Question 1

The normal anion gap is&#10;A)<7&#10;B)<12&#10;C)<18&#10;D)<22&#10;E)<30

Accepted Answer

<18&#10;

Question 2

Which is NOT a cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?&#10;A)acetzolamide&#10;B)pancreatic fistula&#10;C)diarrohea&#10;D)high dose corticosteroids&#10;E)renal tubular acidosis

Accepted Answer

High dose corticosteroids typically do not cause normal anion gap metabolic acidosis; they can affect electrolyte balance and acid-base status in various ways, but the conditions listed in the other options (acetazolamide use, pancreatic fistula, diarrhea, and renal tubular acidosis) are directly associated with normal anion gap metabolic acidosis.

Question 3

Which would you give to reverse streptokinase?&#10;A)cryoprecipitate&#10;B)platelets&#10;C)factor VIII concentrate&#10;D)DDAVP&#10;E)Anti thrombin III concentrate

Accepted Answer

Cryoprecipitate is given to reverse the effects of streptokinase because it contains factors such as fibrinogen and factor VIII, which are depleted during the action of streptokinase, a fibrinolytic agent used to break down clots.

Question 4

Which is the first choice agent to give to a patient with Haemophilia A who has moderate factor deficiency and a retroperitoneal bleed?&#10;A)cryoprecipitate&#10;B)FFP&#10;C)Factor VIII concentrate&#10;D)Factor IX concentrate&#10;E)DDAVP

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII concentrate is the first choice for treating patients with Haemophilia A, as it directly replaces the deficient clotting factor. Haemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in factor VIII.

Question 5

Which is not a potential complication of a massive blood transfusion?&#10;A)hyperkalemia&#10;B)hypercalcemia&#10;C)hypothermia&#10;D)hypernatremia&#10;E)coagulopathy

Accepted Answer

Hypercalcemia is not a typical complication of massive blood transfusion. Instead, hypocalcemia may occur due to the citrate used in stored blood products binding to calcium. Other options like hyperkalemia, hypothermia, hypernatremia, and coagulopathy are potential complications associated with massive blood transfusion.

Question 6

Which statement is incorrect with regards to blood products?&#10;A)a bag of FFP contains 180 ml&#10;B)FFP must be ABO compatible&#10;C)Platelets must be ABO compatible&#10;D)A bag of packed cells is 300 ml&#10;E)50 units of platelets should raise the platelet count by 5

Accepted Answer

Platelets do not necessarily have to be ABO compatible. While ABO compatibility is preferred to minimize the risk of adverse reactions, platelets can be transfused across ABO blood group barriers because they contain less plasma, reducing the risk of hemolytic reactions compared to other blood components like red blood cells or plasma.

Question 7

Which blood type can be given to a patient who is blood group O?&#10;A)A&#10;B)B&#10;C)AB&#10;D)O&#10;E)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Individuals with blood group O can only receive blood from other O group donors because they lack A and B antigens on their red blood cells, making them incompatible with A, B, or AB blood types.

Question 8

What does not cause impaired accuracy of the pulse oximiter?&#10;A)ambient light&#10;B)carboxyhaemoglobin&#10;C)methaemoglobin&#10;D)hypothermia&#10;E)xray beams

Accepted Answer

X-ray beams do not affect the accuracy of pulse oximeters. Pulse oximeters function by using light-emitting diodes to measure oxygen saturation, and X-ray beams operate at a different part of the electromagnetic spectrum and do not interfere with this process.

Deck 2: Medical Topics