Deck 3: Counseling and Psychotherapy

Question 1

'Informed Consent' in a counseling situations means__________.

A)The clinician informs the client they will meet with them each week
B)Outlines the clinician's responsibilities to the client
C)Outlines the client's responsibilities to the clinician
D)Both B and C

Answer 1

Both B and C

Question 2

If a counselor is aware that a client is engaging in using illegal drugs, is the counselor bound by law to notify the proper authorities of this activity?

A)No, the counselor should try to get in on the action.
B)No, the only way the counselor should break confidentiality is if the client's activities will likely do harm to himself or herself, another person, or property.
C)Yes, any illegal activity should be reported to the proper authorities.
D)Yes, but it should only be done anonymously so as not to lose the trust of the client.

Answer 2

No, the only way the counselor should break confidentiality is if the client's activities will likely do harm to himself or herself, another person, or property.

Question 3

Counselors have a responsibility to protect clients who threaten suicide or any other form of physical harm against themselves. This is usually called ____________.

A)Responsible reporting
B)Duty to warn
C)Duty to respond to threats
D)Breaking confidentiality

Answer 3

Duty to warn

Question 4

Confidentiality is an important aspect of the therapeutic relationship. Why?

A)It helps clients feel safe in treatment
B)It encourages clients to share material that might be painful or embarrassing
C)It helps clinicians trust the client
D)Both A and B

Question 5

When a counselor is seeing clients under supervision, what does the client need to know about the arrangement?

A)How often the counselor meets with the supervisor
B)That the counselor is being supervised and will be consulting with a licensed clinician to discuss clients status
C)The client does not need to know the counselor is being supervised
D)None of the above

Question 6

What rights do clients have in relation to the testing process?

A)No special 'rights'
B)Just to know when a test is being given and the scores
C)Informed consent, signed release for any information given to others
D)The right to payment for participation

Question 7

Counseling practitioners may fully discuss clients with which of the following?

A)Their mothers
B)Other counselors in the coffee room
C)The client's mother
D)None of the above

Question 8

How would you describe a dual relationship in one word?

A)Ethical
B)Unethical
C)Depends
D)Nice

Question 9

What method is often used in securing informed consent?

A)Finger print document
B)Written consent
C)Oral consent
D)Both B and C

Question 10

What is one instance that might cause a clinician to break the strong code of client confidentiality?

A)Feeling the need to talk
B)Duty to warn
C)When the therapist is going on vacation
D)All of the above

Question 11

One aspect of role induction is ______________.

A)Listening to the client
B)Familiarizing the client with the nature of counseling
C)Ensuring the room is set up properly
D)None of the above

Question 12

Driving a car; telephone etiquette

A)Driving a car; telephone etiquette
B)Resume writing; interview techniques
C)Organization; hand writing
D)Career counselors do not help people develop job seeking skills

Question 13

When is clinician self-disclosure appropriate? Choose all that apply.

A)Clinician self-disclosure is never appropriate
B)When it enhances the collaborative nature of the client-clinician relationship
C)When it provides a different perspective
D)None of the above

Question 14

Elena's client admitted to drinking excessively at a party. Which of the following questions is most likely to have a negative impact on the client?

A)How did you feel about that?
B)What happened?
C)What would you do differently next time?
D)Why did you drink so much?

Question 15

In modifying faulty self-efficacy beliefs, a social cognitive career counselor may assist their client to __________ and ____________.

A)Adjust their attitude and create new outcomes
B)Develop new performance beliefs and reanalyze past experiences
C)Regroup their skills and reorganize their resume
D)None of the above

Question 16

What are some techniques used in psychodynamic therapy?

A)Self-empowerment and grounding.
B)Free association and building a strong therapeutic alliance.
C)Identifying and investigating automatic thoughts.
D)Interpersonal relationships between client and therapist and placing emphasis on current situations.

Question 17

One way an expectancy table can be used in counseling is for making decisions. Another way is:

A)To provide clients with information on how long they can expect to be in counseling.
B)To tell you when your baby is due.
C)To provide clients with information on how they might succeed in a particular area.
D)None of the above.

