Deck 9: CLEP: US History

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Question
Bill of Rights

-The democratic attributes of the United States were advanced and articulated in the writing of which of the following early 19th century authors?

A)Henry James
B)Thomas Paine
C)Nathaniel Hawthorne
D)The Marquis de Lafayette
E)Alexis de Tocqueville
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Question
Bill of Rights

-In his Letter from an American Farmer, Frenchman Hector St. John Crèvecoeur characterized which of the following as one of the hallmarks of early American life?

A)The potential for major cities
B)The ability of those from diverse nations to live together peacefully
C)The communities that formed based on religion
D)The difficulty in finding food and other resources
E)The danger that Native Americans presented settlers
Question
Bill of Rights

-Jefferson's sponsoring of the Lewis and Clark expedition helped create a stronger national culture because:

A)The expedition discovered that the Spanish had largely abandoned the West.
B)It created American trails, as opposed to European ones.
C)Coverage of the expedition helped incorporate the Native Americans into popular culture of the day.
D)Lewis and Clark's documentation of new species and uncharted territory created national pride.
E)Their journey represented a new type of domestic policy.
Question
Bill of Rights

-All of the following contributed to the rise of nationalism in the Era of Good Feelings EXCEPT:

A)The acquisition of Florida
B)The lack of political divisionism
C)The end of conflicts between Mexico and the United States
D)Prolonged economic stability
E)Westward expansion
Question
Bill of Rights

-Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac represents Enlightenment thought in that it:

A)Was primarily concerned with redefining astronomy
B)Highlights the advantages of the upper class
C)Assumes that nature is predictable and can be decoded
D)Argued for the use of reason in political situations
E)Vehemently opposed the monarchy as an institution
Question
Bill of Rights

-One of the earliest slave narratives was written by which of the following figures?

A)Frederick Douglas
B)John Brown
C)Nat Turner
D)Olaudah Equiano
E)William Bradforth
Question
Bill of Rights

-Which of the following was an 18th century religious movement that arose as a counterpoint to the Enlightenment?

A)The Great Awakening
B)Mormonism
C)The revival of Catholicism
D)Agnosticism
E)Puritanism
Question
Bill of Rights

-Which of the following is considered a predominantly American philosophical movement?

A)Transcendentalism
B)Atheism
C)Modernism
D)Stoicism
E)Realism
Question
Bill of Rights

-James Fennimore Cooper's portrayal of Native Americans was noteworthy because:

A)He accurately represented Native American dialects.
B)They were viewed as admirable and closer to nature.
C)He often envisioned their culture as dominate.
D)His graphic portrayals of the attacks on the plains inhibited Westward expansion.
E)He suggested that they assimilated will into urban life.
Question
Bill of Rights

-Henry David Thoreau incorporated which of the following characteristics in his seminal work Walden?

A)Industrialism
B)Manifest Destiny
C)Individualism
D)Progressivism
E)Existentialism
Question
Bill of Rights

-The artist known for his studies of birds and other species that created international interest in American wildlife was

A)Samuel Lovett Waldo
B)Charles Bird King
C)James McNeil Whistler
D)John James Audubon
E)John Muir
Question
Bill of Rights

-In "The American Scholar," Ralph Wald Emerson famously argued for which of the following?

A)The need for public education for all
B)Reverence for European traditions
C)The creation of new, original ideas
D)Inclusion of women in higher education
E)Traveling abroad to better appreciate the virtues of America
Question
Bill of Rights

-George Catlin was renowned for his portraits of which of the following?

A)Birds
B)Native Americans
C)Civil War Soldiers
D)Southern agriculture
E)Modern urban scenes
Question
Bill of Rights

-During the first half of the 19th century, Edgar Allan Poe added a distinctly American voice to which of the following literary genres?

A)Romanticism
B)Gothic Literature
C)Epic Poetry
D)Enlightenment Thought
E)Modernism
Question
Bill of Rights

-Iconic American author Mark Twain got his start during which of the following significant events in American history?

A)The War of 1812
B)The Civil War
C)The Gold Rush
D)The Missouri Compromise
E)The Spanish-American War
Question
Bill of Rights

-Which of the following describes Anne Bradstreet's contribution to American literature?

A)A strong voice from the South opposing slavery
B)A woman's perspective on Puritan culture in colonial America
C)A treatise explaining the appropriate role of women in the 18th century home
D)A rejection of the religious principles of in early America
Question
Bill of Rights

-In American literature, realism in literature was often used to critique which of the following?

A)The treatment of Native Americans
B)The creations of American folk culture
C)The ongoing British influence in American culture
D)The rise of industrialism
E)The evils of slavery
Question
Bill of Rights

-All of the following are examples of American utopian communities in the mid-19th century EXCEPT:

A)Oneida
B)Brook Farm
C)Modern Times
D)Providence
E)New Harmony
Question
Bill of Rights

-Which of the following women pressured the mainstream women's movement to include African-American women?

A)Sojourner Truth
B)Sarah Grimke
C)Amelia Bloomer
D)Elizabeth Cady Stanton
E)Angela Davis
Question
Diplomacy

-English colonization in the New World began for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)The wealth generated by the Spanish empire
B)Dramatic improvements in the English navy
C)The British acquisition of several Spanish colonies in the Thirty Years War
D)The need to more firmly establish Protestantism
E)Sir Walter Raleigh's influence on Queen Elizabeth
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following is a place visited by Columbus on his 1492 journey?

A)Hispaniola
B)Guam
C)The Florida coast
D)The Philippines
E)Madagascar
Question
Diplomacy

-How did the Pilgrim's arrival in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 facilitate the expansion of the British Empire?

