Deck 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Jeffery is suffering from gephyrophobia-the fear of bridges. His therapist, Anne, helps Jeffery relax and gradually exposes him to bridges by taking him through the following stages: imagining a bridge, seeing a photograph of a bridge, seeing a photograph of a person walking on a bridge, seeing a real bridge, observing the people walking on it, and finally walking on the bridge. Identify the technique John uses to alleviate Jeffery's gephyrophobia.

A) Transference
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Mindfulness meditation
D) Free association

Answer 1

Systematic desensitization

Question 2

Which of the following side effects are associated with the use of tricyclic antidepressants?

A) Dry mouth, weight gain, irritability, confusion, and constipation
B) Diarrhea, auditory impairment, insomnia, kidney failure, and cognitive effects
C) Fatigue, visual impairment, and tardive dyskinesia
D) Increased risk of diabetes and reduction of white blood cells

Answer 2

Dry mouth, weight gain, irritability, confusion, and constipation

Question 3

The best-known phenothiazine is ________.

A) Librium
B) Prozac
C) chlorpromazine
D) monoamine

Answer 3

chlorpromazine

Question 4

________ therapy is an integrative treatment program for people who have post-traumatic stress disorder.

A) Cognitive
B) Group
C) Avatar
D) Prolonged exposure

Question 5

Which of the following is a difference between transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which are used for treating psychological disorders?

A) tDCS stimulates subcortical brain structures, while rTMS stimulates the outer layer of the cortex only.
B) tDCS requires equipment that must be used in a medical setting, while rTMS equipment is portable and can be used when people are moving.
C) tDCS involves deep brain stimulation by implanting electrodes into the brain, while rTMS works by disrupting circuits in subcortical brain areas that underlies compulsive behavior.
D) tDCS is used to treat mild clinical depression, while rTMS is used to treat mild to moderate clinical depression.

Question 6

Bert constantly questions his girlfriend about her whereabouts. He gets extremely anxious and overbearing when he is unable to track her. Bert's therapist tells him that he understands that Bert is afraid of losing his girlfriend as he loves her a lot; he further tries to rationalize that Bert's overbearing nature will eventually cause his girlfriend to leave him, which makes Bert anxious. In this scenario, Bert's therapist is using ________ to treat him.

A) cognitive therapy
B) psychodynamic therapy
C) behavior therapy
D) humanistic therapy

Question 7

Dr. Barbara combines techniques from humanistic, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and psychoanalytic therapies in the treatment of her phobia patients. Dr. Barbara's approach is called ________.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) free association
C) Freudian therapy
D) integrated therapy

Question 8

In ________, the therapist poses questions that help the client recognize erroneous logic that may support problematic thinking.

A) dialectical behavior therapy
B) virtual reality therapy
C) Socratic method
D) the dodo bird verdict

Question 9

Of the various classes of antidepressants, which of the following medications have the fewest adverse side effects and can be used for long-term treatments?

A) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Tricyclic antidepressants

Question 10

________ is a defense mechanism that involves forcing threatening feelings, ideas, or motives into the unconscious.

A) Repression
B) Catharsis
C) Flooding
D) Transference

Question 11

Geri, who is schizophrenic, experiences a cluster of adverse side effects from taking antipsychotics. Her symptoms include involuntary facial movements and body tremors. Geri is most likely to have developed a condition called

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) countertransference.
C) post-traumatic stress disorder.
D) tardive dyskinesia.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of atypical antipsychotics?

A) Phenothiazine
B) Olanzapine
C) Chlorpromazine
D) Fluphenazine

Question 13

When psychologists make treatment choices based on the empirical evidence of their efficacy, they are engaging in ________ therapies.

A) group
B) cognitive
C) evidence-based
D) empirical-behavioral

Question 14

Identify the side effects of using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of clinical depression.

A) Increased risk of diabetes and reduction of white blood cells
B) Weight gain and dangerous increase in blood pressure
C) Agitation, insomnia, nausea, and difficulty in achieving orgasm
D) Fatigue, auditory impairment, and tardive dyskinesia

Question 15

________ is the use of psychological techniques to modify maladaptive behaviors or thought patterns, or both, and to help patients develop insight into their own behavior.

A) Psychotherapy
B) Deep brain stimulation
C) Psychosurgery
D) Electroconvulsive therapy

Question 16

Which of the following classes of drug treatment for depression includes imipramine and amitriptyline?

