Deck 41: The Child With an Infectious Disease

Question 1

A nurse is conducting a health education class for a group of school-age children.Which statement made by the nurse is correct about the body's first line of defense against infection in the innate immune system?

A) Nutritional status
B) Skin integrity
C) Immunization status
D) Proper hygiene practices

Answer 1

Skin integrity

Question 2

It is late winter when a 7-year-old child reports to the school nurse with fever,headache,myalgia,and glandular swelling.After assessment the nurse's preliminary diagnosis includes the viral infection most commonly known as ________.

Answer 2

mumps
The classic indication of mumps is parotid glandular swelling,although a number of children will have no such swelling.This is often accompanied by fever.The parents should be notified and provided with educational information regarding care of the child with the mumps.

Question 3

A child taking oral corticosteroids for asthma is exposed to varicella.The child has not had the varicella vaccine and has never had the disease.What intervention should be taken to prevent varicella from developing?

A) No intervention is needed unless varicella develops.
B) Administer the varicella vaccine as soon as possible.
C) The child should begin a course of oral antibiotics.
D) The child should be prescribed acyclovir.

Answer 3

The child should be prescribed acyclovir.

Question 4

Which statement made by an adolescent girl indicates an understanding about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

A) "I know the only way to prevent STDs is to not be sexually active."
B) "I practice safe sex because I wash myself right after sex."
C) "I won't get any kind of STD because I take the pill."
D) "I only have sex if my boyfriend wears a condom."

Question 5

Which statement made by a parent indicates incorrect information about intervention for a child's fever?

A) "I should keep her covered lightly when she has a fever."
B) "I'll give her plenty of liquids to keep her hydrated."
C) "I can give her acetaminophen for a fever."
D) "I'll look for over-the-counter preparations that contain aspirin."

Question 6

How should the nurse respond to a parent who asks,"How can I protect my baby from whooping cough?"

A) "Don't worry; your baby will have maternal immunity to pertussis that will last until they are approximately 18 months old."
B) "Make sure your child gets the pertussis vaccine."
C) "See the doctor when the baby gets a respiratory infection."
D) "Have your pediatrician prescribe erythromycin."

Question 7

What discharge information should the nurse give to the parents of a male adolescent who has been diagnosed with the Epstein-Barr virus?

A) It is particularly important to protect the adolescent's head during physical activities.
B) The teen will feel like himself and be back to his usual routines in a week.
C) The treatment of the Epstein-Barr virus is prolonged bed rest, usually lasting several months.
D) Fatigue may persist, and the adolescent may need to increase school activities gradually.

Question 8

The mother of an infant with multiple anomalies tells the nurse that she had a viral infection in the beginning of her pregnancy.Which viral infection is associated with fetal anomalies?

A) Measles
B) Roseola
C) Rubella
D) Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Question 9

Which action is initiated when a child has been scratched by a rabid animal?

A) No intervention unless the child becomes symptomatic
B) Administration of immune globulin around the wound
C) Administration of rabies vaccine on days 3, 7, 14, and 28
D) Administration of both immune globulin and vaccine as soon as possible after exposure

Question 10

What should the nurse expect to observe in the prodromal phase of rubeola?

A) Macular rash on the face
B) Koplik spots
C) Petechiae on the soft palate
D) Crops of vesicles on the trunk

Question 11

A hospitalized child has developed a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)infection.The nurse plans which interventions when caring for this child? Select all that apply.

A) Airborne isolation
B) Administration of vancomycin (Vancocin)
C) Contact isolation
D) Administration of mupirocin (Bactroban) ointment to the nares
E) Administration of cefotaxime (Cefotetan)

Question 12

Which intervention is appropriate for a hospitalized child who has crops of lesions on the trunk that appear as a macular rash and vesicles?

A) Place the child in strict isolation; airborne and contact precautions.
B) Continue to practice Standard Precautions.
C) Pregnant women should avoid contact with the child.
D) Screen visitors for immunity to measles.

Question 13

What is the best response to a parent of a 2-month-old infant who asks when the infant should first receive the measles vaccine?

A) "Your baby can get the measles vaccine now."
B) "The first dose is given any time after the first birthday."
C) "She should be vaccinated between 4 and 6 years of age."
D) "This vaccine is administered when the child is 11 years old."

Question 14

A preschooler is diagnosed with helminthes.The child's mother is very upset and wants to know how her child could have contracted this illness.After obtaining a detailed history,the nurse identifies all possible transmission modes.Select all modes that apply.

A) Playing in the backyard sandbox
B) Not washing hands before eating
C) Placing hands in the mouth and nail biting
D) Skin-to-skin contact with other children
E) Scratches from a neighborhood cat

Question 15

Which STD should the nurse suspect when an adolescent girl comes to the clinic because she has a vaginal discharge that is white with a fishy smell?

A) Human papillomavirus
B) Bacterial vaginosis
C) Trichomonas
D) Chlamydia

Question 16

Which statement indicates that a father understands the treatment for his child who has scarlet fever?

A) "I can stop the medicine when my child feels better."
B) "I will apply antibiotic cream to her rash twice a day."
C) "I will give the penicillin for the full 10 days."
D) "My child can go back to school when she has been on the antibiotic for a week."

Question 17

The nurse should provide which information to parents about the prevention of parasitic infections? Select all that apply.

A) Perform good handwashing.
B) Diaper a child when swimming.
C) Avoid cleaning the bathroom facilities with bleach.
D) Shoes should be worn outside.
E) Fruits and vegetables should be washed before eating.

Question 18

What should be included in the care for a neonate who was diagnosed with pertussis?

A) Monitoring hemoglobin level
B) Hearing test before discharge
C) Serial platelet counts
D) Treatment of all close contacts with a prophylactic antibiotic

Question 19

A parent asks the nurse how she will know whether her child has fifth disease.The nurse should advise the parent to be alert for which manifestation?

A) Bull's-eye rash at the site of a tick bite
B) Lesions in various stages of development on the trunk
C) Maculopapular rash on the trunk that lasts for 2 days
D) Bright red rash on the cheeks that looks like slapped cheeks

Question 20

What should be included in health teaching to prevent Lyme disease?

A) Complete the immunization series in early infancy.
B) Wear long sleeves and pants tucked into socks while in wooded areas.
C) Give low-dose antibiotics to the child before exposure.
D) Restrict activities that might lead to exposure for the child.

Question 21

Clostridium difficile (C-difficile)is a gram-positive anaerobic bacteria known to cause diarrhea,abdominal cramps,and fever.The CDC has reported that children are at minimal risks as this infection affects primarily the elderly or patients who are immunocompromised.Is this statement true or false?

Question 22

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV)infection is a common cause of congenital infection and is the leading cause of hearing loss and intellectual disability in the United States.The neonate may be infected during the prenatal,perinatal,or postnatal period.Only infections acquired in utero cause permanent infection.Is this statement true or false?