Question 1

What is 'gain' in a biofeedback machine?&#10;A)False readings&#10;B)Ability to amplify input signal&#10;C)Difference between the lowest and highest frequency&#10;D)Unwanted electrical signal

Accepted Answer

Gain is the ability to amplify input signal.
Surface EMG needs the high gain.
False readings are known as artifacts.
Differences between the lowest and highest frequency is known as bandwidth.
Unwanted electrical signals are called noise. Lowering the noise betters the recording.

Question 2

If a patient can produce a sufficient muscle EMG recording, what is the reason they still can't achieve any function of that muscle?&#10;A)Movement artifact&#10;B)Volume conduction artifact&#10;C)Noise

Accepted Answer

Volume conduction artifacts are the reason for the false recording.
Volume conduction artifacts result when the signals from nearby muscles are sampled by surface electrodes. The prevention of these artifacts can be achieved by first inhibiting the antagonists and then by facilitating the agonists.
Movement artifacts are recorded when the muscles are weak and amplification is high.
Unwanted electrical signals are called noise. Lowering the noise betters the recording.

Question 3

What is the duration of treatment if the dose of medication used in iontophoresis is 60 mA /min, with output intensity 6 mA?&#10;A)6 min&#10;B)7 min&#10;C)8 min&#10;D)10 min

Accepted Answer

10 min is the treatment duration if the dose of medication is 60mA/min with an output intensity 6 mA.
It is calculated by the following formula:
Current Ampere (mA) × Treatment Duration (min) = Dose mA /min

Question 4

At which temperature does a cold-related injury occur?&#10;A)32 degree F&#10;B)55 degree F&#10;C)9 degree F&#10;D)13.3 degree F

Accepted Answer

Usually a cold- related injury occurs when a skin temperature is 55 degree F.
When the skin temperature is at 32 degree F, the intracellular fluids begin to freeze and results in frostbite.
When the skin temperature drops to 9 degree F, neurological changes begin to appear. Muscle spindles are activated.
When the skin temperature drops to 13.3 degree F, the motor nerve conduction velocity is reduced by 14%. Sensory nerve conduction velocity is reduced by 33%.

Question 5

Which of the following options describes the uninterrupted bidirectional flow of electrons?&#10;A)Direct current&#10;B)Alternating current&#10;C)Monophasic pulsed current&#10;D)Biphasic pulsed current

Accepted Answer

The uninterrupted bidirectional flow of electrons is called alternating current.
The alternating current is used for treating pain, and muscle contractions, etc.
Uninterrupted unidirectional flow of electrons is called direct current.
Pulsed unidirectional flow of electrons is called monophasic pulsed current.
Pulsed bidirectional flow of electrons is called biphasic pulsed current.

Question 6

Which of the following is contraindicated for heat application?&#10;A)Chronic pain&#10;B)Chronic muscle spasm&#10;C)Hematoma&#10;D)Anesthetic area

Accepted Answer

Anesthetic area is contraindicated for heat application.
The patient cannot feel the amount of heat applied to the anesthetic area and this can lead to injury of skin. Therefore, it is contraindicated.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a differentiating feature between cold and heat application?&#10;A)Effect of treatment depth&#10;B)Blood flow to the applied area&#10;C)Effect on muscle spasm&#10;D)Rate of cell metabolism

Accepted Answer

Effect on muscle spasm is not a differentiating feature between cold and heat application.
Both cold and heat reduces the muscle spasm.
Cold reduces the sensitivity of muscle spindle, thereby decreases spasm. Heat reduces the ischemia and pain by reducing the sensitivity of the gamma efferent. Heat increases the blood flow, thereby reduces the local metabolites resulting in further reduction of spasm.
The treatment depth, blood flow, and rate of metabolism are different for cold and heat.
The depth of cold treatment reaches up to 5 cm, whereas superficial heat reaches 1-2 cm and deep heat reaches 2-5cm.
When the cold is applied, there would be reduction in the blood flow, whereas while applying heat, there would be increase in the blood flow.
The rate of metabolism will be reduced while applying cold and increases while applying heat.

Question 8

How is the temperature of the water adjusted in a hot immersion whirlpool?&#10;A)The temperature of the water is increased as the proportion of the body area immersed increases&#10;B)The temperature of the water is reduced as the proportion of the body area immersed increases&#10;C)Standard temperature setting in spite of body area

Accepted Answer

In a hot immersion whirlpool, the temperature of water is reduced as the proportion of the body area immersed increases.
The temperature is reduced because if the patient's core temperature is increased too rapidly, it would result in hyperthermia.
In a cold immersion whirlpool, the temperature of the water is increased as the proportion of the body area immersed increases because hypothermia occurs if the body is cooled too rapidly.

