Deck 16: Appraising Trustworthiness and Integrity in Qualitative Research

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Narrative materials tend to be linear, which simplifies the coding process.
B) Qualitative researchers typically develop a category scheme before they collect their data.
C) CAQDAS is available for coding, organizing, and retrieving qualitative data.
D) Content analysis is the analytic method used in phenomenologic studies.

Answer 1

CAQDAS is available for coding, organizing, and retrieving qualitative data.

Question 2

Steps generally employed in the management and analysis of qualitative data include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A) Testing hypotheses
B) Searching for recurrent themes and patterns
C) Validating themes and patterns
D) Developing a category scheme

Answer 2

Searching for recurrent themes and patterns
Validating themes and patterns
Developing a category scheme

Question 3

Quasi-statistics are essentially a method of which of the following?

A) Statistical analysis
B) Validation
C) Thematic generation
D) Constant comparison

Answer 3

Validation

Question 4

Spradley's method includes which type of data analysis? Select all that apply.

A) Domain analysis
B) Taxonomic analysis
C) Componential analysis
D) Statistical analysis

Question 5

Validation of themes by conferring with study participants was specifically considered inappropriate by whom?

A) Colaizzi
B) Giorgi
C) Glaser
D) Strauss

Question 6

An alternative to Spradley's approach to produce and analyze ethnographic data was developed by whom?

A) Leininger
B) Van Manen
C) Colaizzi
D) Giorgi

Question 7

Diekelmann and colleagues proposed a 7-stage process of hermeneutic analysis that includes the identification of which of the following?

A) An appropriate metaphor
B) A constitutive pattern
C) A hermeneutic circle
D) An exemplar

Question 8

The process referred to as constant comparison involves which of the following?

A) Comparing two researchers' interpretation of the data
B) Comparing the researchers' interpretation of the data against study participants' interpretation
C) Comparing elements present in one data source with those in another
D) Comparing data from the study with data and categories from other similar studies

Question 9

In the Strauss and Corbin approach to grounded theory, the initial process of breaking down, categorizing, and coding the data is often referred to as which of the following?

A) Axial coding
B) Core coding
C) Open coding
D) Selective coding

Question 10

Selective coding in Glaserian approach to grounded theory studies begins when which of the following occurs?

A) Constant comparison has ended
B) Data saturation has occurred
C) Memos have been prepared
D) A core category has been identified

Question 11

Constructivist grounded theory is an approach developed by whom?

A) Charmaz
B) Glaser
C) Strauss
D) Corbin

Question 12

Which of the following is a significant challenge in qualitative analysis?

A) Mastering the standard procedures for analyzing qualitative data
B) Lack of narrative materials to analyze
C) Reducing data for reporting purposes
D) Deducing particulars from a universal

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the purpose of constant comparison?

A) To identify commonalities among elements present in one data source with those in another
B) To describe the essential nature of an experience
C) To find patterns in the behavior and thoughts of participants
D) To fit concepts with the incidents they are representing

Question 14

In qualitative data analysis, which element can be used as an analytic strategy?

A) Management
B) Metaphors
C) Conceptualization
D) Constructivism

Question 15

Which of the following is an activity involved in qualitative content analysis? Select all that apply.

A) Breaking down data into smaller units
B) Coding and naming units according to the content they represent
C) Collecting information on participants
D) Grouping coded material based on shared concepts

Question 16

Phenomenology most fundamentally involves a search for which of the following?

A) A core category from open coding
B) Intersubjective agreement among judges
C) Thematic descriptions from artistic sources
D) Common patterns shared by particular instances

Question 17

The Duquesne School of Phenomenology is based on the philosophy of which of the following?

A) Colaizzi
B) Van Kaam
C) Husserl
D) Giorgi

Question 18

Which of the following is the first stage of Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner's (1989) process of data analysis in hermeneutics?

A) Interpretive summaries of each interview are written.
B) A team of researchers analyzes selected transcribed interviews or texts.
C) All the interviews or texts are read for an overall understanding.
D) Common meanings and shared practices are identified by comparing and contrasting the text.

Question 19

What is the primary outcome of Strauss and Corbin's (2008) approach to grounded theory?

A) A theory of how a social problem is processed
B) A full conceptual description
C) A central category
D) A core category

Question 20

Which of the following accurately describes a task that computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software can accomplish? Select all that apply.

A) Code interview portions and observational records
B) Facilitate examination of relationships between codes
C) Inform the researcher of how best to analyze the data
D) Allow retrieval of portions of text corresponding to specified codes for analysis

Question 21

The primary goal of ethnography is which of the following?

A) To identify and categorize descriptors
B) To abstract major themes
C) To find patterns in the behavior and thoughts of participants
D) To collect, describe, and record data

Question 22

Which of the following is the final phase of Leininger and McFarland's (2006) ethnonursing data analysis guide?

A) Abstract major themes and present findings
B) Identify and categorize descriptors
C) Analyze data to discover repetitive patterns in their context
D) Collect, describe, and record data

Question 23

Which of the following is the correct order of tasks in organizing and managing narrative data for qualitative analysis?

A) 1. Organize the data; 2. develop a category scheme; 3. read and code the data; 4. check the accuracy of transcribed data
B) 1. Develop a category scheme; 2. check the accuracy of transcribed data; 3. read and code the data; 4. organize the data
C) 1. Check the accuracy of transcribed data; 2. develop a category scheme; 3. read and code the data; 4. organize the data
D) 1. Read and code the data; 2. develop a category scheme; 3. check the accuracy of transcribed data; 4. organize the data

Question 24

Which of the following can best facilitate researchers' search for themes?

A) Charting devices
B) Detailed coding
C) Quasi-statistics
D) Computer software

Question 25

Why does a researcher introduce quasi-statistics?

A) As an analytic strategy
B) To validate and refine themes
C) As a taxonomic analysis
D) To provide an overall structure