A)They drove out the Spanish out of the region that it today New England.
B)Their failure to go to Jamestown allowed the British to claim much of the east coast.
C)It marked the first successful British settlement in the New World.
D)Britain could then negotiate with the French to divide the territory in the Ohio Valley.
E)The British had had lost a lot of territory in their Empire to the French.
Question
Diplomacy

-The region that became New York was initially settled by which of the following?

A)The Dutch
B)The Portuguese
C)The French
D)The British
E)The Swedes
Question
Diplomacy

-The first permanent Spanish settlement in North American was in which of the following?

A)Virginia
B)Florida
C)Mexico City
D)Newfoundland
E)Texas
Question
Diplomacy

-Vásquez de Coronado explored the North American interior seeking which of the following?

A)Vanished missionaries
B)New species to send back to Spain
C)The Fountain of Youth
D)Civilizations similar to the Aztecs and Incas
E)Rivers granting access to the interior
Question
Diplomacy

-Henry Hudson attempted to forward which of the following Dutch interest in the New World?

A)Converting indigenous people to Protestantism
B)Developing colonies for religious dissenters
C)Finding a northwest passage to Asia
D)Preventing the English from settling in the New World
E)Driving France out of the northern regions
Question
Diplomacy

-English settlers in the New World depended on charters from the British monarchy for which of the following?

A)Economic support for their missions
B)Freedom from all British governmental structures
C)A mandate to spread Protestantism
D)Maintaining their status as English
E)Demonstrating their legitimacy to Native Americans
Question
Diplomacy

-The tide turned decisively in favor of the British in the War of 1812 for which of the following reasons?

A)James Madison died rather unexpectedly in office
B)The state of Connecticut threatened to secede from the Union
C)The war lacked popular American support.
D)The betrayal of Benedict Arnold
E)Napoleon was defeated.
Question
Diplomacy

-Although the War of 1812 was not a decisive military victory for the Americans, relations with Britain improved significantly in the aftermath because:

A)The United States economy was no longer dependent on trade.
B)German immigrants provided another European nation with which to trade.
C)The British burned Washington D .C., intimidating the Americans.
D)The United States had established military dominance.
E)The British no longer needed to raid American ships.
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following actions was the catalyst for the Mexican-American War?

A)The Alamo
B)The shooting of American soldiers on border patrol duty
C)The fact that Mexico kept invading the state of Texas
D)Disputes over shipping rights on the Rio Grande
E)Mexico launched an attack at Goliad to reclaim Texas.
Question
Diplomacy

-The victory over Mexico in the Mexican-American War had all of the following effects on the rest of the United States EXCEPT:

A)It created bans on Mexican immigration.
B)It made the Gold Rush possible.
C)It allowed Texas to become a state.
D)It laid the foundation for ongoing tensions between Mexico and America.
E)It heightened tensions between the North and the South.
Question
Diplomacy

-During the War of 1812, the British got help from the Native Americans in the Midwest and:

A)Maine
B)French Canada
C)South Carolina
D)Virginia
E)Florida
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following was the United States' first war after being established as a nation?

A)The French and Indian War
B)The War of 1812
C)The War for Texas
D)The War with Tripoli
E)Pontiac's War
Question
Diplomacy

-All of the following played a significant role in Hernán Cortéz's defeat of the Aztecs in 1521 EXCEPT

A)Smallpox
B)Horses
C)Other tribes in the region
D)Knowing the land
E)Differing fighting styles
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following resulted in the Native Americans reclaiming their territory from the Spanish in 1680?

A)King Phillip's War
B)The Pueblo Revolt
C)Montezuma's Uprising
D)Pontiac's War
E)The Inca Rebellion
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following describes a key difference between English and Spanish colonization in the New World?

A)Only the Spanish tried to convert the Native Americans to Christianity.
B)The English did not torture the Native Americans like the Spanish had.
C)The Spanish often married Native Americans, whereas the English maintained a stricter separation.
D)The Spanish did not build any permanent settlements in the New World.
E)The Spanish did not generate revenue from agriculture, while the British did.
Question
Diplomacy

-The French colonists had fewer conflicts with the Native Americans in the regions that they colonized than the English did for which of the following reasons?

A)The French did not try to convert the Native Americans.
B)The French inhabited largely unoccupied regions.
C)French culture was more accepting of difference than English.
D)The French were predominantly trappers, not farmers.
E)French policy was to have as little contact as possible with the indigenous people.
Question
Diplomacy

-The colonists in Jamestown, Virginia often had armed conflicts with which Native American tribe?

A)The Iroquois
B)The Creek
C)The Pequot
D)The Mohawk
E)The Powhatan
Question
Diplomacy

-Why did the Quakers in Pennsylvania have better relations with the Native Americans than many other colonial groups?

A)Their belief in equality mandated fair treatment for all.
B)The Native Americans had previously been defeated by the Dutch.
C)The Quakers slaughtered most of them upon their arrival, forcing the rest to flee.
D)Quaker culture banned communication with other groups.
E)The Native Americans in the region were friendlier than many other tribes.
Question
Diplomacy

-The presence of European settlers changed the lives of North American Native Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A)Alcohol was introduced to the Native Americans.
B)Farming techniques improved with the introduction of metal tools.
C)Men devoted more time to hunting.
D)Relationships among the tribes improved because of a common enemy.
E)Glass and copper items were incorporated in Native American ceremonies.
Question
Diplomacy

-The Pequot War (1675-1676), also known as King Phillip's War, was the turning points the relationship between Puritan settlers and Native Americans for which of the following reasons?

A)Settlers would no longer try to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
B)It ended all hope of integrating the two cultures.
C)It brought lasting peace to New England.
D)The Native American victory convinced settlers to limit expansion.
E)The Native Americans could not compete once British reinforcements arrived.
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following describes Jamestown Governor William Berkeley's policy toward Native Americans that contributed to Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?