A) Barbiturates
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
C) Tricyclic antidepressants
D) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of the electroconvulsive therapy?

A) It is administered by connecting electrodes to a patient's spine.
B) It reduces memory loss because it rejuvenates some brain tissues.
C) It produces a brief seizure, including bodily convulsions.
D) It is administered by passing an electrical current ranging from 10 to 20 volts.

Question 18

________ is an extreme form of in vivo exposure in which the client experiences extreme exposure to the phobic object.

A) Psychodynamic therapy
B) Immersion therapy
C) Implosion therapy
D) Client-centered therapy

Question 19

Which of the following can be effective for severe cases of depression in people who have not responded to other therapies?

A) Atypical antipsychotic medication
B) Anticonvulsant medication
C) Prefrontal lobotomy
D) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 20

Which of the following is true about cognitive therapy?

A) In cognitive therapy, the therapist focuses more on symptom relief than major personality change
B) In cognitive therapy, the therapist applies the principles of classical and operant conditioning to treat psychological disorders.
C) In cognitive therapy, the therapist helps the client identify irrational thought patterns and then challenges these thoughts.
D) In cognitive therapy, several people who share a common problem all meet regularly with a therapist to help themselves and one another

Question 21

The ________ were among the first pharmaceuticals used to treat depression.

A) phenothiazines
B) atypical antipsychotics
C) monoamine oxidase inhibitors
D) benzodiazepines

Question 22

________ is a class of drug treatment for depression with side effects such as weight loss, dry mouth, and headaches.

A) Bupropione
B) Chlorpromazine
C) Fluoxetine
D) Clozapine

Question 23

________ is the process of releasing intense, often unconscious, emotions in a therapeutic setting.

A) Catharsis
B) Transference
C) Need for closure
D) Systematic desensitization

Question 24

The ________ are used to treat certain anxiety disorders, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as disorders of impulse control, such as compulsive gambling or skin picking.

A) norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)
B) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
C) serotonin-norepinephrine releasing agents (SNRAs)
D) monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors

Question 25

Which of the following is a side effect of the atypical antipsychotics used for the treatment for schizophrenia?

A) Major weight loss and diarrhea
B) Increased risk of hypoglycemia, fatigue, and visual impairments
C) Problems with balance and cardiovascular problems in older patients
D) A reduction in the number of red blood cells

Question 26

Christopher has borderline personality disorder. With treatment, his self-inflicted harmful behavior reduces considerably. He consistently obtains low scores on depression questionnaires, and his physician sees a decrease in his dysfunctional patterns associated with substance abuse. Christopher informs his physician that there is a marked decrease in his self-induced anxiety. Which of the following treatments does Christopher undergo?

A) Avatar therapy
B) Prolonged exposure therapy
C) Virtual reality therapy
D) Dialectical behavior therapy

Question 27

Which of the following is true about meditation-based therapies?

A) In meditation-based therapies, several people who share a common problem meet regularly with a therapist to help themselves and one another; the therapist acts as a facilitator.
B) A general goal in mindfulness meditation is for a person to gain perspective on one's own thoughts and feelings and, ultimately, change one's relationships with them.
C) Meditation-based therapies combine cognitive behavioral therapy with the imagined exposure form of systematic desensitization and relaxation.
D) Meditation-based therapies use virtual environments that create therapeutic situations that might be hard to create otherwise.

Question 28

Which of the following therapies is most likely to be used for the treatment of phobias such as fear of flying?

A) Virtual reality therapies
B) Cognitive therapies
C) Integrative therapies
D) Group therapies

Question 29

________, a virtual online world, offers people with social anxiety-who avoid therapy that requires them to get out of the house and go to a new environment-a "safe" form of psychotherapy, because they are not directly observed or exposed to ridicule and embarrassing situations.

A) Anteworld
B) TitanIM
C) Second Life
D) Virtual Mars

Question 30

In optogenetics, which of the following is used in combination with genetics to manipulate the activity of individual neurons?

A) Light stimulation
B) Free association
C) Mindfulness meditation
D) Systematic desensitization

Question 31

Which of the following is a difference between flooding and systematic desensitization?

