Deck 23: Newborn Feeding

Question 1

How many kilocalories per kilogram (kcal/kg)of body weight does a breastfed term infant require each day?

A) 50 to 75
B) 85 to 100
C) 100 to 110
D) 150 to 200

Answer 1

85 to 100

Question 2

To prevent breast engorgement,the new breastfeeding mother should be instructed to

A) Apply cold packs to the breast before feeding.
B) Breastfeed frequently and for adequate lengths of time.
C) Limit her intake of fluids for the first few days.
D) Feed her infant no more than every 4 hours.

Answer 2

Breastfeed frequently and for adequate lengths of time.

Question 3

A postpartum woman telephones about her 4-day-old infant.She is not scheduled for a weight check until the infant is 10 days old,and she is worried about whether breastfeeding is going well.Effective breastfeeding is indicated by the newborn who

A) Sleeps for 6 hours at a time between feedings
B) Has at least one breast milk stool every 24 hours
C) Gains 1 to 2 ounces per week
D) Has at least six to eight wet diapers per day

Answer 3

Has at least six to eight wet diapers per day

Question 4

What is the first step in assisting the breastfeeding mother?

A) Provide instruction on the composition of breast milk.
B) Discuss the hormonal changes that trigger the milk ejection reflex.
C) Assess the woman's knowledge of breastfeeding.
D) Help her obtain a comfortable position and place the infant to the breast.

Question 5

The hormone necessary for milk production is

A) Estrogen
B) Prolactin
C) Progesterone
D) Lactogen

Question 6

A breastfeeding mother who was discharged yesterday calls to ask about a tender,hard area on her right breast.The nurse's first response should be

A) "Try massaging the area and apply heat, as this is probably a plugged duct."
B) "Stop breastfeeding because you probably have an infection."
C) "Notify your doctor so he can start you on antibiotics."
D) "This is a normal response in breastfeeding mothers."

Question 7

How can the nurse help the mother who is breastfeeding and has engorged breasts?

A) Suggest that she switch to bottled formula just for today.
B) Assist her into removing her bra, making her more comfortable.
C) Apply heat to her breasts between feeding and cold to the breasts just before feedings.
D) Instruct and assist the mother to massage her breasts.

Question 8

How many ounces will a formula fed infant who is on a 4-hour feeding schedule need to consume at each feeding to meet daily caloric needs?

A) 0.5 to 1
B) 1 to 2
C) 2 to 3
D) 4

Question 9

As the nurse assists a new mother with breastfeeding,she asks,"If formula is prepared to meet the nutritional needs of the newborn,what is in breast milk that makes it better?" The nurse's best response is that it contains

A) More calories
B) Essential amino acids
C) Important immunoglobulins
D) More calcium

Question 10

In order to prevent nipple trauma,the nurse should teach the new mother to

A) Limit the feeding time to less than 5 minutes.
B) Position the infant so the nipple is far back in the mouth.
C) Assess the nipples before each feeding.
D) Wash the nipples daily with mild soap and water.

Question 11

Which type of formula is not diluted before being administered to an infant?

A) Powdered
B) Concentrated
C) Ready-to-use
D) Modified cow's milk

Question 12

When responding to the question "Will I produce enough milk for my baby as she grows and needs more milk at each feeding?" the nurse should explain that

A) The breast milk will gradually become richer to supply additional calories.
B) As the infant requires more milk, feedings can be supplemented with cow's milk.
C) Early addition of baby food will meet the infant's needs.
D) The mother's milk supply will increase as the infant demands more at each feeding.

Question 13

A pregnant woman wants to breastfeed her infant; however,her husband is not convinced that there are any scientific reasons to do so.The nurse can give the couple printed information comparing breastfeeding and bottle-feeding.Which statement is true? Bottle-feeding using commercially prepared infant formulas

A) Increases the risk that the infant will develop allergies
B) Helps the infant sleep through the night
C) Ensures that the infant is getting iron in a form that is easily absorbed
D) Requires that multivitamin supplements be given to the infant

Question 14

A primiparous woman is delighted with her newborn son and wants to begin breastfeeding as soon as possible.The nurse can facilitate the infant's correct latch-on by helping the woman hold the infant

A) With his arms folded together over his chest
B) Curled up in a fetal position
C) With his head cupped in her hand
D) With his head and body in alignment

Question 15

A new mother is concerned because her 1-day-old newborn is taking only 1 ounce at each feeding.The nurse should explain that the

A) Infant does not require as much formula in the first few days of life.
B) Infant's stomach capacity is small at birth but will expand within a few days.
C) Infant tires easily during the first few days but will gradually take more formula.
D) Infant is probably having difficulty adjusting to the formula.

Question 16

The difference between the aseptic and terminal methods of sterilization is that the

A) Aseptic method does not require boiling of the bottles.
B) Terminal method requires boiling water to be added to the formula.
C) Aseptic method requires a longer preparation time.
D) Terminal method sterilizes the prepared formula at the same time it sterilizes the equipment.

Question 17

The breastfeeding mother should be taught a safe method to remove the breast from the baby's mouth.Which suggestion by the nurse is most appropriate?

A) Slowly remove the breast from the baby's mouth when the infant has fallen asleep and the jaws are relaxed.
B) Break the suction by inserting your finger into the corner of the infant's mouth.
C) A popping sound occurs when the breast is correctly removed from the infant's mouth.
D) Elicit the Moro reflex to wake the baby and remove the breast when the baby cries.

Question 18

To initiate the milk ejection reflex,the mother should

A) Wear a firm-fitting bra.
B) Drink plenty of fluids.
C) Place the infant to the breast
D) Apply cool packs to her breast.