A)Berkeley banned settlers from trading with the Native Americans.
B)Native Americans were allowed to set up trading posts in Jamestown.
C)The cruelty of Berkeley's Native American policy horrified the settlers.
D)Berkeley refused to protect outlying settlers from Native American attacks.
E)Berkeley tried to bring Native American children into settlement schools.
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following describes the relationship among the Iroquois Nation, the British settlers, and the French settlers?

A)The Iroquois Nation was supported by the French and always against the British.
B)Iroquois Nation tribes sided with the British or the French, depending on circumstances.
C)The Iroquois Nation migrated south to avoid being in the middle of conflicts between the British and the French.
D)There were few conflicts among the Iroquois, French and British
E)The British signed a treaty to ensure the loyalty of all of the Iroquois tribes
Question
Diplomacy

-The Treaty of Greenville signed in 1791 solidified the status of Native American as which of the following?

A)With respect to population counting, equal to slaves
B)Citizens, but without the right to vote
C)Residents on government property without citizenship rights
D)A hostile people perpetually at war with the United States
E)Full citizens who were required to pay taxes
Question
Diplomacy

-The Oregon Trail was created in response to which of the following?

A)Commercial interests seeking to create new markets
B)The violence of the Plains Indians, which kept settlers moving West
C)The growing demand for cotton
D)The competition with Britain to settle the Northwest
E)Mormons fleeing to the West
Question
Diplomacy

-The rationale for the United States seizure of approximately one third of the nation of Mexico in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was that:

A)The territory was unoccupied, and therefore available for claiming.
B)Britain was looking to seize the territory.
C)The United States wanted the Pacific coast.
D)The highly developed Mexican cities would be an asset for American growth.
E)Mexican citizens wanted incorporation in the United States.
Question
Diplomacy

-American settlers initially settled in Mexico for which of the following reasons?

A)There was no available land in the United States.
B)They had an agreement with the Mexican government.
C)They wanted to spread slavery to Mexico.
D)Mexico had illegally acquired the land.
E)Mexican immigration pushed many Americans off their land.
Question
Diplomacy

-The continental United States was complete with the addition of which of the following?

A)The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
B)The Gadsden Purchase
C)The takeover of Hawaii
D)The Adams-Onis Treaty
E)The Louisiana Purchase
Question
Diplomacy

-The series of Navigation Acts passed in the 1650s and 1660s were designed to:

A)Establish English dominance over trade routes
B)Limit the colonies to trading with England
C)Determine fishing rights around Nova Scotia
D)Require all ships to have a certified crew
E)Create international customs agencies
Question
Diplomacy

-King George III's decision to tax the British colonies was primarily motivated by which of the following?

A)The desire to limit colonial freedoms
B)Fear that the colonies would one day revolt
C)A longstanding tradition of taxing colonies
D)Compensation for the revenue lost due to smuggling
E)The need to pay off war debt generated by defending the colonies
Question
Diplomacy

-What lesson did the British learn from Pontiac's War?

A)Conflicts between colonies could also generate costly conflicts.
B)The Native Americans required financial incentives to live peacefully with settlers.
C)Unchecked, the colonists would continue to generate conflict with the Native Americans.
D)The Native Americans would betray the British in favor of the French.
E)Any victory against the Native Americans would be temporary at best.
Question
Diplomacy

-The Sons of Liberty did all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Send envoys to Britain
B)Vandalize property
C)Plan rebellions
D)Harass British soldiers stationed in
E)Boycott British goods
Question
Diplomacy

-The Intolerable Acts of 1774, also known as the Coercive Acts, were issued in response to which of the following events?

A)The Boston Massacre
B)The Boston Tea Party
C)The Battle of Lexington
D)The formation of the Sons of Liberty
E)Shays' Rebellion
Question
Diplomacy

-The British troops marched to Concord in 1775 to take which of the following?

A)Captured British troops
B)Stores of grain and other supplies
C)The head of the Sons of Liberty
D)A colonial armory
E)Control of a port used for smuggling
Question
Diplomacy

-The legal function of the Declaration of Independence was to:

A)Establish the rights of the Americans
B)Sever all ties with England
C)Detail the problems with King George III
D)Make American attractive to other nations as a trade partner
E)Define American citizenship
Question
Diplomacy

-The colonies felt that they had a chance at defeating the British for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)The colonists gained battle experience in the French and Indian War.
B)The British military was notoriously weak.
C)The colonies had a strong economy and could be self-sustaining.
D)God opposed oppression and was therefore on the colonists' side.
E)Britain's enemies would undoubtedly support them.
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following describes the fate of many of the Loyalists (also known as Tories) during the American Revolution?

A)They blended in to the population since there were so few of them.
B)They returned to England.
C)They fought alongside British troops.
D)They fled to Canada.
E)They became the Cajuns of New Orleans.
Question
Diplomacy

-The Iroquois League resulted in which of the following?

A)Native American control of the Hudson River and its tributaries
B)The loss of the distinct cultures of members
C)The creation of a rival league led by the Pequot
D)Regional peace and stability
E)A successful defense against European settlers
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following best characterizes the relationships between Native American tribes in the eastern part of North America when the European settlers arrived?

A)Essentially united with minor cultural differences
B)Speaking several dialects of the same language
C)Identifying with each other and sharing cultural values
D)In a state of near-constant war with each other
E)Highly diverse with little sense of unity
Question
Diplomacy

-The Beaver Wars between the Mohawk and the Algonquian in the 1640s demonstrated which effect of the European arrival of the New World?

