Deck 11: Sexual Orientation

Question 1

What statement best describes the Church's stance on homosexuality through the first 1,000 years of Christianity?

A) Initially the Church was concerned with only male homosexuality.
B) Initially the Church was concerned with female homosexuality.
C) From the very beginning, the Church enforced strict sanctions against homosexuality.
D) For the first 1,000 years of Christianity, the Church was fairly indifferent towards homosexuality.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Sexual orientation refers to the gender that a person is attracted to:

A) Emotionally
B) Physically
C) Sexually
D) All of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

How has the frequency of same-sex behavior in the United States changed over the years?

A) It has increased over the years due to changes in the social status of homosexuality.
B) It has decreased over the years due to increased homophobia.
C) It has only increased among men but not among women.
D) It has remained constant over the years in spite of the changes in the social status of homosexuality.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

How did Kinsey conceptualize sexual orientation?

A) More dependent on emotions and fantasies than on behavior
B) Best understood as a continuum of behavior
C) As two separate dichotomous categories
D) Based on past and present behavior

Question 5

Evidence from studies of biological differences in sexual orientation is most likely to lead to what conclusion?

A) Biological factors are much stronger for lesbians than for gay men.
B) Biology allows us to predict close to 90% of people who will be homosexual.
C) Biology probably interacts with social influences in predicting homosexuality.
D) Biology plays no role in influencing sexual orientation.

Question 6

According to your textbook, what is a practice used in South Africa to punish lesbian women?

A) Corrective rape
B) Community isolation
C) Spiritual ceremonies
D) Genital mutilation

Question 7

When people's behavior and beliefs about their sexual orientation are in conflict, social scientists usually define them by their:

A) Emotional attachments
B) Sexual fantasies
C) Sexual behaviors
D) Sexual self-concept

Question 8

What is one criticism of the current theories that attempt to explain sexual orientation?

A) They ignore gender differences.
B) They ignore the interaction between biology, social, and cultural factors.
C) They ignore bisexuality.
D) They ignore physical differences between gay and straight people.

Question 9

All of the following statements about same-sex sexual relations and Asian countries are true EXCEPT:

A) It wasn't until 2001 that the Chinese Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its list of mental disorders.
B) Homosexuality is often seen as a result of Western influences, considered a "Western social disease."
C) Buddhist countries generally accept homosexuality although they may have different laws for homosexuals and heterosexuals.
D) In India, which is a patriarchal country, lesbians are generally more accepted than gay men.

Question 10

What greatly influenced the harsh attitude toward homosexuality in the early American colonies?

A) The strong influence of the Catholic Church
B) The Puritanical origins of the early settlers
C) Interaction with Native Americans who condoned homosexuality
D) Early venereal diseases spread in the colonies by homosexuals

Question 11

What percent of variance in sexual orientation does current evidence suggest that genes account for?

A) 5
B) 15
C) 50
D) 75

Question 12

How was homosexuality viewed in the 19ᵗʰ and early 20ᵗʰ century?

A) As a sin
B) As a mental illness
C) As a physical illness
D) As a normal expression of sexuality

Question 13

Which statement describes many Central and South American countries' views of same-sex sexual behavior?

A) Any sexual contact between men is considered homosexual.
B) A man is not considered a homosexual if he takes an active, penetrating role with male sexual partners.
C) Masculine and feminine roles are equally valued therefore homosexuality is not looked down upon.
D) A man is not considered a homosexual if he takes a passive role in anal intercourse with another man.

Question 14

How did many scientists during the 1930s and 1940s try to explain homosexuality?

A) By exploring physical differences between male and female gay and straight people
B) By exploring gay men's and women's motivations to identify as homosexual
C) By exploring brain differences between gay and straight men and women
D) By exploring the family backgrounds of gay men and women

Question 15

Physiological research related to sexual orientation has focused on:

A) Body shape
B) Voice tone
C) Amount of body hair
D) Finger-length patterns

Question 16

All of the following are true of psychoanalytic theory and sexual orientation EXCEPT:

A) Freud believed people were inherently bisexual at birth.
B) Freud saw male heterosexuality as the result of normal maturation and homosexuality as a result of unresolved issues with one's other sex parent.
C) Evelyn Hooker was an influential researcher who tried to combat the psychoanalytic view of homosexuality by proving that homosexuals were as well adjusted as heterosexuals.
D) Males who were abandoned by their mother were more likely to be homosexual.