A) Flooding focuses on pairing relaxation with gradual exposure to a phobic object, whereas systematic desensitization focuses on subjecting a client to experience extreme exposure to a phobic object.
B) Flooding focuses on changing behavior rather than thoughts, feelings, or motives, whereas systematic desensitization focuses on eliminating undesirable behaviors and increasing the frequency of desirable ones.
C) Flooding involves three levels of exposure to a phobic object, whereas systematic desensitization involves daily exercises in noticing and finding things in life for which one is grateful and thankful.
D) Flooding involves heavy exposure to a feared object, whereas systematic desensitization involves gradually making a person less sensitive to the feared object.

Question 32

Which of the following is the most important function of the presence of others in group therapy?

A) It shows participants that they are not alone in their experience.
B) It allows the therapist to gather data on newly learned techniques.
C) The larger the group the more likely that therapy will be paid for by insurance.
D) It embarrasses individual participants into behaving.

Question 33

Standard ________ helps depressed people recognize their depressogenic thought patterns and has been very effective in reducing relapse when administered during depressive episodes.

A) behavioral therapy
B) drug therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) prolonged exposure therapy

Question 34

Garrett is taking a phenothiazine as prescribed by his psychiatrist. Which of the following clusters of symptoms is his psychiatrist most likely attempting to treat?

A) Hallucinations, confusion, and paranoia
B) Amnesia and loss of identity
C) Loss of energy, motivation, and enjoyment of life
D) Anxiety and apprehensive expectations

Question 35

The oldest and most direct lineage to Freudian therapy is known as ________ therapy.

A) dissociative
B) psychoanalytic
C) client-centered
D) humanist/positive

Question 36

Tanmay has bipolar disorder. His physician prescribes a drug to stabilize the mania associated with the disorder. The drug apparently works by influencing several neurotransmitter systems in the brain. After taking the drug, Tanmay experiences diarrhea, nausea, tremors, and cognitive problems. His physician tells him that he will need regular blood tests to monitor the levels of the drug because of its potential toxicity. Which of the following drugs did the physician prescribe for Tanmay's condition?

A) Librium
B) Lithium
C) Buspirone
D) Chlorpromazine

Question 37

In a recent study, researchers used light to stimulate neurons in the orbitofrontal region of the brain in mice and were able to decrease compulsive behaviors. Which of the following techniques have the researchers used?

A) Nucleonics
B) Optogenetics
C) Thermodynamics
D) Acoustics

Question 38

________ focuses on identifying risk factors for developing disorders, targeting at-risk populations, and offering training programs that decrease the likelihood of disorders occurring.

A) Treatment
B) Repression
C) Association
D) Prevention

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true about mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

A) It is an aggressive form of treatment that requires electroconvulsive and integrative therapies.
B) It helps people with depression learn to recognize and restructure negative thought patterns.
C) It an approach that combines elements of group therapy and drug therapy.
D) It requires simulation and creation of digital environments that depict real-life situations.

Question 40

George feels very energetic and active on some days of the month and engages in gardening, washing laundry, and other menial jobs till early morning hours. On other days, he feels very depressed, inactive, and does not even get up from his bed. He is eventually diagnosed with bipolar disorder. His psychiatrist is most likely to prescribe ________ to treat his condition.

A) chlorpromazine
B) librium
C) valium
D) lithium

Question 41

________ has/have long been prescribed for its ability to stabilize the mania associated with bipolar disorder.

A) Librium
B) Lithium
C) Valium
D) Bupropion

Question 42

Which of the following is true with respect to the effectiveness of SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants in treating depression?

A) MAO inhibitors are more effective than a combination of SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants.
B) SSRIs and tricyclics show comparable effectiveness in the treatment of depression.
C) SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants have less effect when given in high doses.
D) While tricyclic antidepressants are effective, they cannot be given in combination with SSRIs.

Question 43

In the context of group therapy, Alcoholics Anonymous is an example of a(n) ________ group.

A) closed
B) prescription-only
C) ongoing
D) time-limited

Question 44

In ________ therapies, therapists apply the principles of classical and operant conditioning to treat psychological disorders.

A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic-positive
C) behavior
D) client-centered

Question 45

Leo is in psychotherapy. The therapist tells Leo to recall the recurring dream he's been having and to say whatever comes to his mind, regardless of how threatening or troubling it may seem. The aim of this process is to unlock the meaning of Leo's dream. Leo's therapist is most likely to be employing ________ therapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive-behavioral
D) humanistic

Question 46

The first choice of treatment for schizophrenia is ________.

