Deck 13: Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Which of the following illustrates institutional discrimination?

A) A city adopts an aggressive minority-hiring program for 3 years, but in the 4^th year, the city fires all employees hired during the last three years.
B) A country club has a rule specifying that no Italians or Jews may be members.
C) A mental institution in New York will not allow residents of Connecticut or Massachusetts to receive services in the facility.
D) A manager for a men's athletic club refuses to hire women to work as attendants because they will need to go into the men's locker room.

Answer 1

A city adopts an aggressive minority-hiring program for 3 years, but in the 4^th year, the city fires all employees hired during the last three years.

Question 2

Which of the following defines affirmative action?

A) hiring larger numbers of minorities for executive positions based on their work experience and educational histories
B) allowing minority group members or women to receive jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities in larger numbers
C) positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities
D) admitting larger numbers of minorities to colleges based solely on their academic qualifications

Answer 2

positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities

Question 3

Expulsion refers to the process of

A) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or nation.
B) forcibly combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group.
C) requiring people to forsake a cultural identity in favor of a different culture.
D) systematically removing a group of people from a society.

Answer 3

systematically removing a group of people from a society.

Question 4

Which of the following is True about the contact hypothesis?

A) It states that contact between people of different classes will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes.
B) It states that interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes.
C) It views subordination as a means of regulating contact between dominant and subordinate groups.
D) It states that contact between people of the same race will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes.

Question 5

The difference between prejudice and discrimination is the same as the difference between thought and action.

Question 6

Which of the following was NOT one of the findings of Peggy McIntosh's study of Whiteness?

A) Being White made parenting easier.
B) Being White meant rarely having to step out of her comfort zone.
C) She found that her skin color opened doors for her.
D) She found that she was regularly evaluated in racial terms.

Question 7

Which of the following is considered a form of institutional discrimination?

A) a firm's prohibition against the use of part-time workers
B) a law school's policy of giving preference in admissions to children of influential alumni
C) a firm's rule that only English be spoken at work
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following defines a minority group?

A) a group that has recently arrived in their current nation of residence and has relatively few members
B) a group that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns
C) a group that is set apart from others because members possess physical differences that have taken on social significance
D) a subordinate group whose members lack access to valued resources in a society

Question 9

What country was the largest recipient of U.S. immigrant remittances in 2017?

A) India
B) Guatemala
C) China
D) Mexico

Question 10

How does the glass ceiling affect racial and ethnic minorities in the United States?

A) African Americans and Hispanics are held back from top positions, but other racial and ethnic minorities are not affected.
B) It does not have a significant impact on them.
C) It holds back members of most racial and ethnic minorities from top positions.
D) African Americans are held back from top positions, but other racial and ethnic minorities are not affected.

Question 11

The single most unifying force among Arabs is

A) their adherence to Islam.
B) the Arabic language.
C) their common political views.
D) their common cultural heritage.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is True regarding the census?

A) The goal of the Census Bureau is to provide a snapshot of race at various points in history.
B) Both answer choices are correct.
C) Neither answer choice is correct.
D) Since 2000, respondents have been allowed to select more than one race.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of prejudice?

A) Arnold prefers to hire Catholics to work in his office.
B) Mary believes that all men are pigs.
C) Dawn likes to date football players.
D) John believes that the United States is the best country in the world.

Question 14

A person loudly proclaims that "all black people are lazy, shiftless, and collect welfare." This is an example of

A) a stereotype.
B) racial development.
C) racial formation.
D) the "one-drop rule."

Question 15

As defined by sociologists, a "minority group" is a group whose membership is numerically inferior to the majority group.

Question 16

An African American who believes that African American culture is superior to all other cultures is guilty of ethnocentrism.

Question 17

President Trump's zero tolerance border enforcement policy resulted in the separation of immigrant children from their parents at the border.

Question 18

During the administration of which president(s) were there significant efforts to crack down on those entering the U.S. illegally?

A) George W. Bush
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) Barack Obama
D) Donald Trump

Question 19

Which of the following equations represents amalgamation?