Question 18

When considering treatment goals for brief solution-based therapy, what considerations need to be kept in mind?

A)Goals should be written down
B)Goals need to be meaningful and important to clients
C)Goals need to be small and within easy reach
D)All of the above

Question 19

What type of therapy would be the basis for a smoking cessation program?

A)Adlerian therapy
B)Existential therapy
C)Cognitive behavior therapy
D)Person-centered therapy

Question 20

Before cognitive therapists move forward with interventions, they take the time to develop a _______________.

A)Hypothesis
B)Case formulation
C)Outline of interventions
D)Time line of treatment

Question 21

Judith Beck, a leading cognitive therapist, has recommended 10 procedures for an initial session. Which one of the answers below is not one of these procedures?

A)Establish a meaningful agenda
B)Identify and review presenting problems
C)Lead the client in a series of free associations
D)Establish goals

Question 22

In behavioral therapy, once the problem behaviors have been clearly described, a baseline can be obtained, reflecting the severity and frequency of the behaviors before treatment. What do both the client and clinician need to decide?

A)How to measure the behavior
B)Ways to record the measurement
C)How the client feels about the behavior
D)Both A and B

Question 23

When do clinicians need to refer clients to other professionals?

A)When a possible underlying medical condition is discovered
B)When additional concerns discovered are not within the clinician's expertise
C)When the clinician is having a bad day
D)A and B

Question 24

As a counselor, what other agencies could you work with in a crisis situation?

A)Law enforcement agencies
B)FEMA
C)State Health and Human Services
D)All of the above

Question 25

There are __________ categories of psychotherapeutic alliances. An example of one type of psychotherapeutic alliance/relationship is __________ .

A)seven, transferential or countertransferential
B)three, working
C)five, transferential or countertransferential
D)five, interpersonal

Question 26

An example of countertransference in a therapeutic relationship is:

A)Therapist Jane remains quiet when her client becomes defiant.
B)Therapist Jane reminds the client of her emotionally abusive mother, causing the client to react negatively to therapist Jane
C)Therapist Jane reminds the client of her emotionally abusive mother, causing the client to shut down, and refuse to speak to therapist Jane.
D)Therapist Jane is struggling with disciplining her child at home. Jane is working with a client who is defiant throughout the session, and reacts to client as if he or she were her child.

Question 27

Multimodal therapy encompasses all elements of ones' personality, and is modified for each client's individuality. This means that using interventions targeted towards people's __________ are most effective.

A)Personality styles
B)Preferred modalities
C)Behaviors
D)Cognitions

Question 28

In multimodal therapy, Lazarus identifies seven personality constructs that can cause problems. Which of the following are integral elements that make up one's personalities? Choose all that apply.

A)Interpersonal relationships
B)Cognition
C)Creativity
D)Sensations

Question 29

Bridging is a central technique, associated with multimodal therapy. A broad example of bridging is __________ .

A)The therapist notes the client responds to a question using reasoning (cognition), and encourages the client to stay with this cognitive modality
B)The therapist notes the client responds to a question, based on his or her feelings (emotion), and urges the client to stop focusing on emotions
C)The therapist notes the client responds to a question using reasoning (cognition), and shifts the client (when appropriate) to address the question based on his or her feelings (emotion)
D)None of the above

Question 30

In multimodal therapy, what is an example of a question a clinician might ask, regarding the first "I" in the BASIC-ID acronym?

A)What health concerns do you have?
B)What do you hope to be doing in the future?
C)How do you interact with others?
D)What makes you happy/sad?

Question 31

What therapeutic intervention in Gestalt therapy is frequently used to help clients with eating disorders with addressing their inner critic?

A)The Miracle Question
B)EMDR
C)Empty Chair Work
D)Sandtray

Question 32

In Gestalt therapy, the clinician's questions for the client are an important part of the process. Choose the question most likely to be asked by a Gestalt clinician in a therapy session.