A) psychoanalysis
B) psychosurgery
C) electroconvulsive therapy
D) drug therapy

Question 47

Identify an accurate statement about the atypical antipsychotics that are used for the treatment of schizophrenia.

A) They completely eliminate a condition called tardive dyskinesia, which consists of repetitive, involuntary movements of the jaw, tongue, face, and mouth.
B) They block a different type of dopamine receptor than the traditional antipsychotics.
C) They have unpleasant side effects such as fatigue and visual impairments.
D) They consist of phenothiazines and haloperidol, which were the first medications used to manage psychotic symptoms.

Question 48

Emma, a medical school student, is very anxious about the repayment of her student loan. She is unable to concentrate on her studies because of her anxiety and starts getting poor grades in school. If she consults a psychiatrist, which of the following drugs is most likely to be prescribed for Emma to ease her anxiety?

A) Valium
B) Psilocybin
C) Clomipramine
D) Lithium

Question 49

Which of the following is a serious side effect of using the drug clozapine for treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) Liver disease
B) Diabetes
C) Heart failure
D) Cyclothymia

Question 50

Olivia has received a master's degree in clinical psychology, and she has undergone many hours of supervised training to conduct psychological therapy sessions. She has also passed the licensing exam to become an authorized therapist. She counsels couples to deal with conflicts or difficulties. She is most likely a ________.

A) marriage and family therapist
B) clinical psychologist
C) social worker
D) psychiatrist

Question 51

Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, and Celexa are some of the more widely used ________.

A) benzodiazepines
B) barbiturates
C) tricyclic antidepressants
D) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Question 52

Which of the following therapists are often trained in education departments, receive a doctorate of education (EdD), and focus on the present rather than the past?

A) Counselors
B) Marriage and family therapists
C) Clinical psychologists
D) Psychiatrists

Question 53

The technique of free association was developed by ________.

A) Noam Chomsky
B) Otto Rank
C) Carl Jung
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 54

________ is defined as a psychotherapeutic technique in which a client takes one image or idea from a dream and says whatever comes to mind, regardless of how threatening, disgusting, or troubling it may be.

A) Free association
B) Connectionism
C) Transference
D) Mindfulness meditation

Question 55

In ________ therapies, several people who share a common problem all meet regularly with a therapist to help themselves and one another; the therapist acts as a facilitator.

A) evidence-based
B) technology-based
C) group
D) integrative

Question 56

A steady stream of recent research has confirmed the role of which gene in the development of schizophrenia?

A) Myoglobin
B) Cytochrome c
C) Haemoprotein
D) Neuregulin 1

Question 57

In ________ therapy, dream interpretation and transference are used to uncover repressed defenses and unconscious wishes.

A) psychodynamic
B) systematic desensitization
C) client-centered
D) humanistic

Question 58

Joshua, who is in therapy, has been trained to note thoughts as they occur, without clinging to them. This technique allows him to keep such thoughts or emotions in perspective. Joshua's training is called ________.

A) cognitive behavioral therapy
B) prolonged exposure therapy
C) mindfulness meditation
D) behavioral modification

Question 59

Identify the mechanism of action of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.

A) They usually impair mood.
B) They build monoamine neurotransmitters (including norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) in the brain.
C) They complement antihistamines and control blood pressure in the body.
D) They allow more of monoamine neurotransmitters to stay active in the synapse for a long time.

Question 60

Which of the following forms of treatment helps in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) Virtual reality and simulation
B) Loving-kindness meditation
C) Electroconvulsive therapy
D) Using tranquilizers to sedate the mind

Question 61

________ are trained to help people with moderate to severe psychological disorders that interfere with everyday functioning, and they assess, diagnose, and treat people with disorders.

A) Marriage and family therapists
B) Counselors
C) Clinical psychologists
D) Social workers

Question 62

Which of the following therapies offer precise access to specific areas of the brain that may allow for carefully targeted stimulation-based treatments?

A) Psychoanalytic therapy
B) Nucleonics
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Optogenetics

Question 63

Any type of psychotherapy that works to restructure irrational thought patterns is known as ________ therapy.

A) behavioral
B) humanistic-positive
C) psychoanalytic
D) cognitive

Question 64

________ is defined as a behavioral technique in which desirable behaviors are reinforced with an item, such as a small chip or fake coin, which can be exchanged for privileges.

