Deck 5: Business Analytics With Goal Programming

Question 1

In a goal programming model, some of the goals cannot be achieved.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A goal programming model seeks to meet its goals in the order of their priority.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In a goal programming model, goal priority indicates the order of importance for achieving each goal.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In a goal programming model, two different goals must have two different priorities.

Question 5

Goal programming models require a new set of decision variables in addition to the typical linear programming variables.

Question 6

When formulating a goal programming model, the decision maker uses decision variables similar to those used in regular linear or nonlinear programming models.

Question 7

The variety of Big Data allows the decision maker to analyze business problems from many dimensions and for multiple goals.

Question 8

The experience of the decision maker in specific business settings can be used as a criterion for establishing goal priorities.

Question 9

The following two sets of priorities assume the same priorities: {P1 = 300, P2 = 300, P3 = 20, and P4 = 10} and {P1 = 30, P2 = 30, P3 = 2, and P4 = 1}.

Question 10

The following two sets assume different priorities: {P1 = 300, P2 = 300, P3 = 20, and P4 = 10} and {P1 = 30, P2 = 30, and P3 = 2}.

Question 11

Goal programming variables include functional and deviational variables.

Question 12

The objective function of a goal programming model includes only functional variables.

Question 13

Functional variables are the only variables included in the set of non-negativity constraints of a goal programming model.

Question 14

Positive deviational variables represent the underachievement of a given priority goal.

Question 15

Functional deviational variables represent the underachievement of a given priority goal.

Question 16

Positive deviational variables represent the overachievement of a given priority goal.

Question 17

Functional deviational variables represent the overachievement of a given priority goal.

Question 18

Goal programming constraints are always "equal to" constraints.

Question 19

Formulating the problem as a simple linear programming model is the first step when formulating a goal programming model.

Question 20

Writing goal programming and system constraints is the first step when formulating a goal programming model.

Question 21

Adding non-negativity constraints for functional and deviational variables is a step when formulating a goal programming model.

Question 22

When formulating a goal programming model, the decision maker will use decision variables similar to those used in regular linear or nonlinear programming models. In goal programming models, these variables are known as functional variables.

Question 23

When formulating a goal programming model, the decision maker will use decision variables similar to those used in regular linear or nonlinear programming models. In goal programming models, these variables are known as deviational variables.

Question 24

When formulating a goal programming model, the decision maker will use constraints similar to those used in regular linear or nonlinear programming models. In goal programming models, these constraints are known system constraints.

Question 25

When formulating a goal programming model, the decision maker will use constraints similar to those used in regular linear or nonlinear programming models. In goal programming models, these constraints are known deviational constraints.

Question 26

Nonlinear programming models cannot be transformed into goal programming models due to their complexity.

Question 27

Goal programming models seek to optimize

A) A single goal with a single objective function.
B) Multiple goals with a single objective function.
C) A single goal with multiple objective functions.
D) Multiple goals with multiple objective functions.

Question 28

Goal programming models have the potential to emerge as a primary data analytics tool for practitioners in the era of Big Data because

A) They include multiple goals.
B) They are relatively easy to formulate.
C) They are relatively easy to solve.
D) All of the above

Question 29

A linear goal programming model can be formulated as:

A) A single linear programming model.
B) A series of connected nonlinear programming models.
C) A single nonlinear programming model.
D) All of the above

Question 30

Goal programming models have several components. Which of the following is not one of these components?

A) A minimization objective function
B) A maximization objective function
C) A set of goal programming constraints
D) An optional set of system constraints
E) Non-negativity constraints

Question 31

The aspiration level in a goal programming model indicates:

A) The desired or acceptable level for the objective function.
B) The desired or acceptable level for a specific goal.
C) The initial values for multiple goals.
D) All of the above

Question 32

Goal deviation in a goal programming model indicates:

A) The difference between the aspiration level and the actual accomplishment for each goal.
B) The deviation between the aspiration level and the value of the objective function.
C) The absolute deviation between the aspiration level and the value of the objective function.
D) All of the above

Question 33

A goal is met when its goal deviation in a goal programming model is:

A) Not zero.
B) Negative.
C) Zero.
D) Positive.