A)What emotions do you experience when you argue with your mother?
B)Does your mother make you angry?
C)Why do you feel sad when you argue with your mother?
D)All of the above

Question 33

In person-centered counseling, the therapeutic alliance is a very important element. This is demonstrated by the idea that:

A)The client will otherwise experience rejection
B)The therapist and client become good friends
C)The therapist and client are seen as equals
D)The therapist has the ability to improve the client's life

Question 34

In person-centered therapy, a therapeutic environment conducive to growth is crucial for client growth. What are some ways this environment is created?

A)Empathic understanding, congruence, and consistency
B)Unconditional positive regard, sympathetic understanding, and congruence
C)Unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding, and congruence
D)Consistency, empathic understanding, and congruence

Question 35

People often seek therapists who practice within a certain theoretical orientation, based on the specific concerns, or uncertainties they have. Individuals who seek out an existential therapist might be asking themselves this question:

A)How can I change my negative self-talk?
B)What is the meaning of being alive?
C)What happens to me after I die?
D)Both B and C

Question 36

Cognitive therapy posits numerous ways individuals are distorted in their thinking (cognitive distortions). A common cognitive distortion is catastrophizing. An example of catastrophizing is:

A)Because I woke up late for work, I will lose my job, and end up homeless
B)Because I woke up late for work, there will be a hurricane
C)Because I woke up late for work, I might as well just go back to bed
D)All of the above

Question 37

Some of the first things the client can expect to occur in an initial cognitive therapy session are __________, and __________ .

A)Active listening, relationship building
B)Payment, identifying the problem
C)Assessments, agenda setting
D)Assessments, payment

Question 38

Behavior therapy is focused on helping the client to recognize how a change in behavior can produce a change in how they are feeling, internally. A common technique used when starting behavior therapy is self-monitoring. An example of self-monitoring is:

A)A client with anorexia journaling on a daily basis
B)A client with anorexia recording each time he or she has a negative body image thought
C)A client with anorexia participating eating a meal and recording how he or she feels afterwards
D)All of the above

Question 39

In crisis counseling, what are two essential elements in helping an individual return to normal functioning?

A)Identifying the crisis, and providing money
B)Emotional support, and increasing coping skills
C)Providing money, and entertainment
D)Emotional support, and distraction

Question 40

Following a natural disaster, such as a hurricane or tsunami, children and elderly people require special care due to the specific needs of these populations. Children need extra care due to their lack of experience and deficiencies in __________, and __________; the elderly experience natural disasters, and often experience increased feelings of __________ .

A)flexibility, dexterity; frustration
B)vocabulary, conceptual ability; depression
C)emotional expression, relationships; anger
D)None of the above

Question 41

Multimodal therapy focuses on seven different parts of functioning, which together create the acronym BASIC ID. If a therapist works with a client who is typically passive when interacting with others, the treatment plan would focus on increasing assertiveness. Increasing assertiveness falls under the 'B' part of the acronym, which stands for __________ .

A)Belief
B)Bias
C)Biology
D)Behavior

Question 42

Developmental Counseling and Therapy (DCT) is used to help individual's gain more range in cognitive developmental structures. Knowing this, one might correctly assume that DCT uses the framework of __________'s theory.

A)Piaget
B)Freud
C)Pavlov
D)Binet

Question 43

In Developmental Counseling and Therapy (DCT), __________ is an example of an intervention used when addressing the sensorimotor modality of an individual.

A)Journaling
B)Rapport building
C)Yoga
D)All of the above

Question 44

Observing children at a playground, then using a methodical means of collecting data is an example of __________ .

A)Systematic observation
B)Scientific observation
C)Informative observation
D)Casual observation

Question 45

__________ and __________ are central focuses in integral therapy.

A)Humor and sarcasm
B)EMDR and adventure therapy
C)Spirituality and diversity
D)Spirituality and humor

Question 46

Who developed cognitive therapy?

A)Salvador Minuchin
B)Aaron T. Beck
C)Albert Ellis
D)Carl Jung

Question 47

A major difference between solution focused therapy, and psychodynamic therapy is the focus on the __________ vs. __________ .