Question 9

What is the percentage of time that ultrasound energy is emitted from the sound called?&#10;A)Beam non-uniformity ratio&#10;B)Duty cycle&#10;C)Effective radiating area&#10;D)Intensity

Accepted Answer

The percentage of time that ultrasound energy is being emitted from the sound is called duty cycle.
If the duty cycle is 100%, then the ultrasound output is constant and results in primary thermal effects.
Consistency of the ultrasound output as ratio between the spatial peak intensity and spatial average intensity is called beam non-uniformity ratio (BNR).
The area of the sound head that produces the ultrasound waves is called effective radiating area.
The amount of power generated by the ultrasound unit is called intensity.

Question 10

Which layer of the skin determines the rate and amount of medication that are transferred to the deeper tissues?&#10;A)Stratum corneum&#10;B)Stratum spinosum&#10;C)Stratum granulosum

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum determines the rate and amount of medication that are transferred to the deeper tissues.
Stratum corneum helps the skin to act as a waterproofing and prevents infection.
Stratum granulosum helps in water retention and heat regulation.
Stratum spinosum is another layer of skin for protection.

Question 11

Which anesthetic medication is commonly used in phonophoresis?&#10;A)Hydrocortisone&#10;B)Dexamethasone&#10;C)Myoflex&#10;D)Lidocaine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which anesthetic medication is commonly used in...

Question 12

What is the labeling requirement recommended for ultrasound by the Food and Drug administration (FDA)?&#10;A)Output frequency&#10;B)Effective radiating area&#10;C)Beam non-uniformity ratio&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the labeling requirement recommended for...

Question 13

Which placement technique of TENS is delivered by placing one electrode at the spinal nerve root and the other on the corresponding dermatome?&#10;A)Dermatome placement&#10;B)Spinal cord level placement&#10;C)Stimulation point placement&#10;D)Contralateral placement

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which placement technique of TENS is delivered...

Question 14

What is the depth of penetration of 3 MHZ thermal ultrasound?&#10;A)5 - 6 cm&#10;B)6 - 7 cm&#10;C)0.8 - 3 cm&#10;D)7 - 8 cm

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the depth of penetration of...

Question 15

Which structures are heated by the capacitive method of shortwave diathermy?&#10;A)Muscle&#10;B)Blood vessels&#10;C)Adipose tissue&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which structures are heated by the capacitive...

Question 16

What is the pulse frequency of brief - intense TENS?&#10;A)> 100 pps&#10;B)60 - 100 pps&#10;C)2 - 4 pps

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the pulse frequency of brief...

Question 17

Which of the following is not an indication for continuous passive motion (CPM)?&#10;A)Joint contracture&#10;B)Thrombophlebitis&#10;C)Spastic paralysis&#10;D)After anterior cruciate ligament repair

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not an...

Question 18

What is the recommended force application for lumbar disc problems?&#10;A)13 - 20 kg&#10;B)20 % of the body weight&#10;C)25 % of the body weight&#10;D)5 - 7 kg

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the recommended force application for...

Question 19

When applying lumbar traction, what is the effect of flexing the hips from 60 to 75 degrees of flexion?&#10;A)Increase the laxity in L5 - S1&#10;B)Increase the laxity in L4 - L5&#10;C)Increase the laxity in L3 - L4

Accepted Answer

The answer of When applying lumbar traction, what is the...

Question 20

What is hunting response?&#10;A)Vasoconstriction followed by vasodilatation and then again vasoconstriction&#10;B)Vasodilatation followed by vasoconstriction and then again vasodilatation&#10;C)Vasoconstriction followed by no reaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is hunting response?&#10;A)Vasoconstriction followed by vasodilatation...

Question 21

A patient has arrived for treatment of peripheral edema. The patient's serum protein level is 1g/dl. Which type of compression technique could be useful in reducing edema?&#10;A)Compression garments&#10;B)Compression bandaging&#10;C)Intermittent pneumatic compression&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient has arrived for treatment of...

Question 22

What is the recommended inflation/deflation time ratio for deep vein thrombosis prevention while applying intermittent compression?&#10;A)1 : 1&#10;B)2 : 1&#10;C)3 : 4&#10;D)3 : 1

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the recommended inflation/deflation time ratio...

Question 23

What is the physiologic effect of shock at 100 - 200 mA?&#10;A)Imperceptible&#10;B)Tingling sensation&#10;C)Tissue burning&#10;D)Cardiac and respiratory arrest

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the physiologic effect of shock...

Question 24

Which of the following factors determines the quantity of ions transferred into the tissue during iontophoresis?&#10;A)Intensity of the current&#10;B)Duration of treatment&#10;C)Concentration of ions&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following factors determines the...

Deck 6: Therapeutic Modalities