Deck 9: Research-And-Program-Evaluation

Question 1

What are the three basic elements to look for when assessing a psychology test?

A)Ease in understanding the questions, length of test, time given
B)Test style, font used, the phase of the moon
C)Reliability, validity, standardization
D)Common element, standardization, biserial correlation

Answer 1

Reliability, validity, standardization

Question 2

What does an 'item characteristic' curve plot?

A)The responses to each of the options to an item
B)The item's difficulty against its discrimination
C)The probability of answering an item correctly against estimates of ability
D)An individual's responses against the entire group's responses

Answer 2

The probability of answering an item correctly against estimates of ability

Question 3

In teacher-made tests, an item analysis is important because:

A)It reveals correctable features in the test teaching
B)It informs the teacher as to whether the test should be counted or not
C)It produces useful technical research data
D)It supplies students with valuable additional scores

Answer 3

It reveals correctable features in the test teaching

Question 4

What does a self-report personality test examine?

A)It shows a multiple range of personality traits
B)It shows one specific personality trait
C)It shows how multiple personality traits interact
D)None of the above

Question 5

If you went to a Phrenologist to have your personality tested, how would the expert perform the test?

A)A paper and pencil test
B)A projective test (pictures)
C)An unstructured oral Q & A test
D)Examine the bumps on your head

Question 6

What is Basic research?

A)Using the goals of psychology to solve existing real-world problems
B)Describe, explain, predict, and change behavior
C)Using the goals of psychology to study behavior simply for knowledge
D)Research for fun

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT Applied Research?

A)Research using the principles and discoveries of psychology
B)Research that's done for practical purposes
C)Research to solve real-world problems
D)Research done for study purposes

Question 8

In the realm of psychological research, what procedures belong to research methodology?

A)Title, Mode of operation
B)Hypotheses, Variables
C)Experimentation, Sample
D)None of the above

Question 9

A Theory is an interrelated set of concepts that is developed in an attempt to explain_________.

A)The guesses or hunches or beliefs of the one doing the research
B)The more in depth discussion of experiments
C)A body of data and to generate testable hypotheses
D)Whatever it is that the theory wanted explained

Question 10

What is meant by the term "experiment"?

A)It's a carefully controlled scientific procedure
B)It's a procedure to see if certain variables have an effect on other variables
C)It's the gathering of data
D)Both A and B

Question 11

What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?

A)Independent is controlled by experimenter
B)The dependent is controlled by the experimenter
C)The dependent is controlled by the participant'
D)None of these are correct

Question 12

In the world of research, what is meant by a Placebo?

A)A substance producing no normal physiological effect
B)Something used as a control technique
C)Usually used in drug research
D)All of the above

Question 13

What is the meaning of the 'Placebo Effect'?

A)When the placebo reacts with someone
B)When the actual drug being studies does not react with the participant
C)When the participant reacts as though he took the actual drug, when in fact he received a substance known to produce no effect
D)When the participant falls asleep due to effects of an ingested chemical

Question 14

Experimenter bias is the tendency of ______________to influence ______________.

A)Experimenters, participants
B)Participants, experimenters
C)The group, research
D)Experimenters, the results of the research

Question 15

In the world of research, a definition of 'sample' is_____________.

A)A selected group that represents the population
B)A total of all possible cases in a given area
C)The drug used in the Placebo Effect
D)Who cares? At this point, I'm ready for the drug.

Question 16

A _______________is a tentative explanation for behavior.

A)Theory
B)Hypothesis
C)Sample
D)Experiment

Question 17

Why is an experiment the only way we can determine the cause of a behavior?

A)Because of the variables and elimination
B)Because of one single factor and its effect
C)Because experiments always work
D)Because the Placebo Effect uncovers the truth

Question 18

Which of the following is a non-experimental research technique?

A)Correlation
B)Replicate
C)Surveys
D)Perspectives

Question 19

When researchers systematically record the behavior of participants in their natural state or habitat it is referred to as ________________________.

A)Systematic observation
B)Informative observation
C)Scientific observation
D)Naturalistic observation

Question 20

What is a case study?

A)A study of rare disorders
B)A study of different cases
C)An in-depth study of a single subject
D)All research studies are case studies

Question 21

Different research designs and strategies are used to gain specific types of information. How does correlational research work?

A)Investigators assign subjects to groups at random and they receive different levels of a variable.
B)Investigators can't infer causal relationships.
C)Variables are assessed as a function of time.
D)Investigators use naturally occurring groups

Question 22

When determining test construction, researchers consider the number and type of variables, as well as ethical concerns. When would researchers choose to use multiple-baseline design?

A)When assignment is not possible
B)When reversal is not possible
C)When selection is not possible
D)When there is not enough data available

Question 23

In qualitative research like case studies, theory is developed based on data and refines hypotheses. Which of the following statements about case studies is not correct?

A)They are used to measure attitude, preferences, and satisfaction
B)They are based on the assumption that specific cases can be generalized.
C)They are based on close examination of one case.
D)They are most useful as pilot studies to identify variables to study using different methods.