Question 34

Ideally, in a goal programming model, all deviations should be zero, though that is often not the case because:

A) Goal programming models often have conflicting constraints.
B) Goal programming models often have a single objective function.
C) Goal programming models always have a single objective function.
D) All of the above

Question 35

Which of the following cannot be used as a criterion for establishing priorities?

A) Experience or preferences of the decision maker in specific business settings
B) Potential penalties for not achieving a goal
C) The value of goal deviations
D) All of the above can be used to establish priorities.

Question 36

Which of the following sets of priorities is not the same as {P1 = 300, P2 = 300, P3 = 20, and P4 = 10}?

A) {P1 = 300, P2 = 300, P3 = 20, and P4 = 10}
B) {P1 = 30, P2 = 30, P3 = 2, and P4 = 1}
C) {P1 = 3, P2 = 3, P3 = 0.2, and P4 = 0.1}
D) All of the above sets of priorities are the same as {P1 = 300, P2 = 300, P3 = 20, and P4 = 10}.

Question 37

Which of the following sets of priorities is not the same as {P1 = 5, P2 = 2, and P3 = 2}?

A) {P1 = 500, P2 = 200, and P3 = 200}
B) {P1 = 60, P2 = 30, and P3 = 30}
C) {P1 = 0.5, P2 = 0.2, and P3 =0.2}
D) All of the above sets of priorities are the same as {P1 = 5, P2 = 2, and P3 = 2}.

Question 38

Goal programming variables can include any of the following except:

A) Functional variables.
B) Positive deviational variables.
C) Negative deviational variables.
D) Priority variables.
E) All of the above are goal programming variables.

Question 39

Which of the following variables can be included in the objective function of a goal programming model?

A) Functional variables
B) Deviational variables
C) Priority variables
D) All of the above

Question 40

Which of the following variables is included in the set of non-negativity constraints of a goal programming model?

A) Functional variables
B) Deviational variables
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 41

Which of the following variables represents the underachievement of a given priority goal?

A) Functional variables
B) Positive deviational variables
C) Negative deviational variables
D) Priority variables
E) All of the above

Question 42

Which of the following variables represents the overachievement of a given priority goal?

A) Functional variables
B) Positive deviational variables
C) Negative deviational variables
D) Priority variables
E) Any of the above can represent the underachievement of a priority goal.

Question 43

Which of the following goal programming constraints is always an "equal to" constraint?

A) Time constraints
B) System constraints
C) Goal programming constraints
D) All constraints in a goal programming model are "equal to" constraints.

Question 44

Which of the following is not a suggested step when formulating a goal programming model?

A) Formulating problem as a simple LP model
B) Defining deviational variables for each goal
C) Writing goal programming and system constraints
D) Adding non-negativity constraints for functional and deviational variables
E) All of the above are steps for formulating a goal programming model.

Question 45

Which of the following is not a suggested step when formulating a goal programming model?

A) Formulating the problem as a simple LP model
B) Determining variables to be minimized in the objective function
C) Writing goal programming and system constraints
D) Add non-negativity constraints for functional and deviational variables
E) All of the above are steps for formulating a goal programming model.

Question 46

When formulating a goal programming model, the decision maker will use decision variables similar to those used in regular linear or nonlinear programming models. In goal programming models, these variables are known as:

A) Functional variables.
B) Deviational variables.
C) Priority variables.
D) Any of the above

Question 47

When formulating a goal programming model, the decision maker will use constraints similar to those used in regular linear or nonlinear programming models. In goal programming models, these constraints are known as:

A) System constraints
B) Deviational constraints
C) Priority constraints
D) Any of the above

Question 48

Which of the following mathematical programming models can be transformed into their respective goal programming models, provided that the decision maker wants to seek the achievement of more than one goal?

A) Linear programming models
B) Nonlinear programming models
C) Integer programming models
D) All of the above