Deck 13: Indigenous Offenders

Question 1

Which term reflects Indigenous people's pervasive poverty, high rates of unemployment, low levels of formal education, substandard housing, high death rates from accidents and violence, all of which may lead to their involvement in the criminal justice and corrections systems?

A) marginalization
B) abject poverty
C) resultant colonization
D) regressive social norms

Answer 1

marginalization

Question 2

Of the total federal inmate population, what percentage are Indigenous people?

A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 30%
D) 35%

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

Of the total provincial/territorial inmate population, what percentage are Indigenous people?

A) 17%
B) 26%
C) 37%
D) 47%

Answer 3

26%

Question 4

What percentage of incarcerated women offenders are Indigenous people?

A) 25-30%
B) 31-35%
C) 36-38%
D) 77-86%

Question 5

What percentage of youth admissions to youth correctional services are Indigenous people?

A) 13%
B) 18%
C) 28%
D) 33%

Question 6

What percentage of incarcerated youth are Indigenous people?

A) 12%
B) 13%
C) 22%
D) 40%

Question 7

What percentage of offenders designated as Dangerous Offenders are Indigenous people?

A) 20%
B) 26%
C) 31%
D) 38%

Question 8

An Indigenous male has been convicted of an offence and sentenced to federal time. Compared with a non-Indigenous offender, at what level of security is he more likely to be classified?

A) minimum security
B) medium security
C) maximum security
D) intensive supervision restrictions

Question 9

What was the effect of the R v. Gladue decision on the rate of Indigenous people in correctional institutions?

A) NO effect on their over-representation
B) a minor effect on their over-representation
C) a significant effect on their over-representation
D) The Gladue decision has NOT yet been invoked.

Question 10

Which personal circumstances best describe a typical Indigenous woman inmate who has a previous criminal record and has previously served time?

A) 18 years old, single, grade 10, NO kids
B) 23 years old, married, grade 8, 2 to 3 kids
C) 25 years old, married, grade 12, NO kids
D) 27 years old, single, grade 9, 2 to 3 kids

Question 11

Which significant issue affects a high percentage of Indigenous women and has led to their interaction with the criminal justice system?

A) the influence of alcohol or drugs
B) committing crimes under peer pressure
C) using crime to cover up their emotional disturbances
D) feelings of rejection by family and friends

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the inability of Canada's courts and correctional system to adequately address the cultural ideals of Canada's Indigenous population?

A) the criminal justice system adversarial system
B) the colonization aspect of Canadian history
C) the European justice antecedent
D) the modernization of technology

Question 13

Which term refers to the response to the needs of both the offender and the community, as experienced at healing lodges, where offenders receive individualized programming, engage with the community and Elders, and partake in Indigenous teachings and ceremonies?

A) the religious approach
B) the balanced approach
C) the cultural approach
D) the holistic approach

Question 14

Which term is defined as "an initiative of the Correctional Service of Canada designed to connect Indigenous offenders with their communities, traditions, and cultures, beginning in the institution and continuing on conditional release in the community"?

A) Indigenous Throughcare Initiative
B) Indigenous Offender Circle of Care
C) Integrated Correctional Program Model
D) Indigenous Corrections Continuum of Care

Question 15

Which job title refers to a staff member at a correctional facility who teaches culturally appropriate healing and treatment programs to Indigenous and Métis offenders, and works with an Elder to guide Indigenous inmates on their healing journey?

A) Community Correctional Officer
B) Indigenous Correctional Program Officer
C) Correctional Program Officer
D) Internal Educational Officer

Question 16

Which program, assisted by an Elder, helps Indigenous women offenders in federal institutions develop coping strategies so they can return to their communities to live crime-free lives?

A) Freedom to Decide
B) A Helping Hand
C) The Circle of Care
D) People Helping People

Question 17

What does research evidence reveal about Indigenous offenders and their success in applying for conditional release?

A) Parole grant rates for federal Indigenous offenders have been increasing.
B) Parole grant rates for federal Indigenous offenders have been decreasing.
C) Indigenous offenders have higher full parole grant rates than non-Indigenous offenders.
D) Indigenous offenders have higher day parole grant rates than non-Indigenous offenders.

Question 18

What percentage of Parole Board of Canada staff is Indigenous?

A) 4%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 19

Which of the following is a culturally relevant parole hearing for an Indigenous inmate in Ontario who is applying for full parole after serving four months of his 12-month sentence?

A) elder-assisted hearing
B) Indigenous circle hearing
C) cultural advisor-led hearing
D) Indigenous spiritual community hearing

Question 20

What section of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act authorizes a First Nation community to present the Parole Board of Canada with a plan identifying where an Indigenous offender will live and the supervision she will receive upon release on full parole?

A) Section 81
B) Section 82
C) Section 83
D) Section 84

Question 21

What did the Parole Board of Canada find regarding its provision of parole board hearings in the community in an effort to foster a "traditional sense of responsibility felt by every community member for each other and for the creatures and forces that sustain all human life"?

A) The hearings have a significant impact for the community.
B) It would be worthwhile to spread the system to non-Indigenous communities.
C) The hearings are having limited impact on Indigenous communities.
D) The hearings were found to violate federal laws, and are NO longer in use.

Question 22

What section of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act allows for the increased involvement of Indigenous communities in the release and reintegration of federal Indigenous offenders?

A) Section 14
B) Section 81
C) Section 100.1
D) Section 104.1

Question 23

What was being assessed in an evaluation of an Indigenous-focused program that revealed Indigenous offenders enjoy working with Elders and learning about their Indigenous spirituality?

A) quality of life
B) recidivism rates
C) program dynamics
D) correctional outcomes

Question 24

Which existing intervention would be helpful to research when a remote town plagued by high rates of sexual and domestic abuse decides to develop an intervention to tackle these concerns, address the needs of all involved parties, and promote peace and harmony?

A) Waseskun Healing Centre
B) Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge
C) Ma Mawi Wi Chi Itata Family Violence Program
D) Hollow Water Community Holistic Healing Program

Question 25

Which intervention will best address the violent tendencies of an Indigenous woman who has a history of violent offences and is incarcerated in a federal prison after being convicted of multiple assault charges?

A) Pathways Unit
B) Tupiq Program
C) Pé Sâkâstêw Centre
D) Spirit of a Warrior Program

Question 26

List and describe the 13 phases in a Holistic Circle Hearing.

Question 27

List and describe some of unique challenges that may be encountered by Indigenous offenders on their conditional release from prison.