A)Longstanding alliances would be devastated by European intervention.
B)European demand would shrink resources available to Native American groups, creating conflict.
C)The Native Americans were more hostile and destructive prior to the Europeans arrival.
D)The religious conflicts of Europe would replay among the Native Americans.
E)Europeans would resolve not to interfere in inter-tribal conflicts.
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following sparked migration to the region that is Arkansas and Mississippi today?

A)The lifting of restrictions on slaves in new territory
B)The invention of the cotton gin
C)The fact that native Americans had been forcibly removed during the Trail of Tears
D)The lack of land available north of the Missouri Compromise land
E)The government gave away free land in the territory
Question
Diplomacy

-Very few immigrants settled in the southern parts of the United States in the 19th century because:

A)Europeans were repulsed by slave owners.
B)Southerners were notoriously racist.
C)The South had stricter immigration policies than the rest of the United States.
D)There were few jobs due to the dominance of the slavery.
E)Those in the North paid to bring immigrants over to work in their factories.
Question
Diplomacy

-European immigrants fared better in the Market Revolution than free African Americans for which of the following reasons?

A)African-Americans did not possess the skills required.
B)African-Americans had little interest in factory work.
C)African-Americans were prohibited from living in urban centers.
D)Attitudes in the North were quite racist.
E)There were very few free African-Americans in the North
Question
Diplomacy

-Chinese Americans found success during the Gold Rush largely through which of the following activities?

A)Mining
B)Service industries
C)Mineral trading
D)Shipping
E)Lumber
Question
Diplomacy

-The Erie Canal helped spur the development of infrastructure in the United States because:

A)Its central location connected the North and the South.
B)It inspired competition among the states.
C)It was the first of several projects built as part of a federal government-issued initiative.
D)It eliminated conflicts of water rights.
E)It increased transportation costs, encouraging local developments.
Question
Diplomacy

-All of the following statements are true about Westward Expansion in the 1830s and 1840s EXCEPT:

A)Often those who moved westward did so as families or communities.
B)Slavery, though a distinctive facet of Southern culture, was not adopted by the West.
C)The railroad facilitated the growth of cities in the West.
D)Politicians from the West became increasingly visible in national politics.
E)Many of those who moved westward were motivated by the desire to grow cotton.
Question
Diplomacy

-Henry Clay's American System aimed to accomplish which of the following?

A)Both primary and secondary public schools
B)The adoption of a national language
C)A unified system of law across the United States
D)The development of the West through giving away homesteads
E)A self-sufficient American economy
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following enabled much of the early English colonial exploration and settlement?

A)Cooperation from the Native Americans
B)The acquisition of gold
C)The fur trade
D)Queen Elizabeth
E)Joint-stock companies
Question
Diplomacy

-In the colonial era, the Southern colonies built little infrastructure, such as roads or canals, for which of the following reasons?

A)The South could not afford such luxuries
B)The plantations were more connected with England than each other
C)The technology to build them efficiently did not exist
D)There was a lack of centralized government
E)The failed to appreciate the importance of trade
Question
Diplomacy

-The cities in the North were largely home to which of the following groups?

A)Freed slaves
B)Craftsmen
C)Religious leaders
D)Small farmers
E)British soldiers
Question
Diplomacy

-The middle class was virtually non-existent in the Southern colonies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)Slaves performed much of the skilled labor.
B)There were few cities.
C)Smaller farmers could not compete with the plantations.
D)Most household goods were imported from England.
E)The colonies as a whole failed to develop a solid middle class.
Question
Diplomacy

-Slavery replaced which of the following as a source of cheap labor in the colonies?

A)Serfs
B)Indentured servants
C)Child labor
D)Native American workers
E)The working class
Question
Diplomacy

-Which aspect of the structure of the southern colonies facilitated the growth of slavery?

A)The strong connection between the southern colonies and Britain
B)The deeply religious roots, which justified slavery
C)The numerous towns that created commerce
D)Large grants of land from the British monarchs
E)The influx of nobility who were used to serfs
Question
Diplomacy

-From the 16th to the early 19th century, all of the following were part of the pattern of trade known as Triangle Trade EXCEPT:

A)Weapons
B)Slaves
C)Sugar
D)Potatoes
E)Rice
Question
Diplomacy

-The first labor union that was created exclusively by and for women was in which of the following industries?

A)Governesses
B)Nurses
C)Teachers
D)Domestic servants
E)Seamstresses
Question
Diplomacy

-All of the following were exported to Europe from the Americas as part of the Columbian Exchange EXCEPT:

A)Corn
B)Wheat
C)Cocoa
D)Rubber
E)Peanuts
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following statements best explains the theory of mercantilism?

A)Industrial profits should be reinvested in empire to improve the standard of living there.
B)The more wealth that is distributed among the colonists, the better the state will be.
C)Competition for finite resources will lead to overpopulation or conflict.
D)The ruling merchant class maintains all discernible political power.
E)Colonies trade exclusively with the mother country in exchange for maintenance.
Question
Diplomacy

-Urban economies in the Midwest were aided greatly by which of the following industries in the first half of the 19th century?

A)Cotton
B)Shipbuilding
C)Steel
D)Meat-packing
E)Textiles
Question
Diplomacy

-The earliest factories in the United States were built near which of the following features?

A)Railroads
B)Mountains
C)Harbors
D)Rivers
E)Canals
Question
Diplomacy

-Which of the following cultural shifts occurred in industrial centers of the early- to mid-19th century?

A)Women began helping in the household economy.
B)Children had to work.
C)The creation of a monetary economy
D)The spread of wage labor
E)Minimum wage
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Deck 9: CLEP: US History
1
Bill of Rights

-The democratic attributes of the United States were advanced and articulated in the writing of which of the following early 19th century authors?

