Deck 72: Care of the School-Age Child or Adolescent

Question 1

Which child has been diagnosed with a disease that requires Contact Precautions?

A) A baby who has impetigo
B) An infant with influenza
C) A preschooler with rubella
D) A toddler with severe acute respiratory syndrome

Answer 1

A baby who has impetigo

Question 2

Which is typically the first immunization received by a newborn?

A) Rotavirus
B) Diphtheria
C) Hepatitis B
D) Tetanus

Answer 2

Hepatitis B

Question 3

Which comfort-focused intervention is recommended for a child diagnosed with influenza?

A) Raise the head of the bed.
B) Offer large amounts of fluids every 4 hours.
C) Place a cold pack over an earache.
D) Discontinue antibiotics with relief of symptoms.

Answer 3

Raise the head of the bed.

Question 4

A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 3-year-old boy. The mother answers "no" when asked if the child is up to date with vaccinations. The child presents with slight fever and spasms of coughing that make a "whooping" sound. The mother said that occasionally the child vomits after coughing so hard. What disease would the nurse suspect?

A) Tetanus
B) Pertussis
C) Diphtheria
D) Haemophilus influenzae type b

Question 5

Which statement is accurate regarding red measles?

A) It is caused by bacteria found in the nose.
B) It is transmitted through direct contact.
C) DTP vaccine can be used for immunization
D) It begins with a high temperature.

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old boy diagnosed with mumps. Which teaching point would be appropriate for the parents of this client?

A) "Protect your other children from close contact with your son."
B) "The swelling should disappear within a week."
C) "The disease may cause sterility in your child."
D) "Your son will need IV antibiotics to cure the disease."

Question 7

A 7-year-old child is diagnosed with chickenpox. Which eruption is the first to be seen in chickenpox?

A) Papules
B) Vesicles
C) Pustules
D) Crusts

Question 8

A mother brings her 9-year-old daughter to the community health clinic for a sore throat that began several days ago. The child reports a "lump" in her throat and "soreness all over her body." On examination, the nurse documents "white patches on the tonsils." What disease would the nurse suspect?

A) Scarlet fever
B) Rheumatic fever
C) Strep
D) Roseola

Question 9

Which diagnostic finding supports a diagnosis of rheumatic fever?

A) Low white blood cell (WBC) count
B) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
C) Negative C-reactive protein (CRP)
D) Low antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titer

Question 10

Two cases of lice are identified. Which intervention should the school nurse implement to prevent the spread of pediculosis to the entire class?

A) Require that all students carry school supplies in paper bags.
B) Provide anthelmintics to all the students.
C) Ask students not to share their hats or combs.
D) Ask students to keep their nails short and clean.

Question 11

A child who ingested a poison is treated with gastric lavage. What factor will determine whether the client is then admitted to the hospital?

A) Nature of the poison ingested
B) Age of the child
C) Time between ingestion of poison and lavage
D) Amount of poison ingested

Question 12

The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old girl with burns covering two-thirds of her body caused by a home fire. Which are chief nursing concerns in treating this client? Select all that apply.

A) Combating shock
B) Repair of damage
C) Alleviating pain
D) Applying pressure garments
E) Prevention of contractures
F) Restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 13

A nurse is teaching new parents about the causes of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and interventions to help prevent these deaths. Which information about SUID and SIDS is accurate? Select all that apply.

A) SUID can be caused by metabolic disorders.
B) SIDS occurs when the infant is lying awake in a crib.
C) SIDS has been linked to sleeping in a prone position.
D) One theory links SIDS to malfunctioning brainstem causing faulty respirations.
E) Parents should use a pillow under the head of the infant to prevent SIDS.
F) Large for gestational age infants are at a greater risk for SIDS.

Question 14

The nurse is caring for a child who has a fractured femur. On examination, the nurse notices other bruises and wounds in varying stages of healing and suspects child abuse. What is the appropriate nursing intervention in this situation?

A) Confront the parents about potential abuse.
B) Call 911 immediately.
C) Notify the appropriate authorities.
D) Take the child away from the parents.

Question 15

A mother whose infant is diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT) asks the nurse what causes this condition and how it is treated. What is the nurse's best response?