Question 24

Meta-analysis is used to study outcomes of therapy and evaluate effectiveness of various therapeutic methods. What does meta-analysis utilize to draw conclusions about outcomes?

A)Available research literature
B)Feedback from therapists
C)Feedback from patients who have received therapy
D)Effect size of individual studies

Question 25

There are three types of research design. A study comparing alcohol consumption rates between adolescent males and females is what type of research?

A)True experimental
B)Quasi-experimental
C)Observational
D)Non-manipulated

Question 26

There are three main types of group design in research. Which design sometimes requires the process of counterbalancing?

A)Between groups design
B)Mixed design
C)Passive design
D)Within subjects design

Question 27

There are three main types of group design in research. Which design involves groups that are both correlated and independent?

A)Between groups design
B)Mixed design
C)Repeated measure design
D)Within subjects design

Question 28

In research, a single-subject design studies one or a few subjects closely, rather than studying groups. What is one of the most common problems associated with single subject design?

A)Autocorrelation
B)Non-manipulation
C)Carryover effects
D)Cohort effects

Question 29

In research, a single-subject design studies one or a few subjects closely, rather than studying groups. Multiple baseline designs resolve common problems associated with other single-subject designs; however they have their own limitations. Which of the following is a problem associated with multiple baseline designs?

A)Time investment
B)Ethical concerns
C)Threat of history
D)Failure of variable to return to baseline

Question 30

Research aims to draw conclusions about relationships among variables. There are a number of threats to validity-factors that interfere with making reliable and clear conclusions. Which of the following concerns is a threat to internal validity?

A)Instrumentation
B)Demand characteristics
C)Sample characteristics
D)Experimenter expectancies

Question 31

Research aims to draw conclusions about relationships among variables. There are a number of threats to validity-factors that interfere with making reliable and clear conclusions. Which of the following is a threat to external validity?

A)The Hawthorne effect
B)The Rosenthal effect
C)Diffusion
D)Contact with clients

Question 32

Which type of research studies the possibility of one variable being the reason another variable happens or changes?

A)Relational research
B)Descriptive research
C)Causal research
D)None of the above

Question 33

_______________________ research attempts to portray what presently exists in a group or population.

A)Relational
B)Causal
C)Rational
D)Descriptive

Question 34

___________________________ research is a study that examines the correlation between two or more variables.

A)Relational
B)Descriptive
C)Causal
D)Rational

Question 35

Applied research is a form of research that focuses on _____________________________.

A)Solving practical problems
B)Developing or investigating theoretical questions
C)Investigating theoretical issues
D)Finding connections between variables

Question 36

The _______________________________ is a term that refers to the tendency of some people to work harder and perform better when participating in an experiment.

A)Pygmalion effect
B)John Henry
C)Hawthorne effect
D)Placebo effect

Question 37

The____________________________ is a set of principles and procedures used by researchers to develop questions, collect data, and come to conclusions.

A)Operational method
B)Scientific method
C)Hypothesis
D)Systematic method

Question 38

___________________________ research is observational and known as descriptive research as opposed to causal or relational.

A)Validity
B)Longitudinal
C)Correlational
D)Cross-sectional

Question 39

What are some negative factors regarding longitudinal research?

A)It cannot establish that one variable causes change in another variable.
B)It does not allow for scientific control of variables.
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above

Question 40

What is a type of longitudinal research?

A)Panel study
B)Cohort study
C)Retrospective study
D)All of the above

Question 41

What is an advantage of naturalistic observation?

A)It may be the only option if a lab is not available
B)It is quick and affordable, and can be done quickly
C)Researchers can access data via free databases
D)Subjects may be aware of being observed and not act as they normally would

Question 42

The __________________________ is one of the most common tools used in psychological research.

A)Simple experiment
B)Survey method
C)Archival research method
D)Naturalistic observation method

Question 43

Operant conditioning is also known as ________________________________.

A)Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B)Self-actualization
C)Attachment theory
D)Instrumental conditioning

Question 44

For what theory is Harvard psychologist Howard Gardener responsible?

A)Theory of cognitive development
B)Psychogenic needs theory
C)Psychosocial theory
D)Multiple intelligences theory

Question 45

A ________________________________ is a subtle hint that lets clients know what the researcher expects to discover or how he or she expects the client to react.

A)Demand characteristic
B)Dependent variable
C)Descriptive statistic
D)Selective attrition

Question 46

Which of the following is one of David Kolb's four learning styles?

A)Extroverted style
B)Judging style
C)Converger style
D)All of the above

Question 47

The primary focus of the Middendorf Breath Experience is;

A)To discover the body's own natural response and sensation to the breath as it comes and goes.
B)To learn how to pass a breathalyzer test.
C)To learn how to control your breathing while exercising.
D)None of the above

Question 48

A ___________________________________ is one which neither the researcher nor the participant knows who is receiving a particular treatment.

A)Random assignment study
B)Case study
C)Single blind study
D)None of the above