A)Henry James
B)Thomas Paine
C)Nathaniel Hawthorne
D)The Marquis de Lafayette
E)Alexis de Tocqueville
Alexis de Tocqueville
2
Bill of Rights

-In his Letter from an American Farmer, Frenchman Hector St. John Crèvecoeur characterized which of the following as one of the hallmarks of early American life?

A)The potential for major cities
B)The ability of those from diverse nations to live together peacefully
C)The communities that formed based on religion
D)The difficulty in finding food and other resources
E)The danger that Native Americans presented settlers
The ability of those from diverse nations to live together peacefully
3
Bill of Rights

-Jefferson's sponsoring of the Lewis and Clark expedition helped create a stronger national culture because:

A)The expedition discovered that the Spanish had largely abandoned the West.
B)It created American trails, as opposed to European ones.
C)Coverage of the expedition helped incorporate the Native Americans into popular culture of the day.
D)Lewis and Clark's documentation of new species and uncharted territory created national pride.
E)Their journey represented a new type of domestic policy.
Lewis and Clark's documentation of new species and uncharted territory created national pride.
4
Bill of Rights

-All of the following contributed to the rise of nationalism in the Era of Good Feelings EXCEPT:

A)The acquisition of Florida
B)The lack of political divisionism
C)The end of conflicts between Mexico and the United States
D)Prolonged economic stability
E)Westward expansion
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5
Bill of Rights

-Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanac represents Enlightenment thought in that it:

A)Was primarily concerned with redefining astronomy
B)Highlights the advantages of the upper class
C)Assumes that nature is predictable and can be decoded
D)Argued for the use of reason in political situations
E)Vehemently opposed the monarchy as an institution
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6
Bill of Rights

-One of the earliest slave narratives was written by which of the following figures?

A)Frederick Douglas
B)John Brown
C)Nat Turner
D)Olaudah Equiano
E)William Bradforth
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7
Bill of Rights

-Which of the following was an 18th century religious movement that arose as a counterpoint to the Enlightenment?

A)The Great Awakening
B)Mormonism
C)The revival of Catholicism
D)Agnosticism
E)Puritanism
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8
Bill of Rights

-Which of the following is considered a predominantly American philosophical movement?

A)Transcendentalism
B)Atheism
C)Modernism
D)Stoicism
E)Realism
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9
Bill of Rights

-James Fennimore Cooper's portrayal of Native Americans was noteworthy because:

A)He accurately represented Native American dialects.
B)They were viewed as admirable and closer to nature.
C)He often envisioned their culture as dominate.
D)His graphic portrayals of the attacks on the plains inhibited Westward expansion.
E)He suggested that they assimilated will into urban life.
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10
Bill of Rights

-Henry David Thoreau incorporated which of the following characteristics in his seminal work Walden?

A)Industrialism
B)Manifest Destiny
C)Individualism
D)Progressivism
E)Existentialism
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11
Bill of Rights

-The artist known for his studies of birds and other species that created international interest in American wildlife was

A)Samuel Lovett Waldo
B)Charles Bird King
C)James McNeil Whistler
D)John James Audubon
E)John Muir
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12
Bill of Rights

-In "The American Scholar," Ralph Wald Emerson famously argued for which of the following?

A)The need for public education for all
B)Reverence for European traditions
C)The creation of new, original ideas
D)Inclusion of women in higher education
E)Traveling abroad to better appreciate the virtues of America
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13
Bill of Rights

-George Catlin was renowned for his portraits of which of the following?

A)Birds
B)Native Americans
C)Civil War Soldiers
D)Southern agriculture
E)Modern urban scenes
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14
Bill of Rights

-During the first half of the 19th century, Edgar Allan Poe added a distinctly American voice to which of the following literary genres?

A)Romanticism
B)Gothic Literature
C)Epic Poetry
D)Enlightenment Thought
E)Modernism
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15
Bill of Rights

-Iconic American author Mark Twain got his start during which of the following significant events in American history?

A)The War of 1812
B)The Civil War
C)The Gold Rush
D)The Missouri Compromise
E)The Spanish-American War
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16
Bill of Rights

-Which of the following describes Anne Bradstreet's contribution to American literature?

A)A strong voice from the South opposing slavery
B)A woman's perspective on Puritan culture in colonial America
C)A treatise explaining the appropriate role of women in the 18th century home
D)A rejection of the religious principles of in early America
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17
Bill of Rights

-In American literature, realism in literature was often used to critique which of the following?

A)The treatment of Native Americans
B)The creations of American folk culture
C)The ongoing British influence in American culture
D)The rise of industrialism
E)The evils of slavery
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18
Bill of Rights

-All of the following are examples of American utopian communities in the mid-19th century EXCEPT:

A)Oneida
B)Brook Farm
C)Modern Times
D)Providence
E)New Harmony
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19
Bill of Rights

-Which of the following women pressured the mainstream women's movement to include African-American women?

A)Sojourner Truth
B)Sarah Grimke
C)Amelia Bloomer
D)Elizabeth Cady Stanton
E)Angela Davis
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20
Diplomacy

-English colonization in the New World began for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)The wealth generated by the Spanish empire
B)Dramatic improvements in the English navy
C)The British acquisition of several Spanish colonies in the Thirty Years War
D)The need to more firmly establish Protestantism
E)Sir Walter Raleigh's influence on Queen Elizabeth
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21
Diplomacy

-Which of the following is a place visited by Columbus on his 1492 journey?

A)Hispaniola
B)Guam
C)The Florida coast
D)The Philippines
E)Madagascar
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22
Diplomacy

-How did the Pilgrim's arrival in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 facilitate the expansion of the British Empire?

A)They drove out the Spanish out of the region that it today New England.
B)Their failure to go to Jamestown allowed the British to claim much of the east coast.
C)It marked the first successful British settlement in the New World.
D)Britain could then negotiate with the French to divide the territory in the Ohio Valley.
E)The British had had lost a lot of territory in their Empire to the French.
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23
Diplomacy

-The region that became New York was initially settled by which of the following?