A) Free association
B) Connectionism
C) Token economies
D) Transference

Question 65

Mike has acrophobia, an extreme fear of heights. His therapist is going to attempt to help him resolve his fear by using flooding. Which of the following is the therapist most likely planning for Mike?

A) The therapist is going to show him movies of people high up on rooftops, having fun.
B) The therapist is going to take him to the top of a 40-story building and make him look down.
C) The therapist is going to pair relaxation with gradual exposure to high places.
D) The therapist is going to find him a job in a building where he doesn't need to be on a high floor.

Question 66

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) encourages the ________ of events previously viewed as stressful.

A) projection
B) reappraisal
C) displacement
D) repression

Question 67

In the context of prevention of teen depression, the ________ is designed to prevent depression and other psychological disorders by teaching flexibility and skills for coping with stress, problem solving (flexibility in the face of adverse or challenging circumstances), and cognitive restructuring (learning to change one's perspective on events).

A) Penn Resiliency Program (PRP)
B) Head Start
C) The Carolina Abecedarian Project
D) Comprehensive Fitness Program (CFP)

Question 68

________ therapies use digitally simulated environments that create therapeutic situations that might be hard to create otherwise.

A) Integrative
B) Humanistic-positive
C) Virtual reality
D) Cognitive-behavioral

Question 69

Joanna indulges in binge eating whenever she is depressed. This has affected her health, and she is suffering from high blood cholesterol and diabetes. She consults a psychotherapist, Joseph, to diagnose and treat her psychological disorder. He promises her a reward for every pound she sheds. She can use this reward for shopping. Identify the technique used by Joseph to treat Joanna.

A) Free association
B) Token economies
C) Unconditional positive regard
D) Transference

Question 70

________ is defined as a method of treatment that can stimulate both cortical and deeper brain structures, and it is used to treat severe clinical depression.

A) Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
B) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
D) Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

Question 71

In the context of combined treatment for psychological disorders, which of the following is true of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?

A) It creates a text-based environment for therapeutic conversation between a client (the user) and therapist.
B) It is designed to help clients develop a nonjudgmental attitude toward their emotions and to accept their current behavior.
C) It focuses on changing the relationship with the internal voices rather than trying to make them go away.
D) It cultivates a sense of caring for self and others and may offer promise in the treatment of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 72

Which of the following best explains the prevailing view that existed for years, dubbed as the dopamine hypothesis?

A) Dopamine is less associated with anticipatory desire and motivation.
B) Dopamine increases the influence of the indirect pathway within the basal ganglia.
C) Schizophrenia results from an excess of dopamine in the brain.
D) Sociability is closely tied to dopamine neurotransmission.

Question 73

Which of the following drugs were discovered in the 1950s to help diminish hallucinations, confusion, agitation, and paranoia in people with schizophrenia?

A) Tricyclic antidepressants
B) Lithium
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Phenothiazines

Question 74

________ is defined as the controlled use of hallucinogens for the treatment of physical and mental disorders.

A) Psychedelic medicine
B) Psychosomatic medicine
C) Behavioral medicine
D) Psychogenic medicine

Question 75

Malik does not get along with his female supervisor. His psychotherapist observes that Malik relates to his supervisor the way he does to his youngest sister, who died a couple of months ago. In the context of psychotherapy, Malik is experiencing ________.

A) repression
B) manifest content
C) motion parallax
D) transference

Question 76

Treatment that integrates elements of cognitive behavioral therapy with exercises aimed at developing mindfulness without meditation is called ________ therapy.

A) dialectical behavior
B) acceptance
C) prolonged exposure
D) integrative cognitive

Question 77

Which of the following is the first level of exposure in systematic desensitization?

A) Conscious
B) Imagined
C) Real
D) Virtual

Question 78

Identify Sigmund Freud's two major techniques for interpreting dreams in order to uncover their unconscious content.

A) Optogenetics
B) Skeptical thought and methodic doubt
C) Free association and symbols
D) Mindfulness meditation

Question 79

Atypical antipsychotics like clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone are used to treat ________.

A) schizophrenia
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) avoidant personality disorder
D) dissociative fugue

Question 80

Ron, a patient suffering from severe depression, is being treated with psychodynamic therapy. His therapist asks him to speak about his dreams in a vivid manner. During a therapy session, Ron starts to talk about his fears and expresses his intense, unconscious emotions. In the context of psychodynamic therapy, this process is called ________.

A) catharsis
B) transference
C) tardive dyskinesia
D) systematic desensitization