Question 17

In addition to incorporating seven dimensions of sexual orientation into his model of sexual orientation, what else does Klein include as an important factor?

A) The concept of time - past, present, future
B) The difference between a person's moral beliefs and their actual behaviors
C) The number of same-sex partners someone has before being considered homosexual
D) If a person's first sexual experience was with someone of the same-sex or someone of the opposite sex

Question 18

What statement is TRUE related to the rates of homosexuality among males and females?

A) There are more lesbians than gay men.
B) There are about equal numbers of gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals.
C) There are more gay men than lesbians.
D) There are more bisexuals than gay men and lesbians combined.

Question 19

Which theory would contend that homosexuality is the result of various reinforcements and punishments?

A) Sociological
B) Systems
C) Behavioral
D) Interactional

Question 20

What has been found related to birth order and sexual orientation?

A) Gay men have more older brothers than heterosexual men.
B) Gay men have more older sisters than heterosexual men.
C) Gay men are typically the oldest child.
D) Gay men are more likely to be only children.

Question 21

Your campus is required to report all hate crimes thanks to the:

A) Harvey Milk Foundation
B) Matthew Shepard Bill
C) Hate Crimes Right to Know Act
D) Advocates for Gay and Lesbian Rights Association

Question 22

Statistically speaking, which of the following individuals would be more likely to experience thoughts of suicide as well as higher levels of binge drinking?

A) Samantha, a 20-year old heterosexual female
B) Sheila, a 20-year old lesbian female
C) Daniel, a 20-year-old gay male
D) Derrick, a 20-year old bisexual male

Question 23

Which of the following describes hate crimes?

A) Hate crimes include crimes motivated by hatred of religion, sex, race, and sexual orientation.
B) According to the APA, hate crimes against homosexuals are the most socially acceptable crimes.
C) Hate crimes are known as "message crimes."
D) All of these are true.

Question 24

What is the term used to describe the assumption that everyone has opposite-sex attraction and will eventually form a long term relationship with a member of the opposite-sex?

A) Homophobia
B) Heterosexism
C) Heterophobia
D) Homosexism

Question 25

What is a problem often faced by gay and lesbian parents?

A) A nonbiological parent may not be able to get benefits for his or her child through work
B) Couples may have trouble gaining joint custody of a child.
C) A nonbiological parent may not be granted parental leave.
D) All of these

Question 26

What is the term for the idea that all standards of correct behavior are determined by one's own cultural background?

A) Ethnocentrism
B) Self-centrism
C) Heterocentrism
D) Culturalism

Question 27

What is the acronym for the organization that provides specific support to relatives with family members who are homosexual?

A) LBGAT
B) FFLGB
C) PFLAG
D) FMLAG

Question 28

According to your text, homophobia is:

A) An anxiety about being in the presence of homosexuals
B) Hatred and violence towards homosexuals
C) A fear of homosexuals and homosexuality
D) Strongly negative attitudes toward homosexuals and homosexuality

Question 29

What is the Harvey Milk School?

A) A seminar series specifically developed to help parents of gay youth understand homosexuality
B) A school that offers conversion therapy to gay and lesbian youth
C) The first public school for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning youth
D) A graduate institution founded to encourage gay and lesbian students to enter politics

Question 30

Which statement below is TRUE regarding lesbian, gay and bisexual seniors?

A) Most seniors report higher levels of happiness when they have not disclosed their homosexuality to others.
B) Seniors tend to be more comfortable with their identity and experience low levels of internalized homophobia.
C) Nursing home staff has been found to be intolerant or condemning toward homosexual and bisexual residents.
D) Gay and lesbian seniors are more likely to become involved in another long term relationship if their partner dies than their heterosexual peers.

