Deck 17: Learning From Systematic Reviews

Question 1

Which of the following terms is especially controversial among qualitative researchers?

A) Dependability
B) Validity
C) Transferability
D) Credibility

Answer 1

Validity

Question 2

Which of the following are terms that are considered aspects of trustworthiness within the Lincoln and Guba framework? Select all that apply.

A) Transferability
B) Confirmability
C) Stability
D) Dependability

Answer 2

Transferability
Confirmability
Dependability

Question 3

The criterion that refers to neutrality or objectivity in qualitative inquiry is which of the following?

A) Credibility
B) Transferability
C) Authenticity
D) Confirmability

Answer 3

Confirmability

Question 4

Which criterion is considered analogous to internal validity in the Lincoln & Guba framework?

A) Credibility
B) Transferability
C) Dependability
D) Confirmability

Question 5

If both in-depth interviews and participant observations were used to collect data on a phenomenon in a study, this would be referred to as which of the following?

A) Data triangulation
B) Investigator triangulation
C) Theory triangulation
D) Method triangulation

Question 6

If a researcher studying family response to adolescent suicide interviewed parents and siblings independently, the triangulation approach method would be called which of the following?

A) Data triangulation
B) Investigator triangulation
C) Theory triangulation
D) Method triangulation

Question 7

A member check involves the researcher reviewing data with which of the following?

A) An external auditor
B) A peer of the researcher
C) A study participant
D) A second member of the research team

Question 8

The maintenance of good, thorough documentation and a decision trail is especially critical in which of the following?

A) Member checks
B) Stepwise replications
C) Negative case analysis
D) Inquiry audits

Question 9

A quality-enhancement strategy about which there is considerable controversy is which of the following?

A) Member checks
B) Stepwise replications
C) Negative case analysis
D) Inquiry audits

Question 10

The term trustworthiness in qualitative research parallels which of the following terms used in quantitative research? Select all that apply.

A) Generalizability
B) Validity
C) Reliability
D) Correlation

Question 11

Which of the following is characteristic of qualitative research? Select all that apply.

A) It is consistent with the constructivist paradigm of inquiry.
B) It generates causal hypotheses.
C) It tests hypotheses.
D) It involves an iterative process of interpretation and analysis.

Question 12

Credibility in qualitative research refers to which of the following?

A) The reliability of data over time
B) Objectivity of the interpretation of the data
C) Applicability of the data to other groups
D) Confidence in the truth value of the data

Question 13

Confirmability in qualitative research refers to which of the following?

A) The reliability of data over time
B) Objectivity of the interpretation of the data
C) Applicability of the data to other groups
D) Confidence in the truth value of the data

Question 14

The term transferability in qualitative research is similar to which term used in quantitative research?

A) Authenticity
B) Reliability
C) Generalizability
D) Correlation

Question 15

Which of the following statements about qualitative research methods is true?

A) Peer debriefings in qualitative research provide proof that interpretations are correct.
B) Qualitative research attempts to test hypotheses generated from quantitative research.
C) Interpretation and analysis of qualitative data typically occur simultaneously.
D) Qualitative research methods are best suited to study well-known phenomenon.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about controversies in qualitative research is true?

A) Unlike quantitative research methods, qualitative research methods do not require rigorous study designs.
B) There is lack of consensus regarding the quality criteria for qualitative inquiry.
C) There is no "gold standard" in qualitative research criteria.
D) There is no comparable criterion in qualitative research for the positivists' criterion of internal validity.

Question 17

Which of the following is a barrier that qualitative researchers face in demonstrating the trustworthiness of their studies to readers?

A) Page limitations imposed by journals
B) Reflexivity
C) Lack of generalizability
D) Small sample sizes

Question 18

A nurse-midwife conducted a phenomenology study of the lived experience of women in Haiti who gave birth following the 2010 Haitian earthquake. She collected data from 15 women over a 12-month period of time. Which quality-enhancement strategy is described in this example?

A) Persistent observation
B) Prolonged engagement
C) Reflexivity
D) Data triangulation

Question 19

A nurse working in an adolescent health clinic conducted a grounded theory study related to contraceptive decision-making in Latina youth. She collected data from individual interviews and focus groups. Which of the following quality-enhancement strategies is described in this example?

A) Persistent observation
B) Prolonged engagement
C) Reflexivity
D) Data triangulation

Question 20

A nurse working in an inner-city clinic conducted an ethnographic study of sex workers to gain understanding of factors related to HIV risk for these women. After she completed her data collection, she gave three participants feedback about her findings for their review and commentary. Which of the following quality-enhancement strategies is described in this example?

A) Audit trail
B) Data triangulation
C) Reflexivity
D) Member checking

Question 21

Which of the following quality-enhancement strategies has the greatest potential for leading to erroneous conclusions about the data?

A) Member checking
B) Audit trail
C) Reflexivity
D) Data triangulation

Question 22

In qualitative research, investigator triangulation is comparable to which quantitative research concept?

A) Content validity
B) Construct validity
C) Inter-rater reliability
D) Internal consistency

Question 23

The proper rationale for searching for and including disconfirming evidence is which of the following?

A) To eliminate confounding cases from data analysis
B) To refine a hypothesis or theory
C) To confirm saturation of the data
D) To formulate a conclusion based on existing data

Question 24

Which of the following is true of thick description in qualitative research?

A) It should not include verbatim quotes from participants.
B) It should not include information that can be interpreted as controversial.
C) It should be implicit in the description of the research context.
D) It should avoid emotional impact.