to label an individual insane or not
B)Deeming an individual as "insane" indicates presence of underlying mental illness
C)Clinicians, counselors, and psychologists are frequently called upon to impart evidence regarding mental status to the court
D)All of the above

Question 50

The newest addition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM-5, was released in __________ .

A)2001
B)2014
C)2013
D)2000

Question 51

There are many variables that can serve as significant predictors of therapeutic outcome, for example __________ . Choose all that apply.

A)Age
B)Education level
C)Relationship status
D)All of the above

Question 52

What abilities do clients with psychotic disorders often lack that make the possibility of engaging them in self-examination unlikely? Choose all that apply.

A)Schizophrenia
B)Delusions
C)Logical thinking
D)Hallucination free

Question 53

Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) is a numerical scale (0-100) used by clinicians to gauge an individual's social, occupational, and __________ functioning.

A)Psychological
B)Physical
C)Socioeconomic
D)Community

Question 54

In psychological assessment, a test's __________, and __________ should be considered before administration.

A)Rationality, validity
B)Reliability, validity
C)Reliability, rationality
D)Trustworthiness, validity

Question 55

The Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI) is used with chronically ill clients. The purpose of using the MBHI is to __________ . Choose all that apply.

A)Explore the patient's medical background
B)Identify patient supports or lack thereof
C)Identify psychiatric problems in medical patients
D)Identify the person's childhood behaviors

Question 56

DSM-5 has moved away from axial diagnosis documentation, while maintaining importance on the factors that were previously associated with Axis IV. These __________ and __________ factors are now represented with V-codes.

A)Behavioral, socioeconomic
B)Psychosocial, environmental
C)Environmental, behavioral
D)Socioeconomic, psychological

Question 57

Another way to refer to the cognitive distortion of all-or-nothing thinking is __________ .

A)Black and white thinking
B)Dichotomous analysis
C)Dichotomous reasoning
D)All of the above

Question 58

As a counselor who uses a strengths-based approach, how might you encourage your client Tim to think differently about his belief that his family is consistently under stress?

A)His family has endured much stress, and they possess the strengths and coping skills to survive together
B)His family has endured some stress, but not as much as many other people
C)His family has not endured stress
D)His family has endured much stress, and needs additional coping skills to continue dealing with the stress

Question 59

Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent diagnosis for children under the age of ten. What is something (besides hyperactivity) a parent could look out for in a child who may have ADHD. Choose all that apply.

A)Completing homework/chores
B)Taking turns
C)Sharing
D)All of the above

Question 60

The Dyadic Trust Scale is used to assess level of trust within __________ .

A)Sibling relationships
B)Intimate relationships
C)Marriage relationships
D)An individual

Question 61

A child whose parents are going through a divorce may experience a myriad of feelings including __________ .

A)Confusion
B)Abandonment
C)Guilt
D)All of the above

Question 62

Carter and McGoldrick suggest tasks new couple's need to complete to be able to commit to the relationship. One task is to __________ relationships with parents and siblings.

A)Renegotiate
B)Explore
C)Strengthen
D)Pull away from

Question 63

Cultural norms provide insight into a culture's __________, and define what are considered appropriate __________ within that culture.

A)Political influence, behaviors
B)Social influence, behavior
C)Social structure, boundaries
D)People, boundaries

Question 64

Conformity, a major category of social influence, is classified into two distinct types -__________and __________ .

A)Normative, educational
B)Normative, informational
C)Informational, subjective
D)Subjective, objective

Question 65

The study of how individuals explain the behavior of others or their own is called __________ .

A)Observer theory
B)Exploration theory
C)Inference theory
D)Attribution theory

Question 66

Jane watches the news every evening. Every evening for the past seven days, Jane has seen a news story regarding the crime in her town. Now, when Jane goes out, she is fearful, and feels in danger. Jane's recent fear could be described by __________ .

A)Selective perception
B)Saliency bias
C)Cognitive bias
D)Recency illusion

Question 67

Attribution is the process of assuming the causes of events, actions, or behaviors. Yet a fundamental attribution error is when people put too much emphasis on internal aspects (like personality characteristics), and ignore or minimize external factors and influences. The fundamental attribution error explains why people often __________ .

A)Blame the guilty party
B)Identify both internal and external factors
C)Blame the victim
D)Honor the victim

Question 68

A client who struggles with body image issues, and over-exercising habits is put into a treatment center where she is told she cannot exercise at all. Even though she is constantly monitored, and encouraged against it, the client continues to exercise. This is an example of the phenomenon of __________ .

A)Reactance
B)Resistance
C)Persistence
D)Perseverance

Question 69

The out-group homogeneity effect, a cognitive bias, is damaging as it can contribute to __________ .

A)Fear
B)Stereotyping
C)Originality
D)Neglect

Question 70

James is being reprimanded by his boss for something he did not do, yet he abstains from talking back, as he is new on the job. Later that night, when James returns home, he finds himself yelling at his wife for no particular reason. This is an example of __________ .

A)Hostile aggression
B)Displaced aggression
C)Transference
D)Countertransference

Question 71

Different roles affect behavior. What kinds of roles should be considered when looking at an individual's behavior change(s)? Choose all that apply.

A)Social roles
B)Cultural roles
C)Situation specific roles
D)All of the above

Question 72

Piaget's concrete operational stage of development is known as a turning point for a person's cognitive development. This is because it indicates the start of __________ thinking.

A)Cognitive
B)Logical
C)Introspective
D)Conservative

Question 73

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development identifies eight stages people go through in the course of a lifetime. Each stage is connected to a psychosocial predicament that one must work through, in order to move on to the next developmental stage. In the identity vs. role confusion stage, what question might a person ask himself or herself as part of working towards the next stage?

A)"Can I Love?"
B)"Is it OK to be Me?"
C)"Can I Make My Life Count?"
D)"Who Am I?"

Question 74

Lawrence Kohlberg moral stages of development are broken down into three distinct levels. The first level is called Pre-conventional Morality, where an individual learns __________ . Choose all that apply.

A)Punishment Orientation
B)Individualism
C)Interpersonal Relationships
D)Universal Principles

Question 75

A person's personality is made up of his or her __________ . Choose all that apply.

A)Intentions
B)Thoughts
C)Behaviors
D)Feelings

Question 76

In which stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development is caring for others a main focus?

A)Trust vs. Mistrust
B)Integrity vs. Despair
C)Generativity vs. Stagnation
D)Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 77

What is one example of why people's memory systems are selective in nature? Choose all that apply.

A)To encourage retention of positive experiences
B)To avoid filling it to capacity with unnecessary information
C)To filter out all the negative memories
D)None of the above

Question 78

During Erikson's ego integrity vs. despair stage of psychosocial development, people seek to reflect back on life. If this stage proves to be unproductive, this means an individual may be left feeling __________ .

A)Regretful
B)Accomplished
C)Desperate
D)Angry

Question 79

Adolescence is the period of growth, and maturity that typically falls between the ages 12 and 18. Adolescence is often a hard time for children. Some of these difficult experiences can include __________ . Choose all that apply.

A)Sexual exploration
B)Attachment
C)Peer pressure
D)Physical changes

Question 80

Erikson's autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage of psychosocial development identifies __________ as an important event/happening during this phase of maturation.

A)Social relationships
B)Exploration
C)Toilet training
D)School