Deck 11: Pharmacology

Question 1

The eye reacts with stinging and irritation whenever the pH varies from

A)8
B)9
C)6
D)7

Answer 1

7

Question 2

What does tonicity refer to?

A)The concentration of a chemical in a solution
B)The color of a solution
C)The viscosity of a solution
D)The pH of a solution

Answer 2

The concentration of a chemical in a solution

Question 3

Once a sealed bottle of eye drops is opened, they are no longer considered

A)viable.
B)sterile.
C)stable.
D)all of the above.

Answer 3

sterile.

Question 4

Which of the following is considered a systemic drug?

A)Pills
B)Intravenous injections
C)Intramuscular injections
D)All of the above

Question 5

The abbreviation OD stands for

A)left eye.
B)right eye.
C)right cornea.
D)left cornea.

Question 6

Eye drops penetrate the cornea best if they are

A)water-soluble.
B)instilled near an eyelid.
C)instilled over the corneal surface.
D)A and C.

Question 7

Allergic reactions to locally administered ocular medications typically involve

A)the skin of the lids.
B)the conjunctiva.
C)the cornea.
D)A and B.

Question 8

Which ocular antibiotic most commonly causes an allergic reaction?

A)Tobramycin
B)Gentamicin
C)Neomycin
D)Polymyxin

Question 9

If epinephrine is exposed to heat and light and turns brown, it will be

A)inactivated.
B)contaminated.
C)sterile.
D)A and B.

Question 10

Using a single eye drop bottle for multiple patients increases the risk of

A)overdose.
B)spreading infections.
C)inactivation.
D)allergic reactions.

Question 11

Seen on a prescription, the phrase "take bid"means

A)take once a day.
B)take twice a day.
C)take three times a day.
D)take four times a day.

Question 12

Compared to mydriatic agents, how do the effects of cycloplegic agents affect the eye?

A)Dilates the pupil
B)Constricts the pupil
C)Paralyzes accommodation
D)Both dilates the pupil and paralyzes accommodation

Question 13

Phenylephrine is what type of drug?

A)Parasympathomimetic
B)Sympathomimetic
C)Miotic agent
D)Cycloplegic

Question 14

What effect do miotic drugs have on the pupil?

A)Dilation
B)Analgesic
C)Constriction
D)Paralyze

Question 15

A systemic side effect of echothiophate iodide, a cholinesterase inhibitor, is

A)headaches.
B)sweating and salivation.
C)fatigue.
D)all of the above.

Question 16

The aim of a local anesthetic is to

A)render the patient unconscious.
B)paralyze the patient.
C)eliminate sensation in a specific part of the body.
D)all of the above.

Question 17

Corticosteroids are used to treat

A)inflammation.
B)glaucoma.
C)corneal abrasion.
D)strabismus.

Question 18

Steroid therapy is used to treat which of the following eye diseases?

A)Conjunctivitis
B)Iritis
C)Retinal detachment
D)All of the above

Question 19

All of the following are mast cell stabilizers except for

A)cromolyn sodium.
B)lodoxaminetromethamine.
C)olopatadine hydrochloride.
D)ketorolac.

Question 20

Antibiotics are most effective against

A)viruses.
B)bacteria.
C)fungi.
D)all of the above.

Question 21

A patient with a herpes infection of the cornea should be treated with

A)an antibiotic.
B)an antifungal.
C)an antiviral.
D)corticosteroids.

Question 22

On prescriptions, the symbol "M" or "Mitte" stands for

A)label directions.
B)drug concentration.
C)refill.
D)quantity of drug.

Question 23

A retrobulbar injection is administered through

A)the skin of the upper lid.
B)the skin of the lower lid.
C)the cornea.
D)the iris.

Question 24

Given the choice, what is the most effective form of medication in the treatment of a child who is crying?

A)Eye drops
B)Suspension
C)Ointment
D)Child must stop crying for each of the above

Question 25

What is the tonicity of 1% Atropine?

A)1%
B)99%
C)50%
D)Not discernable

Question 26

What technique can be used to avoid systemic absorption of eye drops?

A)Having the patient close their eye directly after instillation
B)Applying a cotton pledget over the lacrimal sac before instillation
C)Instructing the patient to tilt their head back after instillation
D)Holding the dropper as close to the eye as possible

Question 27

Side effects of topically applied steroids include all of the following except

A)raising of intraocular pressure.
B)potentiation of bacterial growth.
C)potentiation of viral growth.
D)astigmatism.

Question 28

Cycloplegic drops are most commonly used in which of the following procedures?

A)Refraction of children's eyes
B)Intraocular examinations
C)Iritis therapy
D)A and C

Question 29

Solutions that reduce the size of the conjunctival blood vessels are known as

A)antiallergic agents.
B)antivirals.
C)decongestants.
D)mast cell stabilizers.

Question 30

Contact lens solution is designed to do what to lenses?

A)Sterilize
B)Disinfect
C)Acidify
D)Heat

Question 31

Which of the following is an ocular stain used to show defects or abrasions on the corneal epithelium?

A)Fluoroquin
B)Fluorescein
C)Gram stain
D)Trifluridine

Question 32

Seen on a prescription, the abbreviation "ac"stands for what?

A)Before meals
B)After meals
C)Bedtime
D)Three times a day