A)The Dutch
B)The Portuguese
C)The French
D)The British
E)The Swedes
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24
Diplomacy

-The first permanent Spanish settlement in North American was in which of the following?

A)Virginia
B)Florida
C)Mexico City
D)Newfoundland
E)Texas
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25
Diplomacy

-Vásquez de Coronado explored the North American interior seeking which of the following?

A)Vanished missionaries
B)New species to send back to Spain
C)The Fountain of Youth
D)Civilizations similar to the Aztecs and Incas
E)Rivers granting access to the interior
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26
Diplomacy

-Henry Hudson attempted to forward which of the following Dutch interest in the New World?

A)Converting indigenous people to Protestantism
B)Developing colonies for religious dissenters
C)Finding a northwest passage to Asia
D)Preventing the English from settling in the New World
E)Driving France out of the northern regions
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27
Diplomacy

-English settlers in the New World depended on charters from the British monarchy for which of the following?

A)Economic support for their missions
B)Freedom from all British governmental structures
C)A mandate to spread Protestantism
D)Maintaining their status as English
E)Demonstrating their legitimacy to Native Americans
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28
Diplomacy

-The tide turned decisively in favor of the British in the War of 1812 for which of the following reasons?

A)James Madison died rather unexpectedly in office
B)The state of Connecticut threatened to secede from the Union
C)The war lacked popular American support.
D)The betrayal of Benedict Arnold
E)Napoleon was defeated.
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29
Diplomacy

-Although the War of 1812 was not a decisive military victory for the Americans, relations with Britain improved significantly in the aftermath because:

A)The United States economy was no longer dependent on trade.
B)German immigrants provided another European nation with which to trade.
C)The British burned Washington D .C., intimidating the Americans.
D)The United States had established military dominance.
E)The British no longer needed to raid American ships.
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30
Diplomacy

-Which of the following actions was the catalyst for the Mexican-American War?

A)The Alamo
B)The shooting of American soldiers on border patrol duty
C)The fact that Mexico kept invading the state of Texas
D)Disputes over shipping rights on the Rio Grande
E)Mexico launched an attack at Goliad to reclaim Texas.
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31
Diplomacy

-The victory over Mexico in the Mexican-American War had all of the following effects on the rest of the United States EXCEPT:

A)It created bans on Mexican immigration.
B)It made the Gold Rush possible.
C)It allowed Texas to become a state.
D)It laid the foundation for ongoing tensions between Mexico and America.
E)It heightened tensions between the North and the South.
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32
Diplomacy

-During the War of 1812, the British got help from the Native Americans in the Midwest and:

A)Maine
B)French Canada
C)South Carolina
D)Virginia
E)Florida
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33
Diplomacy

-Which of the following was the United States' first war after being established as a nation?

A)The French and Indian War
B)The War of 1812
C)The War for Texas
D)The War with Tripoli
E)Pontiac's War
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34
Diplomacy

-All of the following played a significant role in Hernán Cortéz's defeat of the Aztecs in 1521 EXCEPT

A)Smallpox
B)Horses
C)Other tribes in the region
D)Knowing the land
E)Differing fighting styles
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35
Diplomacy

-Which of the following resulted in the Native Americans reclaiming their territory from the Spanish in 1680?

A)King Phillip's War
B)The Pueblo Revolt
C)Montezuma's Uprising
D)Pontiac's War
E)The Inca Rebellion
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36
Diplomacy

-Which of the following describes a key difference between English and Spanish colonization in the New World?

A)Only the Spanish tried to convert the Native Americans to Christianity.
B)The English did not torture the Native Americans like the Spanish had.
C)The Spanish often married Native Americans, whereas the English maintained a stricter separation.
D)The Spanish did not build any permanent settlements in the New World.
E)The Spanish did not generate revenue from agriculture, while the British did.
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37
Diplomacy

-The French colonists had fewer conflicts with the Native Americans in the regions that they colonized than the English did for which of the following reasons?

A)The French did not try to convert the Native Americans.
B)The French inhabited largely unoccupied regions.
C)French culture was more accepting of difference than English.
D)The French were predominantly trappers, not farmers.
E)French policy was to have as little contact as possible with the indigenous people.
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38
Diplomacy

-The colonists in Jamestown, Virginia often had armed conflicts with which Native American tribe?

A)The Iroquois
B)The Creek
C)The Pequot
D)The Mohawk
E)The Powhatan
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39
Diplomacy

-Why did the Quakers in Pennsylvania have better relations with the Native Americans than many other colonial groups?

A)Their belief in equality mandated fair treatment for all.
B)The Native Americans had previously been defeated by the Dutch.
C)The Quakers slaughtered most of them upon their arrival, forcing the rest to flee.
D)Quaker culture banned communication with other groups.
E)The Native Americans in the region were friendlier than many other tribes.
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40
Diplomacy

-The presence of European settlers changed the lives of North American Native Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A)Alcohol was introduced to the Native Americans.
B)Farming techniques improved with the introduction of metal tools.
C)Men devoted more time to hunting.
D)Relationships among the tribes improved because of a common enemy.
E)Glass and copper items were incorporated in Native American ceremonies.
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41
Diplomacy

-The Pequot War (1675-1676), also known as King Phillip's War, was the turning points the relationship between Puritan settlers and Native Americans for which of the following reasons?

A)Settlers would no longer try to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
B)It ended all hope of integrating the two cultures.
C)It brought lasting peace to New England.
D)The Native American victory convinced settlers to limit expansion.
E)The Native Americans could not compete once British reinforcements arrived.
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42
Diplomacy

-Which of the following describes Jamestown Governor William Berkeley's policy toward Native Americans that contributed to Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?