Question 31

Who would be more likely to hold a NEGATIVE view of homosexuals?

A) Sara, a 25-year old college graduate who's had five heterosexual sexual partners and is a Christian
B) Jarrod, a 25-year-old college graduate who's had only one heterosexual partner and is an Atheist
C) Doug, a 40-year-old college graduate who is not married, is Catholic, and holds very traditional attitudes about gender roles
D) Joyce, a 40-year-old doctoral student who is divorced and does not subscribe to any specific religious affiliation

Question 32

What state struck down its laws against same-sex adoption in 2010?

A) Iowa
B) Connecticut
C) Florida
D) Utah

Question 33

According to the six-stage model of gay and lesbian identity formation, what is the last stage in which the individual becomes fully comfortable with his or her sexual orientation and considers all aspects of his or her personality?

A) Identity tolerance
B) Identity acceptance
C) Identity pride
D) Identity synthesis

Question 34

What is the role of Gay-Straight Alliances (GSAs) in middle schools and high schools across the country?

A) To make homosexuality more appealing to young people
B) To teach young homosexuals how to practice safer sex
C) To encourage acceptance of LGBT students
D) All of these

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of heterosexism?

A) Refusing to hire someone who is gay
B) Asking a little girl if she is going to marry a prince when she grows up
C) Writing on invitations: "feel free to bring a friend"
D) Beating up a young man because he is homosexual

Question 36

Which of the following is TRUE about children raised by same-sex parents?

A) When compared to those of opposite-sex parents, children of same-sex parents have higher levels of psychological problems.
B) Children raised by same-sex couples are more likely to engage in sexual experimentation.
C) Children raised by same-sex couples are less likely to succeed academically compared to their peers raised by opposite-sex parents.
D) Children of same-sex parents have been found to be equally well socially, emotionally and cognitively compared to children of heterosexual parents.

Question 37

Low family acceptance during the coming out process is related to increased risk of:

A) Suicide
B) Use of illegal drugs
C) Unprotected sexual activity
D) All of these

Question 38

When someone wants to "come out", who are they most likely to disclose their sexual orientation to first?

A) Their mom
B) Their dad
C) A sibling
D) A friend

Question 39

In the Sambian culture, males practice sequential homosexuality primarily through what sexual activity?

A) Extramarital affairs
B) Through oral sex
C) Father-son sexual contact
D) Through anal intercourse

Question 40

What is the largest and best-known magazine dedicated to gay and lesbian issues?

A) The Source
B) Pride
C) The Advocate
D) Coming Out

Question 41

What can be concluded about reparative therapy?

A) Research has found that in time, it is possible to change sexual orientation in about 80% of patients.
B) Reparative therapy may do more harm than good.
C) It is recommended by the American Psychological Association.
D) Although sexual orientation may not change, many patients report being happier as a result of the therapy.

Question 42

People who experiment with same-sex sexual contact in the early teenage years are most likely to go on to identify as homosexual.

Question 43

What is contemporaneous bisexuality?

A) Having sexual partners of both sexes during the same time period
B) Having sexual fantasies and desires for both sexes but only engaging in heterosexual sexual behaviors
C) Having sex exclusively with one gender followed by sex exclusively with the other
D) Engaging in sexual behaviors with all genders but identifying as heterosexual

Question 44

Similar to many Latin American countries, many Middle Eastern countries do not view the active, penetrating male sexual partner as homosexual.

Question 45

What is the term for the practice of engaging in same-sex sexual behaviors while excluded from heterosexual encounters (such as in prison) with the plan to return to heterosexual relationships?

A) Situational homosexuality
B) Confinement homosexuality
C) Opportunist homosexuality
D) Isolated homosexuality

Question 46

As of 2011, Facebook relationship status options included "in a civil union" and "in a domestic partnership."

Question 47

What has been considered a victory for gay rights advocates during the Obama administration?

