Deck 3: Nutrition Care

Question 1

Most digestive enzymes in the small intestine are located in:

A)The ileocecal valve
B)The brush border
C)The duodenojejunal flexure
D)The pyloric sphincter

Answer 1

The brush border

Question 2

In what ways does Lantus insulin differs from other types of insulin:

A)It is usually injected just once a day.
B)It is often prescribed for newly diagnosed diabetics.
C)It does not cause hypoglycemia.
D)It is often used in conjunction with NPH insulin.

Answer 2

It is usually injected just once a day.

Question 3

Hyperemesis gravidarum may be treated with:

A)Small, frequent meals consisting of bland carbohydrates
B)Avoidance of caffeine and highly spiced foods
C)Immediate use of enteral nutrition
D)A & B

Answer 3

A & B

Question 4

Which of the following does not occur in diabetic ketoacidosis?

A)Loss of bicarbonate buffer in the blood
B)Incomplete catabolism of fatty acids
C)Elevated osmotic load accompanied by dehydration
D)Decreased blood levels of glucagon and epinephrine

Question 5

A goitrogenic food has which of the following effects?

A)May increase urinary excretion of glucosinolates
B)Suppresses thyroid activity and inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine
C)Increases blood levels of uric acid
D)May interfere with calcium absorption

Question 6

A pregnant woman had a pre-pregnancy BMI of 27. She is now in the second trimester and has gained 22 pounds. What recommendation should the registered dietitian provide to her concerning additional weight gain?

A)No additional weight gain
B)Weight gain of 5-8 pounds
C)Weight loss of 10 pounds
D)Weight gain of 5 pounds/month

Question 7

A typical parenteral formula used to treat a low birth weight infant weighing around 1500 grams contains:

A)30-45 kcal/kg and glucose load of 5 g/kg per day
B)65-70 kcal/kg and glucose load of 8g/kg per day
C)75-90 kcal/kg and glucose load of 10g/kg per day
D)100 kcal/kg and glucose load of 15 g/kg per day

Question 8

Insulin resistance is defined as:

A)The drop in insulin levels following exercise
B)The need for large amounts of insulin to control blood sugar levels
C)The lessened effectiveness of insulin seen with obesity
D)Both B and C

Question 9

Which of the following is not advised for preventing dental caries in children less than 12 months of age:

A)Use of prescription fluoride supplements
B)Avoidance of putting children to bed with bottles
C)Brushing teeth with fluoridated toothpaste
D)Restricting intake of sticky sugared foods

Question 10

Damage to the central nervous system in stroke patients may lead to which of the following disabilities affecting food intake?

A)Apraxia
B)Hemiparesis
C)Hemianopia
D)All of the above

Question 11

The lipoprotein that carries endogenous triglycerides from the liver to the cells is:

A)HDL
B)LDL
C)IDL
D)VLDL

Question 12

When assessing the nutritional status of elderly individuals it is important to use age-specific height and weight tables because:

A)The elderly have more body weight relative to height due to losses in stature.
B)Elderly individuals lose and gain weight more readily than the rest of the population.
C)Percentages of body water are higher among the elderly.
D)BMIs are lower among the elderly.

Question 13

The goal(s) of nutritional therapy in short bowel syndrome is/are:

A)Reduce gastrointestinal motility and relieve steatorrhea
B)Decrease HCL production by the stomach
C)Prevent bacterial overgrowth in the intestine
D)All of the above

Question 14

Pancreatitis may be caused by which of the following:

A)Destruction of pancreatic tissue by digestive enzymes
B)Chronic alcoholism
C)Hypertriglyceridemia
D)All of the above

Question 15

Megaloblastic anemia may be caused by:

A)A deficiency of folic acid
B)Lack of intrinsic factor
C)Gluten-induced enteropathy
D)All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following enzymes is missing in infants with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

A)Ornithine transcarboxylase
B)Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C)Glucose -6 phosphatase
D)Galactokinase

Question 17

Which lab test(s) are most useful for evaluating long term blood sugar control in diabetics:

A)2 hour post-prandial blood glucose
B)Random non-fasting blood glucose
C)HbA1c
D)All of the above

Question 18

Metabolic acidosis is caused by which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)

A)Excretion of base by the kidneys
B)Loss of carbonic acid via respiration
C)Retention of hydrogen ions by the kidneys
D)None of the above

Question 19

One bread/starch exchange from the diabetic exchange lists contains:

A)20 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 110 calories
B)15 grams of carbohydrate, 3 grams of protein, and 80 calories
C)12 grams of carbohydrate, 3 grams of protein, and 100 calories
D)10 grams of carbohydrate, 2 grams of protein, and 70 calories

Question 20

Insulin resistance is defined as which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)

A)The drop in insulin levels following exercise
B)The need for large amounts of insulin to control blood sugar levels
C)The lessened effectiveness of insulin seen with obesity
D)None of the above

Question 21

Maple-syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive disorder in infants caused by which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)

A)The inability to metabolize branched-chain amino acids
B)Plasma leucine levels exceeding 10 mg/dl
C)A defect in the gene that controls the activity of alpha-keto acid hydrogenase
D)None of the above

Question 22

Nitrogen balance is calculated using which of the following?

A)Protein intake, creatinine height index and blood urea nitrogen
B)Protein intake, net protein utilization, and protein biological value
C)Protein intake, urinary urea nitrogen, and miscellaneous nitrogen losses
D)Protein intake, serum albumin, muscle creatine

Question 23

The biguanide oral hypoglycemic agents regulate blood glucose levels by:

A)Reducing insulin resistance in tissue
B)Blocking carbohydrate metabolism
C)Promoting the release of insulin
D)Supporting the action of endogenous insulin

Question 24

Which of the following is not true of glycogen loading?

A)The first stage is depletion of glycogen stores with hard exercise.
B)A vigorous workout is done the day before competition.
C)It is not recommended for athletes competing in events of short duration.
D)It is accompanied by storage of water in body tissue.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a complication of end-stage renal disease?

A)Glucose intolerance including both hyper- and hypoglycemia
B)Hypertriglyceridemia
C)Hypokalemia
D)Gastroparesis

Question 26

A ketogenic diet is used to treat epilepsy because:

A)Dietary fat competes with amino acids needed for neurotransmitter synthesis.
B)High levels of blood ketones block the excitatory effect of neurotransmitters involved in epileptic seizure.
C)High blood ketones enhance the effects of anti-seizure medication.
D)Carbohydrate restriction normalizes the high blood sugar levels seen in epilepsy.

Question 27

A nutrient which may need to be supplemented in a breast-fed infant is:

A)Vitamin C
B)Iron
C)Zinc
D)Pyridoxine