A)Berkeley banned settlers from trading with the Native Americans.
B)Native Americans were allowed to set up trading posts in Jamestown.
C)The cruelty of Berkeley's Native American policy horrified the settlers.
D)Berkeley refused to protect outlying settlers from Native American attacks.
E)Berkeley tried to bring Native American children into settlement schools.
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43
Diplomacy

-Which of the following describes the relationship among the Iroquois Nation, the British settlers, and the French settlers?

A)The Iroquois Nation was supported by the French and always against the British.
B)Iroquois Nation tribes sided with the British or the French, depending on circumstances.
C)The Iroquois Nation migrated south to avoid being in the middle of conflicts between the British and the French.
D)There were few conflicts among the Iroquois, French and British
E)The British signed a treaty to ensure the loyalty of all of the Iroquois tribes
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44
Diplomacy

-The Treaty of Greenville signed in 1791 solidified the status of Native American as which of the following?

A)With respect to population counting, equal to slaves
B)Citizens, but without the right to vote
C)Residents on government property without citizenship rights
D)A hostile people perpetually at war with the United States
E)Full citizens who were required to pay taxes
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45
Diplomacy

-The Oregon Trail was created in response to which of the following?

A)Commercial interests seeking to create new markets
B)The violence of the Plains Indians, which kept settlers moving West
C)The growing demand for cotton
D)The competition with Britain to settle the Northwest
E)Mormons fleeing to the West
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46
Diplomacy

-The rationale for the United States seizure of approximately one third of the nation of Mexico in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was that:

A)The territory was unoccupied, and therefore available for claiming.
B)Britain was looking to seize the territory.
C)The United States wanted the Pacific coast.
D)The highly developed Mexican cities would be an asset for American growth.
E)Mexican citizens wanted incorporation in the United States.
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47
Diplomacy

-American settlers initially settled in Mexico for which of the following reasons?

A)There was no available land in the United States.
B)They had an agreement with the Mexican government.
C)They wanted to spread slavery to Mexico.
D)Mexico had illegally acquired the land.
E)Mexican immigration pushed many Americans off their land.
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48
Diplomacy

-The continental United States was complete with the addition of which of the following?

A)The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
B)The Gadsden Purchase
C)The takeover of Hawaii
D)The Adams-Onis Treaty
E)The Louisiana Purchase
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49
Diplomacy

-The series of Navigation Acts passed in the 1650s and 1660s were designed to:

A)Establish English dominance over trade routes
B)Limit the colonies to trading with England
C)Determine fishing rights around Nova Scotia
D)Require all ships to have a certified crew
E)Create international customs agencies
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50
Diplomacy

-King George III's decision to tax the British colonies was primarily motivated by which of the following?

A)The desire to limit colonial freedoms
B)Fear that the colonies would one day revolt
C)A longstanding tradition of taxing colonies
D)Compensation for the revenue lost due to smuggling
E)The need to pay off war debt generated by defending the colonies
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51
Diplomacy

-What lesson did the British learn from Pontiac's War?

A)Conflicts between colonies could also generate costly conflicts.
B)The Native Americans required financial incentives to live peacefully with settlers.
C)Unchecked, the colonists would continue to generate conflict with the Native Americans.
D)The Native Americans would betray the British in favor of the French.
E)Any victory against the Native Americans would be temporary at best.
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52
Diplomacy

-The Sons of Liberty did all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Send envoys to Britain
B)Vandalize property
C)Plan rebellions
D)Harass British soldiers stationed in
E)Boycott British goods
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53
Diplomacy

-The Intolerable Acts of 1774, also known as the Coercive Acts, were issued in response to which of the following events?

A)The Boston Massacre
B)The Boston Tea Party
C)The Battle of Lexington
D)The formation of the Sons of Liberty
E)Shays' Rebellion
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54
Diplomacy

-The British troops marched to Concord in 1775 to take which of the following?

A)Captured British troops
B)Stores of grain and other supplies
C)The head of the Sons of Liberty
D)A colonial armory
E)Control of a port used for smuggling
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55
Diplomacy

-The legal function of the Declaration of Independence was to:

A)Establish the rights of the Americans
B)Sever all ties with England
C)Detail the problems with King George III
D)Make American attractive to other nations as a trade partner
E)Define American citizenship
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56
Diplomacy

-The colonies felt that they had a chance at defeating the British for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)The colonists gained battle experience in the French and Indian War.
B)The British military was notoriously weak.
C)The colonies had a strong economy and could be self-sustaining.
D)God opposed oppression and was therefore on the colonists' side.
E)Britain's enemies would undoubtedly support them.
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57
Diplomacy

-Which of the following describes the fate of many of the Loyalists (also known as Tories) during the American Revolution?

A)They blended in to the population since there were so few of them.
B)They returned to England.
C)They fought alongside British troops.
D)They fled to Canada.
E)They became the Cajuns of New Orleans.
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58
Diplomacy

-The Iroquois League resulted in which of the following?

A)Native American control of the Hudson River and its tributaries
B)The loss of the distinct cultures of members
C)The creation of a rival league led by the Pequot
D)Regional peace and stability
E)A successful defense against European settlers
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59
Diplomacy

-Which of the following best characterizes the relationships between Native American tribes in the eastern part of North America when the European settlers arrived?

A)Essentially united with minor cultural differences
B)Speaking several dialects of the same language
C)Identifying with each other and sharing cultural values
D)In a state of near-constant war with each other
E)Highly diverse with little sense of unity
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60
Diplomacy

-The Beaver Wars between the Mohawk and the Algonquian in the 1640s demonstrated which effect of the European arrival of the New World?