A) Repeal of the Don't Ask Don't Tell policy
B) Reinstatement of the Defense of Marriage Act
C) Repeal of all 50 states' sodomy laws
D) Federal protection of worker benefits for gay and lesbian couples

Question 48

Which president did not support the Defense of Marriage Act?

A) George W. Bush
B) Bill Clinton
C) Barak Obama
D) None of these, the Defense of Marriage Act has always had presidential support.

Question 49

Sexual experimentation is highly correlated with sexual orientation.

Question 50

New research in the area of prenatal and adult hormone levels is providing strong evidence for biological theories of sexual orientation.

Question 51

Today's teens are coming out at earlier ages than during other times in history.

Question 52

If you wanted to find a religious denomination that is the most accepting of homosexuality, you would most likely become a member of which congregation?

A) Methodist
B) Pentecostal
C) United Church of Christ
D) None of these; there are no Christian based denomination accepting of homosexuality.

Question 53

Lesbian relationships have been found to have which of the following characteristics in comparison to heterosexual relationships?

A) More egalitarian relationships
B) Less empathy for each other
C) Higher levels of conflict
D) Less overall relationship satisfaction

Question 54

All of the following are true of bisexual sexual orientation and identity EXCEPT:

A) People who identify as bisexual tend to self-label later in life than gay or lesbian individuals.
B) Bisexuals are more accepted than lesbians in both the heterosexual and homosexual communities.
C) Bisexuality is a relatively new "categorization" of sexual identity.
D) Compared to gays and lesbians, bisexuals have been found to have decreased social well-being.

Question 55

Who would likely be most at-risk for physical and emotional health issues?

A) Nicole, a White bisexual female
B) Neesha, a Black lesbian female
C) Nick, a White gay man
D) Dean, a Black heterosexual man

Question 56

Reports of same-sex behavior among males have been increasing at a higher rate than reports of same-sex behavior among females.

Question 57

In India, there is more acceptance for lesbians than for gay men.

Question 58

What is sequential bisexuality?

A) Having sexual partners of both sexes during the same period
B) Having sex exclusively with one gender followed by sex exclusively with the other
C) Identifies those who were in long-term heterosexual relationships before coming out as homosexual
D) Individuals (primarily men) who are married and have homosexual sexual relationships on the side

Question 59

According to Storm's developmental theory, there are more gay men than lesbians because the male sex drive emerges earlier than females.

Question 60

The conceptualization of homosexuality is consistent across cultures.

Question 61

The Defense of Marriage Act provides support for equality in marriage rights for all regardless of sexual orientation.

Question 62

Discuss some of the factors discussed in your text that commonly contribute to a person becoming homophobic.

Question 63

Explain how the legal landscape has been changing for gay rights in the U.S. and give two examples.

Question 64

Describe and discuss two of the following theories of homosexuality. Biological; Developmental; Behavioral; Sociological; Interactional

Question 65

Discuss how the medical model's view of homosexuality during the 19ᵗʰ and early 20ᵗʰ century influenced modern ideas of sexual orientation.

Question 66

Explain how laws, the media and education have all helped reduce homophobia and hate crimes. Be sure to use examples.

Question 67

Explain how our views on homosexuality have changed from ancient times through the Middle Ages to current times. Be sure to include specific examples from each era to support your answer.

Question 68

Heterosexism is typically a very active form of discrimination.

Question 69

Identify three different and common assumptions (perhaps myths) about gay and lesbian parents, and then describe what research studies show about these assumptions.

Question 70

Rates of victimization from hate crimes are higher for boys than girls.

Question 71

Identify the 6 stages of gay and lesbian identify development. Briefly describe what happens at each stage.

Question 72

Lesbian women in the workforce earn more than their heterosexual female peers.

Question 73

Outline both the Kinsey model of sexual orientation and the Klein model of sexual orientation. What is similar? What is different?

Question 74

Research shows that women's sexual identity is more fluid than men's.

Question 75

Discuss what some key points related to the issue of homosexuality across cultures. Be sure to illustrate your answer with examples from different cultures.