A) "Most often, FTT has a psychosocial rather than congenital physical cause."
B) "An infant's primary caregiver is often responsible for the infant's condition."
C) "Your infant will be hospitalized for 2 or 3 days and fed on demand."
D) "The effects of FTT are physical and do not cause developmental delays."

Question 16

A nurse is examining an infant of Asian descent who presents with irregular dark, blue- green areas generally found on the lower back. The shapes have regular edges. What condition does the nurse suspect?

A) Child abuse
B) Hemangioma
C) Nevi
D) Mongolian spots

Question 17

A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child placed in a splint brace for correcting developmental dysplasia. Which nursing consideration should the nurse keep in mind when caring for the client?

A) Avoid gluten-containing food supplements.
B) Give gavage feedings or total parenteral nutrition.
C) Take precautions when handling the child.
D) Monitor daily laboratory studies of renal function.

Question 18

A child presents in the ER with symptoms of Reye syndrome. Which is a suspected etiology of this disease?

A) Use of aspirin during viral illness
B) Improper closing of the bones in the skull
C) Malformation of the vertebral or spinal cord
D) Disruption of spinal fluid causing swelling

Question 19

A 3-month-old infant is diagnosed with spina bifida. Which information should be included in parent teaching?

A) Use only cotton diapers.
B) Avoid plastic diapers.
C) Avoid rubber toys.
D) Give protein-rich food.

Question 20

A child of European descent is diagnosed with celiac disease. What food should the parents be instructed to remove from their child's diet?

A) Whole wheat bread
B) Dairy products
C) Fresh vegetables
D) Red meat

Question 21

A 4-year-old child is postoperative following surgery to repair a cleft lip (cheiloplasty). Which intervention should be performed immediately after surgery?

A) Change dressings.
B) Apply an elbow restraint.
C) Schedule speech therapy.
D) Monitor the child for cyanosis.

Question 22

Which cardiac condition is considered a cyanotic heart defect?

A) Atrial septal defect (ASD)
B) Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
C) Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
D) Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Question 23

Which form of leukemia is the most commonly diagnosed in children under 15 years of age?

A) Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL)
B) Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
C) Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)
D) Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Question 24

A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child diagnosed with laryngotracheobronchitis. Which intervention should the nurse include in the client's nursing care plan?

A) Expectorants should be administered to loosen secretions, as ordered.
B) Low-sodium, high-calorie diet should be given, as ordered.
C) Signs of acid-base imbalance should be monitored.
D) Precautions should be taken when handling the child.

Question 25

A child is visiting a friend who has several dogs and cats and begins wheezing, has difficulty breathing, and has chest tightness. The parents bring the child to the ER and explain the symptoms to the nurse. This assessment data supports which medical diagnosis?

A) Pneumonia
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Acute asthma
D) Pyloric stenosis

Question 26

The nurse is providing educational information to the parents of a child diagnosed with Meckel diverticulum. How should the nurse describe the expected characteristics of the child's stool?

A) Loose and watery
B) Bloody or tarry
C) Currant-jelly
D) Floating and fatty

Question 27

An 8-year-old boy is diagnosed with an indirect inguinal hernia. How does the nurse best describe this condition to his parents?

A) The intestine protrudes into the inguinal area and may descend into the scrotal sac.
B) A portion of the intestine protrudes through the diaphragm.
C) A portion of the intestine protrudes through a weak umbilical ring.
D) A portion of the intestine protrudes through the weakest part of the abdominal wall.

Question 28

A 2-year-old child who has frequent attacks of diarrhea is diagnosed to be lactose intolerant. Which food item should be avoided in the client's regular diet plan?

A) Banana
B) Wheat
C) Orange
D) Yogurt

Question 29

The nurse caring for a child diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome explains to the parents that a combination of three conditions occurs in this illness. Which is one of these conditions?

A) Heart failure
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Renal failure
D) Urinary obstruction

Question 30

The mother of a 4-month-old infant asks the nurse about the right time to start solid food for the baby. Which should the nurse tell the mother?

A) When the baby starts drinking 50 ounces of milk
B) When the baby gets its first tooth
C) When the baby starts sitting without any support
D) When extrusion reflex appears in the baby