Deck 14: Measurement and Data Quality

Question 1

Quantitative studies derive data through the measurement of variables. What is measurement?

A) Involves assigning numbers to represent the amount of an attribute present in an object or person, using a specified set of rules
B) Capacity of a numeric expression signifying how much of an attribute is present
C) Signifies equivalence or similarity between two phenomena
D) The consistency with which it measures the target attributes

Answer 1

Involves assigning numbers to represent the amount of an attribute present in an object or person, using a specified set of rules

Question 2

Researchers try to link numeric values to reality. Measurement procedures are ideally isomorphic to reality. What is isomorphism?

A) Involves assigning numbers to represent the amount of an attribute present in an object or person, using a specified set of rules
B) Capacity of a numeric expression signifying how much of an attribute is present
C) Signifies equivalence or similarity between two phenomena
D) The consistency with which it measures the target attributes

Answer 2

Signifies equivalence or similarity between two phenomena

Question 3

What is the difference between a true score and an obtained score?

A) Situational contaminant
B) Response set bias
C) Transitory personal factor
D) Error of measurement

Answer 3

Error of measurement

Question 4

Many factors contribute to errors of measurement. Some errors are random while others are systematic, reflecting bias. What is one source of measurement error in social psychological scales?

A) Situational contaminant
B) Response set bias
C) Transitory personal factor
D) Error of measurement

Question 5

Scales and tests that involve summing item scores are typically evaluated. The nurse research would use Cronbach's alpha to determine which attribute of an instrument?

A) Stability
B) Internal consistency
C) Equivalence
D) Sensitivity

Question 6

What aspect of reliability for which interobserver reliability is appropriate?

A) Stability
B) Internal consistency
C) Equivalence
D) Sensitivity

Question 7

Which value obtained by the nurse research reflects the highest internal consistency?

A) 0.00
B) 0.99
C) 1.00
D) 10.0

Question 8

What type of validity employs logical analysis and hypothesis tests?

A) Content
B) Face
C) Criterion
D) Construct

Question 9

The nurse researcher is identifying unitary clusters of items or measures. What measurement does this represent?

A) Known-groups technique
B) Factor analysis
C) Predictive validity
D) Concurrent validity

Question 10

The nurse researcher knows that there are two primary criteria for assessment of an instrument. What is reliability?

A) Degree of consistency or accuracy with which an instrument measures an attribute
B) Magnitude and direction of a relationship between two variables
C) Extent to which an instrument yields the same results on repeated administrations
D) Extent to which an instrument's items are measuring the same attribute

Question 11

Which statement accurately describes an instrument's reliability?

A) The lower an instrument's reliability, the lower the amount of error in obtained scores.
B) The lower an instrument's reliability, the higher the amount of error in obtained scores.
C) The higher an instrument's reliability, the lower the amount of error in obtained scores.
D)The higher an instrument's reliability, the higher the amount of error in obtained scores.

Question 12

When ratings are dichotomous, which equation would be used to calculate the proportion of agreements?

A) Number of disagreement/Number of agreement plus disagreements
B) Number of agreements/Number of agreements in the population
C) Number of agreement/Number o fagreement plus disagreements
D) Number of disagreements/Number of agreements in the population

Question 13

What is the correct formula for the nurse researcher to use to identify the observed total variability in scores?

A) VO = VT + VE
B) VT = VO + VE
C) VE = VT + VO
D) VV = VT + VE

Question 14

What type of validity uses a multitrait- multimethod matrix technique?

A) Content
B) Face
C) Criterion
D) Construct

Question 15

The validity approach of multitrait- multimethod matrix technique is based on the concepts of convergence and discriminability. What is convergence?

A) Different method of measuring the same attributes yielding similar results
B) Ability to differentiate the construct being measured from other similar concepts
C) Instrument's ability to identify a case correctly
D) Instrument's ability to identify non cases correctly

Question 16

Sensitivity and specificity are important criteria for screening and diagnostic instruments. What is sensitivity?

A) Different method of measuring the same attributes yielding similar results
B) Ability to differentiate the construct being measured from other similar concepts
C) Instrument's ability to identify a case correctly
D) Instrument's ability to identify non cases correctly.

Question 17

Sensitivity and specificity are important criteria for screening and diagnostic instruments. What is specificity?

A) Different method of measuring the same attributes yielding similar results
B) Ability to differentiate the construct being measured from other similar concepts
C) Instrument's ability to identify a case correctly
D) Instrument's ability to identify non cases correctly.

Question 18

The validity approach of multitrait- multimethod matrix technique is based on the concepts of convergence and discriminability. What is discriminability?

A) Different method of measuring the same attributes yielding similar results
B) Ability to differentiate the construct being measured from other similar concepts
C) Instrument's ability to identify a case correctly
D) Instrument's ability to identify non cases correctly

Question 19

When is the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula used?

A) To estimate how reliable a scale would be with more items
B) To estimate how reliable a scale would be with fewer items
C) To estimate how valid a scale would be with more items
D) To estimate how valid a scale would be with fewer items