Deck 16: Reproductive Systems

Question 1

A k-selected species

A) produces a large number of young.
B) provides minimal nourishment to its offspring.
C) has low offspring survival.
D) demonstrates high parental involvement.

Answer 1

demonstrates high parental involvement.

Question 2

Which of the following is ovoviviparous?

A) some sharks
B) all birds
C) guppies
D) rattlesnakes
E) all of these

Answer 2

all of these

Question 3

Which of the following is not a secondary sexual characteristic?

A) colored feathers
B) body configuration
C) sexual weaponry
D) hair distribution
E) sensory sensilla

Answer 3

sensory sensilla

Question 4

Birds derive seminal fluid from the

A) seminiferous tubules.
B) vasa efferentia.
C) vas deferens.
D) seminiferous tubules and vasa efferentia.
E) seminiferous tubules and vas deferens.

Question 5

The copulatory plug

A) can be found in certain insects.
B) prevents semen from escaping from the female reproductive tract.
C) lasts until the offspring are born.
D) can be found in certain insects and prevents semen from escaping the female reproductive tract.
E) all of these.

Question 6

Which organ stores sperm in insect reproductive systems?

A) ovariole
B) ovipositor
C) spermatophore
D) germarium
E) spermatheca

Question 7

Juvenille hormone (JH)

A) is involved in oogenesis.
B) is involved in vitellogenesis.
C) is involved in oogenesis and vitellogenesis.
D) is not involved in either of these.

Question 8

In mammals, gonadal differentiation is determined by

A) genotypic sex.
B) gonadal sex.
C) the presence or absence of the Y chromosome.
D) the presence or absence of the X chromosome.
E) the presence or absence of specific hormones.

Question 9

What effect does the presence of Mullerian inhibiting substance have on fetal development?

A) development of male organs
B) development of Wolffian ducts
C) degeneration of Mullerian ducts
D) development of female organs
E) none of these

Question 10

Before birth testosterone is responsible for

A) promoting the descent of testes.
B) maintenance of the reproductive tract.
C) controlling gonadotropin secretion.
D) all of these.

Question 11

Testosterone

A) stimulates bone growth.
B) prevents bone growth by stimulating the closure of the growth plates.
C) has an effect on aggression in males.
D) two of these.
E) all of these.

Question 12

The acrosome of the mammalian spermatozoa is

A) an enzyme containing vesicle.
B) responsible for lysing the outer egg covering.
C) a derivative of the golgi.
D) all of these.

Question 13

Sertoli cells

A) are epithelial cells.
B) span the distance from the outer membrane of the tubule to the lumen.
C) are joined by tight junctions.
D) form gap junctions with the developing sperm.
E) all of these.

Question 14

Which of the following secrete an alkaline fluid that increases sperm viability?

A) prostate gland
B) vesicular glands
C) bulbourethral glands
D) seminal vesicles

Question 15

Primary oocytes are

A) haploid.
B) diploid.
C) anovulatory.
D) released from the primary follicle.

Question 16

The first meiotic division of the primary oocyte is completed

A) after fertilization.
B) before ovulation.
C) after ovulation.
D) in the fallopian tube.
E) in the uterus.

Question 17

Which of the following constitutes the primordial follicle?

A) primary oocyte
B) polar body
C) granulosa cells
D) primary oocyte and polar body
E) primary oocyte and granulose cells

Question 18

Which of the following hormones is responsible for causing the differentiation of follicular cells and the formation of a mature follicle?

A) LH
B) FSH
C) GnRH
D) Oocyte maturation-inhibition substance

Question 19

The LH surge associated with ovulation is triggered by

A) a rise in progesterone levels.
B) a positive feedback cycle with estrogen.
C) a negative feedback cycle with FSH.
D) changes in the follicle as it transitions to the corpus luteum.

Question 20

Which of the following hormones passes the blood brain barrier and is converted to estradiol?

A) testosterone
B) androgen
C) aromatase
D) estrogen

Question 21

Rejection of the embryo/fetus

A) is blocked by Fas ligand binding to cytotoxic T cells causing apoptosis of these cells.
B) is blocked by the destruction of tryptophan.
C) is blocked by an increase in the number of regulatory T cells.
D) all of these.

Question 22

What is the importance of cytoplasmic bridges formed between spermatocytes?

A) X bearing sperm cannot produce all cell products necessary for survival of the cell.
B) Y bearing cells have a greater amount of chromosomes.
C) They permit cytoplasmic exchange between the cells.
D) All of these.

Question 23

The regulation of testosterone production is a result of LH acting on

A) Sertoli cells.
B) androgen binding protein.
C) follicular cells.
D) Leydig cells.
E) the hypothalamus.

Question 24

Which of the following is not a function of the vesicular glands?

A) provides fibrinolysin
B) secretion of prostaglandins
C) fructose suppliers
D) provides the majority of semen volume
E) secretion of fibrinogen

Question 25

Which of the following is a function of estrogen in the mammalian reproductive system?

A) lactation
B) sexual receptiveness
C) ova maturation
D) sperm transport
E) all of these

Question 26

Which of the following is a type of environmental estrogen?

A) EDCs
B) androgen
C) phsytoestrogen
D) EDCs and androgen
E) EDCs and phystoestrogen

Question 27

The estrous cycle

A) occurs in mammals.
B) is also referred to as an animal in heat.
C) refers to the events that occur in the ovary leading up to and including ovulation.
D) lasts about 28 days.
E) none of these.

Question 28

Which of the following characteristics is indicative of the luteal phase?

A) maturing follicles
B) reduced secretion of FSH
C) corpus luteum
D) ovulatory follicle
E) formation of antrum

Question 29

The LH surge during ovulation does not

A) initiate local prostaglandin production.
B) stimulate the production of the Graafian follicle.
C) end estrogen production by the follicular cell.
D) reinitiate meiosis.
E) trigger differentiation of follicular cells to luteal cells.