Question 19

An important aspect about storage of breast milk is that it

A) Can be frozen for up to 2 months
B) Should be stored only in glass bottles
C) Can be thawed and refrozen
D) Can be kept refrigerated for 48 hours

Question 20

A new mother recalls from prenatal class that she should try to feed her newborn daughter when she exhibits feeding readiness cues rather than waiting until her infant is crying frantically.Based on this information,this woman should feed her infant about every 2.5 to 3 hours when she

A) Waves her arms in the air
B) Makes sucking motions
C) Has hiccups
D) Stretches out her legs straight

Question 21

The nurse should explain to new parents that the most serious consequence of propping an infant's bottle is

A) Dental caries
B) Aspiration
C) Ear infections
D) Colic

Question 22

Late in pregnancy,the woman's breasts should be assessed by the nurse to identify any potential concerns related to breastfeeding.Some nipple conditions make it necessary to provide intervention before birth.These include (select all that apply)

A) Everted nipples
B) Flat nipples
C) Inverted nipples
D) Nipples that contract when compressed
E) Cracked nipples

Question 23

Examples of appropriate techniques to wake a sleepy infant for breastfeeding include (select all that apply)

A) Unwrap the infant.
B) Change the diaper.
C) Talk to the infant.
D) Slap the infant's hands and feet.
E) Apply a cold towel to the infant's abdomen.

Question 24

A new mother wants to be sure that she is meeting her daughter's needs while feeding her commercially prepared infant formula.The nurse should evaluate the mother's knowledge about appropriate infant care.The mother meets her child's needs when she

A) Adds rice cereal to her formula at 2 weeks of age to ensure adequate nutrition
B) Warms the bottles using a microwave oven
C) Burps her infant during and after the feeding as needed
D) Refrigerates any leftover formula for the next feeding

Question 25

A new mother asks if she should feed her newborn colostrum,because it is not "real milk." The nurse's best answer is that

A) Colostrum is high in antibodies, protein, vitamins, and minerals.
B) Colostrum is lower in calories than milk and should be supplemented by formula.
C) Giving colostrum is important in helping the mother learn how to breastfeed before she goes home.
D) Colostrum is unnecessary for newborns.

Question 26

At some hospitals in the United States,new mothers are given formula gift packs at discharge.Having been given the gift pack by hospital staff leads parents to believe that formula will be necessary even for breastfeeding mothers.Is this statement true or false?

Question 27

What information about iron supplementation should the nurse teach a new mother?

A) Start iron supplementation shortly after birth if the infant is breastfeeding exclusively.
B) Iron-fortified formula will meet the infant's iron requirements.
C) Iron supplements must be given when the infant begins teething.
D) Infants need a multivitamin with iron every day.

Question 28

Milk that gradually changes from colostrum to mature milk,appears over about 10 days after delivery.This is known as _____________ milk.

Question 29

The best reason for recommending formula over breastfeeding is that

A) The mother has a medical condition or is taking drugs that could be passed along to the infant via breast milk.
B) The mother lacks confidence in her ability to breastfeed.
C) Other family members or care providers also need to feed the baby.
D) The mother sees bottle-feeding as more convenient.

Question 30

According to the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)on infant nutrition

A) Infants should be given only human milk for the first 6 months of life.
B) Infants fed on formula should be started on solid food sooner than breastfed infants.
C) If infants are weaned from breast milk before 12 months, they should receive cow's milk, not formula.
D) After 6 months, mothers should shift from breast milk to cow's milk.

Question 31

Many types of breast pumps are available,varying in price and effectiveness.Before either renting or purchasing a pump,the new mother would benefit from counseling by a nurse or lactation consultant to determine the most appropriate pump to suit her needs.The mother who is pumping for an occasional bottle would be most suited for which type of pump?

A) Manual or hand pump
B) Hospital grade pump
C) Electric self-cycling double pumps
D) Smaller electric or battery operated pump

Question 32

The nurse providing couplet care should understand that nipple confusion results when

A) Breastfeeding babies receive supplementary bottle feedings.
B) The baby is weaned too abruptly.
C) Pacifiers are used before breastfeeding is established.
D) Twins are breastfed together.

Question 33

A nurse is discussing the signs and symptoms of mastitis with a mother who is breastfeeding.What signs and symptoms should the nurse include in her discussion? Select all that apply.

A) Breast tenderness
B) Warmth in the breast
C) An area of redness on the breast often resembling the shape of a pie wedge
D) A small white blister on the tip of the nipple
E) Fever and flulike symptoms

Question 34

The cultural group in the United States that is most likely to breastfeed are non-Hispanic black women.Is this statement true or false?

Question 35

A newborn weight loss of _____% in a breastfeeding infant during the first 3 days of life should be investigated.Most often,the excessive weight loss is associated with poor breastfeeding techniques.

Question 36

All parents are entitled to a birthing environment in which breastfeeding is promoted and supported.The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative endorsed by WHO and Unicef was founded to encourage institutions to offer optimal levels of care for lactating mothers.Which is not one of the "Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding for Hospitals"?

A) Give newborns no food or drink other than breast milk.
B) Have a written breastfeeding policy that is communicated to all staff.
C) Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within one half hour of birth.
D) Give artificial teats or pacifiers as necessary.

Question 37

Parents have been asked by the neonatologist to provide breast milk for their newborn son,who was born prematurely at 32 weeks of gestation.The nurse who instructs them about pumping,storing,and transporting the milk needs to assess their knowledge of lactation.What statement is valid?

A) A premature infant more easily digests breast milk than formula.
B) A glass of wine just before pumping will help reduce stress and anxiety.
C) The mother should only pump as much as the infant can drink.
D) The mother should pump every 2 to 3 hours, including during the night.