A) A+ B + C = AB + AC + BC
B) A+ B + C $\rightarrow$ A
C) A+ B + C $\rightarrow$ A + B + C
D) A+ B + C $\rightarrow$ D

Question 20

The biological basis of race is questionable because the genetic variation within racial groups can be greater than that between racial groups.

Question 21

Denying equal access to opportunities and resources on the basis of group membership rather than merit or rights is known as

A) segregation.
B) discrimination.
C) stereotyping.
D) ethnocentrism.

Question 22

A White male lawyer mentors a young female Latina law student. According to the contact hypothesis, this situation would be unlikely to reduce prejudice because

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) the two people do not have equal status.
C) sexism is operating as well as racism.
D) of the difference in their ages.

Question 23

Which of the following BEST defines racism?

A) the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals because of prejudice
B) the belief that one race is supreme and that others are innately inferior
C) the systematic subordination of an entire people or nation
D) the tendency of people to respond to and act on the basis of stereotypes

Question 24

Approximately what percentage of the world's immigrants reside in the United States?

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) less than 5

Question 25

In 1896 the Supreme Court case, Plessy v. Ferguson, upheld _______ as constitutional.

A) "Separate but Equal"
B) Reconstruction
C) government segregation
D) school integration

Question 26

Briefly describe the current immigration situation on the southern U.S. border, including policies administered under the last three presidential administrations. Have the policies, in your opinion, been successful?

Question 27

The concepts of amalgamation, assimilation, and pluralism represent three possible approaches to accommodating inter-group coexistence. Compare and contrast the three as approaches. Which, in your view, represents the most promising of the three if the goal is peaceful relations among groups?

Question 28

In an effort to simplify the concept of race, the U.S. Census Board has, over time, reduced the number of possible racial categories on the census.

Question 29

Among amalgamation, assimilation, and pluralism, the approach that is most likely to allow a minority group to preserve its own culture and traditions is pluralism.

Question 30

Which of the following would not be an example of symbolic ethnicity?

A) a vague concern by Jewish Americans about the political situation in Israel
B) an Irish American who, to try something new, attends a saints' feast in an Irish American neighborhood
C) an immigrant from India who wears traditional dress and takes her children to India on an annual basis
D) a person of Italian descent who likes going to an Italian bakery, but does not speak Italian or practice any traditional Italian customs

Question 31

Legislation passed in 1882 by the U.S. Congress _____ Chinese immigration.

A) allowed
B) encouraged
C) prohibited
D) discouraged

Question 32

Differentiate between the concepts of "race" and "ethnicity." Why, if at all, is it important to make this distinction?

Question 33

Which of the following equations represents assimilation?

A) A + B + C $\rightarrow$ A
B) A + B + C $\rightarrow$ D
C) None of the answer choices are correct.
D) A + B + C $\rightarrow$ A + B + C

Question 34

When a group is considered to form a distinct subgroup within society because its members trace their heritage to a particular country and practice a certain religion, they are thought to be a(n)

A) cultural group.
B) ethnic group.
C) status group.
D) racial group.

Question 35

What term is used by sociologists to describe presumed biological differences between humans to which people attach meaning, resulting in the creation of supposed genetically distinct subgroups within the population?

A) ethnicity
B) race
C) minority
D) status

Question 36

Amalgamation refers to the process of

A) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or nation.
B) combining a majority group and a minority group biologically to form a new group.
C) systematically removing a group of people from society.
D) a person forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture.

Question 37

Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Congress passed a law that said that all airport screeners must be U.S. citizens. A significant percentage of this group was made up of legal residents who were not citizens. They were also disproportionally Latino, Black, and Asian. The citizenship requirement was not in place for other airport positions, including pilots, cabin attendants, and armed National Guardsmen. This law was an example of

A) prejudice.
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) stereotyping.
D) institutional discrimination.

Question 38

Define and explain the terms "color-blind racism" and "affirmative action." To what extent are these perspectives in conflict with each other?

Question 39

What BEST describes the process of qualifying for amnesty or asylum if one is seeking refuge in the United States?

A) lengthy and complicated
B) standardized in order to streamline steps in the process
C) straightforward (and almost always granted)
D) There is no process; amnesty and asylum are granted as a matter of principle.

