Deck 14: Pathological Stages of Cancer, Treatment Options, and Risk Factors

Question 1

Which of the following pathological stages of breast cancer is associated with a patient who has a 5.0-cm primary tumor and 12/15 positive, non-fixed lymph nodes?

A)pT3N2
B)pT3N3
C)pT2N1
D)pT2N3

Answer 1

pT2N3

Question 2

What stage of non-small cell lung cancer is most appropriate for a patient who has a 3-cm mass in the right upper lobe, mediastinal adenopathy, and a 2-cm nodule in the right lower lobe of the lung?

A)Stage IIB
B)Stage IIIA
C)Stage IIIB
D)Stage IV

Answer 2

Stage IV

Question 3

What is the most common group classification of rhabdomyosarcoma at initial diagnosis?

A)Group I
B)Group II
C)Group III
D)Group IV

Answer 3

Group III

Question 4

Where is vulvar carcinoma most commonly located?

A)Clitoris
B)Mons pubis
C)Vaginal vestibule
D)Labia

Question 5

What is the best treatment for malignant mesothelioma?

A)Extrapleural pneumonectomy, followed by chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation therapy to a dose of 50 Gy to 60 Gy
B)Pleurodesis, followed by systemic chemotherapy with subsequent external-beam radiation therapy to a dose of 60 Gy in 20 fractions
C)IMRT to a localized positive margin to a radiation dose of 70 Gy
D)IMRT to the entire lung to a radiation dose of 45 Gy

Question 6

Which of the following factors is most strongly linked to an increased risk for the development of multiple myeloma?

A)Alcohol use
B)Tobacco use
C)Mustard gas exposure
D)Ionizing radiation exposure

Question 7

Which of the following results is associated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy versus radiation therapy alone for patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer, based on the RTOG 91-11 study?

A)Same rate of distant metastases
B)Improved swallowing function
C)Improved overall survival
D)Improved local control

Question 8

Which of the following side effects is NOT associated with long-term hormonal therapy combined with radiation therapy for prostate cancer?

A)Decreased sexual libido and hot flashes
B)Osteoporosis and muscle weakness
C)Increased late GU toxicity
D)Increased late GI toxicity

Question 9

What is the second most common histology associated with vulvar cancers?

A)Adenocarcinoma
B)Adenosquamous carcinoma
C)Squamous cell carcinoma
D)Melanoma

Question 10

What is the most common genetic abnormality associated with low-grade gliomas?

A)1p
B)10q
C)17p
D)19q

Question 11

Which of the following processes is associated with the loss of heterozygosity?

A)Activation of oncogenes
B)Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes
C)Hypermethylation of histone proteins
D)Initiation of apoptosis

Question 12

Which of the following statements about asbestos exposure and mesothelioma is true?

A)The carcinogenic effects appear to result from its physical properties rather than its chemical structure.
B)Mesothelioma cell lines appear to be less sensitive than non-small cell lung cancer cell lines to radiation.
C)Screening of asbestos workers for mesothelioma is an effective way to improve the cure rate of this disease.
D)It is rare for mesothelioma to be misdiagnosed.

Question 13

Which of the following anatomical sites is most commonly associated with extraosseous, soft tissue plasmacytomas?

A)Back
B)Pelvis
C)Lower extremity
D)Head and neck

Question 14

Which of the following cell markers is most commonly associated with classic Hodgkin lymphoma?

A)CD15+, CD30+
B)CD15+, CD30-
C)CD15-, CD30+
D)CD15-, CD30-

Question 15

Which of the following statements about brain metastases secondary to breast cancer is not true?

A)Breast cancer is the most common cause of brain metastases in women.
B)HER-2/neu gene overexpression is associated with an increased risk of brain metastases.
C)Increased tumor size and number of positive lymph nodes are associated with an increased risk of brain metastases.
D)Brain metastases are most likely to involve a solitary site.

Question 16

What percent of patients diagnosed with testicular seminoma have elevated ?- fetoprotein serum levels?

A)00%
B)10%
C)20%
D)30%

Question 17

Which of the following types of gynecologic cancer has a similar pattern of tumor spread as that associated with fallopian tube cancer?

A)Vulvar
B)Ovarian
C)Endometrial
D)Cervical

Question 18

Regarding breast cancer, all of the following are correct EXCEPT:

A)The incidence increases steadily with age.
B)Approximately 75% of all cases are diagnosed in postmenopausal women.
C)The lifetime risk is 1 of 8 for women living into their 80s.
D)The disease is uncommon in women younger than 40 years of age.
E)It is the most common cancer during pregnancy

Question 19

Which of the following statements about malignant mesothelioma is true?

A)The median patient survival time is 24 months.
B)Most patients have bilateral disease at presentation.
C)Diagnosis is most commonly established via cytology of pleural effusions.
D)It commonly spreads along the biopsy tract.

Question 20

Clinical radiation sensitivity is consistently associated with the absence of:

A)p53.
B)HER-2/neu.
C)gamma-H2AX.
D)ATM.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about osteosarcoma is true?

A)It rarely occurs in African Americans.
B)The amount of tumor necrosis at resection is an important prognostic factor.
C)The addition of ifosfamide and etoposide to standard VACA-based chemotherapy improves survival for patients with nonmetastatic disease.
D)Radiation therapy is the preferred treatment for local control.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about leptomeningeal metastases secondary to breast cancer is true?

A)A headache is the most common symptom in patients at presentation.
B)A contrast-enhanced CT scan is best for establishing the diagnosis.
C)Radiation therapy should be administered to the entire CNS axis.
D)The median survival rate is 4 months, but longer survival times are associated with breast cancer.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about TNM staging for lung cancer is FALSE?

A)Stage N1 involves lymph node stations 10-14.
B)Stage N2 involves the ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes.
C)Stage N3 involves the contralateral hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes.
D)Stage M1 involves the contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is true?

A)Primary tumors more commonly arise from the supraglottic laryngeal structures than from the glottic region.
B)At the time of diagnosis, 50% of tumors have extended beyond the laryngeal structures.
C)Supraglottic tumors are more likely to present with palpable lymphadenopathy than glottic lesions.
D)Subglottic tumors tend to present with early lesions that are easily managed with primary surgical resection.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about breast cancer in men is true?

A)The tumor is most commonly ER-positive.
B)The disease should be treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
C)The majority of patients who undergo genetic screening will be found to have a BRCA1 germline mutation.
D)Approximately 25% of patients will have noninvasive disease at diagnosis.