Deck 17: Inferential Statistics

Question 1

What does inferential statistics permit the researcher to do?

A) Generalize to a population based on data from a sample.
B) Describe information from empirical observation.
C) Interpret descriptive statistics.
D) Reject the null hypothesis.

Answer 1

Generalize to a population based on data from a sample.

Question 2

What is a major factor affecting standard error of the mean?

A) Value of the score range
B) Shape of the sampling distribution
C) Sample size
D) Value of the mean

Answer 2

Sample size

Question 3

Statistical inference consists of two approaches: estimating parameters and testing hypotheses. What is point estimation?

A) Provides an estimate of a population parameter
B) Provides a single descriptive value of the population estimate
C) Provides the upper and lower limits of arange of values
D) Provides the ability to make objective decisions about hypothesis validity

Answer 3

Provides a single descriptive value of the population estimate

Question 4

A 95% confidence level is associated with how many standard deviation units?

A) 1.96
B) 2.58
C) Depends on the test statistic
D) Depends on the sample size

Question 5

What is the statistical procedure that is used to determine whether a significant difference exists between any numbers of group means?

A) t-test
B) ANOVA
C) Correlation coefficient
D) Mann Whitney U test

Question 6

What test would a nurse researcher use to test hypotheses about group differences in proportions?

A) t-test
B) ANOVA
C) Correlation coefficient
D) Chi-square

Question 7

The independent variable is weight gain during pregnancy. The dependent variable is the infant's birth weight. What is the appropriate test statistic?

A) t-test
B) ANOVA
C) Chi-square
D) Pearson's r

Question 8

The independent variable is marital status. The dependent variable is whether or not the person had been hospitalized in the preceding 12 months. What is the appropriate statistical test?

A) t-test
B) ANOVA
C) Chi-square
D) Pearson's r

Question 9

The independent variable is treatment group. The dependent variable is an infants' length of stay in the hospital after birth. What is the appropriate statistical test?

A) t-test
B) ANOVA
C) Correlation coefficient
D) Mann Whitney U test

Question 10

What must the nurse researcher estimate in power analysis?

A) Significance level
B) Effect size
C) Power criterion
D) Type I error

Question 11

Statistical inference consists of two approaches: estimating parameters and testing hypotheses. What is interval estimation?

A) Provides an estimate of a population parameter
B) Provides a single descriptive value of the population estimate
C) Provides the upper and lower limits of arange of values
D) Provides the ability to make objective decisions about hypothesis validity

Question 12

What does hypothesis testing through statistical procedures enable researchers to do?

A) Make objective decisions about the validity of the hypotheses.
B) Make objective decisions about the reliability of the hypotheses.
C) Make subjective decisions about the validity of the hypotheses.
D) Make subjective decisions about the reliability of the hypotheses.

Question 13

What occurs with a Type I error?

A) There is a positive relationship between research variables.
B) There is a negative relationship between research variables.
C) There is a false positive relationship between research variables.
D) There is a false negative relationship between research variables.

Question 14

What occurs with a Type II error?

A) There is a positive relationship between research variables.
B) There is a negative relationship between research variables.
C) There is a false positive relationship between research variables.
D) There is a false negative relationship between research variables.

Question 15

Most testing involves which type of test?

A) One tailed
B) Two tailed
C) Parametric
D) Nonparametric

Question 16

What is the statistical test to measure the magnitude of bivariate relationships and to test whether the relationship is significantly different from zero for interval-level data?

A) Pearson's r
B) Spearman's rho
C) Kendall's tau
D) phi coefficient

Question 17

What is the statistical test to measure the magnitude of bivariate relationships and to test whether the relationship is significantly different from zero for nominal-level data?

A) Pearson's r
B) Spearman's rho
C) Kendall's tau
D) phi coefficient