Deck 14: Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer

Question 1

Sickle-cell anemia is a human disease that occurs as a result of what type of mutation in the b-globin gene?

A) silent
B) missense
C) nonsense
D) frameshift
E) sense

Answer 1

missense

Question 2

A researcher determined that a strain of E. coli is producing a shortened version of a protein required for glucose metabolism. What type of mutation could be responsible for this shorter than normal protein?

A) nonsense mutation
B) missense mutation
C) silent mutation
D) sense mutation
E) frameshift mutation

Answer 2

nonsense mutation

Question 3

All of the following are chemical mutations EXCEPT

A) nitrogen mustard.
B) X-rays.
C) ethyl methanesulfonate.
D) hydroxylamine.
E) nitrous acid.

Answer 3

X-rays.

Question 4

Which of the following LEAST belongs with the others?

A) thymine dimer
B) UvrA protein
C) direct repair
D) nucleotide excision repair
E) UvrC protein

Question 5

Which of the following statements about methyl-directed mismatch repair systems is FALSE?

A) Methyl-directed mismatch repair systems require the concerted actions of several proteins.
B) Methyl-directed mismatch repair systems require exonucleases.
C) Methyl-directed mismatch repair systems are most often used to correct pyrimidine dimers.
D) Methyl-directed mismatch repair systems exist in all species.
E) Methyl-directed mismatch repair systems require incorrectly matched base pairs in the DNA.

Question 6

What is the function of the MutS protein in methyl-directed mismatch repair?

A) To excise the mismatched basepair.
B) To find mismatches.
C) To directly bind the DNA polymerase.
D) To make a cut in the nonmethylated DNA strand.
E) To digest the nonmethylated DNA strand.

Question 7

Which of the following cellular proteins is NOT a part of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)/EGF receptor signaling pathway that leads to cell division?

A) GRB2, Sos, and Ras
B) Raf-1
C) MAPK
D) Myc and Fos-Jun
E) MutS

Question 8

Which of the following proteins is a transcriptional factor that binds genes and regulates the transcription of genes that promote cell division?

A) GRB2
B) epidermal growth factor
C) myc
D) raf-1
E) MAPK

Question 9

MAPK and MEK are intracellular signaling proteins that mediate cell division induced by growth factors. When mutations in the normal MAPK and MEK genes result in an abnormally high level of MAPK and MEK activity and increases in the rate of cell division, then the mutated gene is called a(n)

A) spliceosome.
B) transposon.
C) tumor-suppressor gene.
D) oncogene.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

_______ can convert proto-oncogenes into oncogenes.

A) Gene amplifications
B) Nonsense mutations
C) Chromosomal translocations
D) Missense mutations
E) Retroviral insertions

Question 11

A physician discovered a cancerous tumor in the cartilage of a patient. What type of tumor is this?

A) myoloma
B) retroviral
C) sarcoma
D) leukemia
E) cyst

Question 12

Which of the following is the cancer of epithelial cells?

A) sarcoma
B) lymphoma
C) leukemia
D) carcinoma
E) myoloma

Question 13

All of the following tumor-suppressor genes inhibit cell division EXCEPT

A) BRCA1.
B) Rb.
C) NF1.
D) p16.
E) Rb and p16.

Question 14

Which of the following viruses can cause cancer?

A) Rous sarcoma virus
B) hepatits B
C) papillomavirus
D) Epstein-Barr virus
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Should a genetic abnormality arise, ________ prevent a cell from progressing uncontrollably through the cell cycle.

A) cis-acting elements
B) checkpoint proteins
C) trans-acting elements
D) growth factors
E) Ras's