Question 30

The hormonal pathway in the reproduction of nonviviparous vertebrates is activated by

A) environmental cues.
B) day length.
C) pheromones.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.

Question 31

What protein is the major precursor of yolk in hen oocyte development?

A) LH
B) GnRH
C) VLDL
D) AVT
E) GTH-2

Question 32

Which of the following describes the asynchronous mode of teleost oocyte development?

A) multiple spawners; prolonged season
B) multiple spawners; short season
C) single spawners; prolonged season
D) single spawners, short season
E) none of these

Question 33

Which of the following has effects similar to LH in teleost reproduction?

A) GTH-1
B) MIH
C) GTH-2
D) AVT
E) GnRH

Question 34

Which of the following has effects similar to FSH in teleost reproduction?

A) GTH-1
B) MIH
C) GTH-2
D) AVT
E) GnRH

Question 35

Which of the following placental hormones helps direct maternal use of fatty acids?

A) placental lactogen
B) chorionic gonadotropin
C) Progesterone
D) estrogen
E) PTHrp

Question 36

The release of estrogen affects the endometrium by

A) loosening the endometrial connective tissue which favors implantation.
B) preventing the initiation of the menstrual cycle.
C) inducing the production of progesterone receptors.
D) inducing growth of endometrial blood vessels.
E) inducing the endometrial glands to secrete glycogen for fetal development.

Question 37

Which of the following is a source of endocrine disrupting chemicals?

A) insecticides
B) food preservatives
C) plastic softeners
D) pesticides
E) all of these

Question 38

Some fish and arthropods have micropiles by which sperm reach the ovum.

Question 39

Rat pups, which are considered to be precocial, are dependent upon parental care for
survival.

Question 40

The infundibulum is actively involved in "catching" the egg released from the ovary.

Question 41

P450 aromatase is responsible for feminization of the hypothalamus so that a female
pattern of hormone secretion occurs.

Question 42

The X chromosome and not the Y chromosome codes for cellular products essential for
sperm development.

Question 43

In lizards and snakes the penis is an extension of the cloaca.

Question 44

Tonic LH secretion is reduced to low frequency by increasing concentrations of FSH.

Question 45

A subnormal luteal phase is defined by low secretion of estrogen.

Question 46

The outermost layer of the blastocyst, the trophoectoderm, is responsible for
accomplishing implantation.

Question 47

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:

-Rheostasis

A) Regulated changes
B) Egg laying
C) Eggs within body
D) Live birth, no egg
E) Reproductive quiescence
F) Development without fertilization
G) Male becomes female
H) Female becomes male
I) Infertile
J) Follicle degeneration

Question 48

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:

-Oviparity

A) Regulated changes
B) Egg laying
C) Eggs within body
D) Live birth, no egg
E) Reproductive quiescence
F) Development without fertilization
G) Male becomes female
H) Female becomes male
I) Infertile
J) Follicle degeneration

Question 49

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:

-Ovoviviparity

A) Regulated changes
B) Egg laying
C) Eggs within body
D) Live birth, no egg
E) Reproductive quiescence
F) Development without fertilization
G) Male becomes female
H) Female becomes male
I) Infertile
J) Follicle degeneration

Question 50

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:

-Viviparity

A) Regulated changes
B) Egg laying
C) Eggs within body
D) Live birth, no egg
E) Reproductive quiescence
F) Development without fertilization
G) Male becomes female
H) Female becomes male
I) Infertile
J) Follicle degeneration

Question 51

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:

-Anestrus

A) Regulated changes
B) Egg laying
C) Eggs within body
D) Live birth, no egg
E) Reproductive quiescence
F) Development without fertilization
G) Male becomes female
H) Female becomes male
I) Infertile
J) Follicle degeneration

Question 52

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:

-Parthenogenesis

A) Regulated changes
B) Egg laying
C) Eggs within body
D) Live birth, no egg
E) Reproductive quiescence
F) Development without fertilization
G) Male becomes female
H) Female becomes male
I) Infertile
J) Follicle degeneration

Question 53

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:

-Protoandry

A) Regulated changes
B) Egg laying
C) Eggs within body
D) Live birth, no egg
E) Reproductive quiescence
F) Development without fertilization
G) Male becomes female
H) Female becomes male
I) Infertile
J) Follicle degeneration

Question 54

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:

-Protogyny

A) Regulated changes
B) Egg laying
C) Eggs within body
D) Live birth, no egg
E) Reproductive quiescence
F) Development without fertilization
G) Male becomes female
H) Female becomes male
I) Infertile
J) Follicle degeneration

Question 55

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:

-Freemartin

A) Regulated changes
B) Egg laying
C) Eggs within body
D) Live birth, no egg
E) Reproductive quiescence
F) Development without fertilization
G) Male becomes female
H) Female becomes male
I) Infertile
J) Follicle degeneration

Question 56

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:

-Atresia

A) Regulated changes
B) Egg laying
C) Eggs within body
D) Live birth, no egg
E) Reproductive quiescence
F) Development without fertilization
G) Male becomes female
H) Female becomes male
I) Infertile
J) Follicle degeneration

Question 57

Sex determination is not the same for all organisms. Discuss sex determination in birds,
nonavian reptiles, urodele amphibians, and insects.

Question 58

Discuss how seasonal breeding, synchronization, and mating behaviors are important
factors in animal reproduction.

Question 59

Discuss the involvement of the hormones prolactin and oxytocin in the lactation process
of mammals.

Question 60

List the steps associated follicular development of the oocyte from its formation to its degeneration or formation as the corpus luteum of pregnancy.