A)Longstanding alliances would be devastated by European intervention.
B)European demand would shrink resources available to Native American groups, creating conflict.
C)The Native Americans were more hostile and destructive prior to the Europeans arrival.
D)The religious conflicts of Europe would replay among the Native Americans.
E)Europeans would resolve not to interfere in inter-tribal conflicts.
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61
Diplomacy

-Which of the following sparked migration to the region that is Arkansas and Mississippi today?

A)The lifting of restrictions on slaves in new territory
B)The invention of the cotton gin
C)The fact that native Americans had been forcibly removed during the Trail of Tears
D)The lack of land available north of the Missouri Compromise land
E)The government gave away free land in the territory
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62
Diplomacy

-Very few immigrants settled in the southern parts of the United States in the 19th century because:

A)Europeans were repulsed by slave owners.
B)Southerners were notoriously racist.
C)The South had stricter immigration policies than the rest of the United States.
D)There were few jobs due to the dominance of the slavery.
E)Those in the North paid to bring immigrants over to work in their factories.
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63
Diplomacy

-European immigrants fared better in the Market Revolution than free African Americans for which of the following reasons?

A)African-Americans did not possess the skills required.
B)African-Americans had little interest in factory work.
C)African-Americans were prohibited from living in urban centers.
D)Attitudes in the North were quite racist.
E)There were very few free African-Americans in the North
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64
Diplomacy

-Chinese Americans found success during the Gold Rush largely through which of the following activities?

A)Mining
B)Service industries
C)Mineral trading
D)Shipping
E)Lumber
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65
Diplomacy

-The Erie Canal helped spur the development of infrastructure in the United States because:

A)Its central location connected the North and the South.
B)It inspired competition among the states.
C)It was the first of several projects built as part of a federal government-issued initiative.
D)It eliminated conflicts of water rights.
E)It increased transportation costs, encouraging local developments.
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66
Diplomacy

-All of the following statements are true about Westward Expansion in the 1830s and 1840s EXCEPT:

A)Often those who moved westward did so as families or communities.
B)Slavery, though a distinctive facet of Southern culture, was not adopted by the West.
C)The railroad facilitated the growth of cities in the West.
D)Politicians from the West became increasingly visible in national politics.
E)Many of those who moved westward were motivated by the desire to grow cotton.
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67
Diplomacy

-Henry Clay's American System aimed to accomplish which of the following?

A)Both primary and secondary public schools
B)The adoption of a national language
C)A unified system of law across the United States
D)The development of the West through giving away homesteads
E)A self-sufficient American economy
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68
Diplomacy

-Which of the following enabled much of the early English colonial exploration and settlement?

A)Cooperation from the Native Americans
B)The acquisition of gold
C)The fur trade
D)Queen Elizabeth
E)Joint-stock companies
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69
Diplomacy

-In the colonial era, the Southern colonies built little infrastructure, such as roads or canals, for which of the following reasons?

A)The South could not afford such luxuries
B)The plantations were more connected with England than each other
C)The technology to build them efficiently did not exist
D)There was a lack of centralized government
E)The failed to appreciate the importance of trade
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70
Diplomacy

-The cities in the North were largely home to which of the following groups?

A)Freed slaves
B)Craftsmen
C)Religious leaders
D)Small farmers
E)British soldiers
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71
Diplomacy

-The middle class was virtually non-existent in the Southern colonies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)Slaves performed much of the skilled labor.
B)There were few cities.
C)Smaller farmers could not compete with the plantations.
D)Most household goods were imported from England.
E)The colonies as a whole failed to develop a solid middle class.
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72
Diplomacy

-Slavery replaced which of the following as a source of cheap labor in the colonies?

A)Serfs
B)Indentured servants
C)Child labor
D)Native American workers
E)The working class
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73
Diplomacy

-Which aspect of the structure of the southern colonies facilitated the growth of slavery?

A)The strong connection between the southern colonies and Britain
B)The deeply religious roots, which justified slavery
C)The numerous towns that created commerce
D)Large grants of land from the British monarchs
E)The influx of nobility who were used to serfs
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74
Diplomacy

-From the 16th to the early 19th century, all of the following were part of the pattern of trade known as Triangle Trade EXCEPT:

A)Weapons
B)Slaves
C)Sugar
D)Potatoes
E)Rice
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75
Diplomacy

-The first labor union that was created exclusively by and for women was in which of the following industries?

A)Governesses
B)Nurses
C)Teachers
D)Domestic servants
E)Seamstresses
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76
Diplomacy

-All of the following were exported to Europe from the Americas as part of the Columbian Exchange EXCEPT:

A)Corn
B)Wheat
C)Cocoa
D)Rubber
E)Peanuts
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77
Diplomacy

-Which of the following statements best explains the theory of mercantilism?

A)Industrial profits should be reinvested in empire to improve the standard of living there.
B)The more wealth that is distributed among the colonists, the better the state will be.
C)Competition for finite resources will lead to overpopulation or conflict.
D)The ruling merchant class maintains all discernible political power.
E)Colonies trade exclusively with the mother country in exchange for maintenance.
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78
Diplomacy

-Urban economies in the Midwest were aided greatly by which of the following industries in the first half of the 19th century?

A)Cotton
B)Shipbuilding
C)Steel
D)Meat-packing
E)Textiles
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79
Diplomacy

-The earliest factories in the United States were built near which of the following features?

A)Railroads
B)Mountains
C)Harbors
D)Rivers
E)Canals
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80
Diplomacy

-Which of the following cultural shifts occurred in industrial centers of the early- to mid-19th century?

A)Women began helping in the household economy.
B)Children had to work.
C)The creation of a monetary economy
D)The spread of wage labor
E)Minimum wage
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