A)present, past
B)past, present
C)present, future
D)future, past

Question 48

A goal of existential therapy is for clients to face their fears. A common fear clients' present is the fear of death. To address this fear, clinicians frequently ask this question:

A)Where do you want to be buried?
B)What does your religion say about death?
C)What do you wish you could change about your life?
D)How would you live your life differently if you knew you would die next week?

Question 49

Regarding Motivational Enhancement Therapy, which statement is false?

A)It is long-term
B)It is aimed at producing internal motivation for change
C)It incorporates healthy coping strategies for triggering situations
D)It is goal-oriented

Question 50

Collaborative therapy relies on __________ .

A)Dialogue
B)Honesty
C)Experiential activities
D)Assessment

Question 51

Collaborative therapy centers on the idea that knowledge, and awareness are results of human interactions, and conversation. A therapist's role in collaborative therapy is to be a(n) __________ . Choose all that apply.

A)Asker of questions
B)Responsive, active listener
C)Silent participant
D)None of the above

Question 52

What is the purpose of schema-focused therapy?

A)To support clients in breaking patterns of negative thinking
B)To increase emotional awareness in clients
C)To assist clients in developing healthy alternatives to old coping skills
D)All of the above

Question 53

Family therapy assists clients in reflecting upon childhood memories, and using that knowledge to improve current relationships. What is a popular intervention frequently used in family therapy?

A)EMDR
B)Sandtray
C)Reenactment
D)A and C

Question 54

Industrial/Organizational (I/ O) psychology explores how a workplace setting impacts an individual's behavior. I/ O psychologists do all of the following except:

A)Coach employees
B)Implement training programs
C)Provide psychotherapy to employees
D)Develop performance evaluations

Question 55

The general goal of Industrial/ Organizational psychology is to study, explore, and better understand __________ in the __________ .

A)human dynamics, home
B)human behavior, workplace
C)human behavior, home
D)human dynamics, world

Question 56

Human factor psychologists spend much of their time doing __________, to create more productive work environments.

A)Research
B)Intakes
C)Individual Assessments
D)A and B

Question 57

A part of Industrial and Organizational psychology looks at how to match individuals to a job that will best suit them. This is done through examining employee characteristics. This sect of I/ O psychology is called:

A)Employee psychology
B)Personnel psychology
C)Match psychology
D)Evaluation psychology

Question 58

According to social cognitive career theory, an individual's career search can be influenced by his or her self-efficacy beliefs. Social cognitive career theory identifies four factors that can affect someone's self-efficacy beliefs. One of these is __________ .

A)Education
B)Familial support
C)Self-worth
D)Vicarious experiences

Question 59

In Social Cognitive Theory, counselors help clients explore real or perceived barriers to a specific career goal. An example of one of these barriers is __________ .

A)Family pressure
B)Personal beliefs
C)Education
D)All of the above

Question 60

Donald Super's Archway Model of Career Determinants theory explains how these three factors impact an individual's career development over a lifetime.

A)Physiological, sociological, psychological
B)Biographical, sociological, psychological
C)Biographical, physiological, economical
D)Sociological, psychological, physiological

Question 61

According to Bandura's social cognitive theory, one way an individual might derive self-efficacy from is through __________ . Choose all that apply.

A)Receiving monetary gifts
B)Seeking therapy
C)Verbal persuasion
D)All of the above

Question 62

In career counseling, life roles play a significant role in our career choices. Super identifies five major life role stages. During which stage do individuals seek stabilization within his or her career choice?

A)Establishment
B)Maintenance
C)Exploration
D)Balancing

Question 63

Psychobiology was one of the eight schools of thought at the onset of what is considered contemporary psychology. Psychobiology studies:

A)Connections between physiology and human relationships
B)Connections between body and physiology
C)Connections between behavior and body
D)None of the above

Question 64

Structuralism, one of the earliest schools of psychology, concentrates on the breakdown of mental processes into the most basic parts. A literal example of this would be describing an apple as:

A)Crispy, round, firm, and sweet
B)A fruit
C)A biblical symbol
D)None of the above

Question 65

Gestalt put forth one of the first major theories of thought in the world of psychology. What is one contemporary psychological theory greatly influenced by the Gestalt approach?