Question 40

Genocide refers to the process of

A) requiring people to forsake a cultural identity in favor of a different culture.
B) forcibly combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group.
C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or nation.
D) expelling a group of people from a territory.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about racial groups in the United States is True?

A) Institutional discrimination and individual prejudice against African Americans are rooted in the history of slavery.
B) All of the answer choices are correct.
C) More than 9 million people in the United States are multiracial.
D) The three largest racial minorities are African Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans.

Question 42

Presumed cultural differences between humans to which people attach meaning resulting in the creation of supposed socially distinct subgroups within the population is/are called

A) ethnicity.
B) prestige.
C) minority groups.
D) race.

Question 43

According to a national survey, ______ of Whites now believe that anti-White discrimination is at least as common as discrimination against Blacks and other minority groups.

A) 10 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 44

Which of the following is a hate crime?

A) Lisa sells her house because a gay couple moves in next door.
B) John refuses to join the Boy Scouts because they allow homosexuals to participate.
C) Michael vandalizes a store because the owner is Latino.
D) Mary refuses to patronize a store because its owner is African American.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT considered a minority group in the United States?

A) Protestant White men
B) African American men
C) Native American women
D) Jewish women

Question 46

"Color-blind" racism involves the use of race neutrality to perpetuate existing racial inequalities.

Question 47

What is the contact hypothesis? Based on your own personal experiences of interaction with members of different groups, how plausible do you find this hypothesis? Use your own experiences to illustrate your answer.

Question 48

Recent research suggests that the concept of "race" has no scientific basis or validity. What sorts of evidence have led researchers to this conclusion? Speculate on the impact of this conclusion on issues of race and ethnicity.

Question 49

Segregation refers to the act of

A) deliberately and systematically removing the members of an ethnic, racial, or nationality group from a society.
B) combining a majority and a minority group through systematic intermarriage.
C) denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons.
D) physically separating two groups; it is often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group.

Question 50

Which U.S. president signed an Executive Order severely restricting immigration from seven predominantly Muslim nations?

A) Donald Trump
B) George W. Bush
C) George H. W. Bush
D) Barack Obama

Question 51

Which of the following victim statuses may motivate a hate crime?

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) race or ethnicity
C) sexual orientation
D) national origin

Question 52

The theory that interaction with people unlike ourselves decreases negative attitudes we may have about them is called

A) affirmative action.
B) the contact hypothesis.
C) the discrimination theory.
D) the immersion hyphothesis.

Question 53

Which of the following properly identifies Asian Americans as a group?

A) Both answers are correct.
B) They are an ethnic group.
C) Neither answer is correct.
D) They are a racial group.

Question 54

Southeast Asian Americans are accurately described as "model" or "ideal" minorities because they have a higher median income and lower rates of poverty than the majority group.

Question 55

One example of expulsion is

A) Serbian forces driving more than 1 million Croats and Muslims from their homes.
B) the French accepting refugees from Syria.
C) the destruction of the Armenian population within Turkey.
D) the Hutus confiscating the land of the Tutsi in Rwanda.

Question 56

Researchers working on the Human Genome Project have determined that all races share the same basic genetic material. Thus, they conclude that race is a social rather than scientific construct.

Question 57

Which of the following equations would represent pluralism?

A) A + B + C $\rightarrow$ A
B) None of the answer choices are correct.
C) A + B + C $\rightarrow$ A + B + C
D) A + B + C $\rightarrow$ D

Question 58

According to the "contact hypothesis," racial tensions increase when individuals from different racial groups are forced to work together on a common task.

Question 59

In California, between 1846 and 1873, the Native American population of approximately 150,000 was reduced to about

A) 5,000.
B) 100,000.
C) 30,000.
D) 75,000.

Question 60

The belief that Asian Americans are a model minority group

A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) accurately reflects their superior economic status.
C) reflects the lack of economic achievement by other minority groups.
D) minimizes the degree of diversity within this population.

Question 61

Which of the following would NOT be considered discrimination?

A) Sue refuses to hire Jane because she is poor.
B) Jane, who is poor, vandalizes the cars of rich people because she believes they are snobs.
C) Sue proclaims that all poor people are criminals.
D) Sue refuses to give Jane a ride to work because Jane is poor.