A)Industrial and Organizational Psychology
B)Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
C)Dialectical Behavioral Therapy.
D)None of the above
E)Dialectical Behavioral Therapy

Question 66

Sigmund Freud put forth numerous theories, and several of his ideas have received much criticism, and garnered much controversy. Freud's theory on __________ is a one that gained disapproval from many.

A)Birth
B)Animal behavior
C)Death
D)All of the above

Question 67

Victor Frankl was an early existentialist therapist, and the founder of logotherapy. Logotherapy asserts that individuals are motivated through the desire to find __________ in life.

A)Stability
B)Meaningful relationships
C)Money
D)Meaning

Question 68

A major critique of structuralism was that the theory dealt predominantly with __________ concepts.

A)Tangible
B)Unobservable
C)Emotional
D)None of the above

Question 69

What is an example of a dual relationship within psychotherapy?

A)Your client is your dentist
B)Your therapist is also seeing your sister
C)All of the above
D)None of the above

Question 70

Therapist Jim is presented with a particular client situation, where he must decide the most appropriate action to take. Jim would reflect upon his __________ to facilitate his decision making process.

A)Morals
B)Education
C)Ethics
D)Values

Question 71

Ethical decision-making is a vital part of counselor training. Ethical decision-making is best understood in the construct of moral principles. Fidelity is one moral principle that serves as part of the foundation of counselor ethical decision-making. Fidelity refers to:

A)Acting in a fair, and unbiased manner
B)Trust between counselor and client
C)The responsibility to assist in promoting client welfare
D)All of the above

Question 72

Throughout a counselor's career, it is imperative that they be introspective, as well as seek personal counseling when needed. Exploration of personal __________ is (are) vital for counselors to pay attention to, as a way of ensuring the client's best interest is served.

A)Cultural beliefs
B)Biases
C)Self-care
D)All of the above

Question 73

What is not a fundamental assumption of ethical awareness in counseling?

A)Not all counselors make mistakes about boundary decisions
B)It is a continual process
C)Research is forever changing
D)Consultation is necessary

Question 74

Your client, Jim, is 45 years-old and suffers from depression. Which open-ended question might be appropriate to ask if you want to find out more about his current life struggles?

A)Are you unhappy in your current relationship?
B)What was your childhood like?
C)What has been going on in your life lately?
D)Based on your current circumstances, would you say your life is bad?

Question 75

Which client is most appropriate for Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?

A)Not motivated, low self-esteem
B)Not motivated, poor insight
C)Very motivated, irrational
D)Very motivated, rational

Question 76

A __________ is the most effective predictor of a positive treatment outcome in psychotherapy.

A)Strong therapeutic alliance
B)Motivated client
C)More educated clinician
D)Strong treatment plan

Question 77

The reparative psychotherapeutic alliance is one of the five types of alliances in psychotherapy. To promote client healing, __________ is an essential element to this psychotherapeutic alliance.

A)Spirituality
B)Unconditional acceptance
C)A contract
D)All of the above

Question 78

Duty to Warn, an essential part of professional ethics in the mental health field, stemmed from what Supreme Court decision?

A)Jackson vs. Indiana
B)O'Conner vs. Donaldson
C)Lockett vs. Ohio
D)Tarasoff vs. Regents of University of California

Question 79

Why is personal insight an important characteristic of an effective clinician?

A)They can take time off to deal with personal issues
B)They can identify countertransference
C)They can identify transference
D)All of the above

Question 80

As a client, it is important for the clinician to inform you of these things during your first session:

A)Client rights, confidentiality, and diagnosis
B)Client rights, confidentiality, and fees
C)Confidentiality, fees, and treatment plan
D)Therapeutic approach, treatment plan, and diagnosis